The present situation and development trend of fine chemical industry are briefly described.

It is the floorboard of fine chemicals industry, referred to as "fine chemicals". It can be summarized as: medicine, pesticides, synthetic dyes, organic pigments, paints, perfumes and essences, cosmetics and toiletries, soaps and synthetic detergents, surfactants, printing inks and their auxiliaries, adhesives, photosensitive materials, magnetic materials, catalysts, reagents, water treatment agents and polymer flocculants, papermaking auxiliaries, leather auxiliaries, synthetic material auxiliaries, textile printing and dyeing agents and finishing agents, food additives and feed additives. Petroleum additives and refining AIDS, cement additives, mineral flotation agents, casting chemicals, metal surface treatment agents, synthetic lubricating oil and lubricating oil additives, automotive chemicals, aromatic deodorants, industrial fungicides, electronic chemicals and materials, functional polymer materials, biochemical products and other more than 40 industries and categories. With the development of national economy, the development and application fields of fine chemicals will be continuously explored and new categories will be continuously increased.

With the development of high and new technologies in the world and China, nanotechnology, information technology, modern biotechnology, modern separation technology, green chemistry and many other high and new technologies will be combined with fine chemical industry to serve high and new technologies. High and new technologies will further transform fine chemical industry, further broaden the application fields of fine chemical products, further upgrade, refine, compound and functionalize products, and develop in the direction of high and new fine chemical industry. Therefore, the benign interaction of various high technologies is the fourth good opportunity for fine chemical industry.

Faced with these four good opportunities, it is no wonder that domestic experts, scholars and people of insight agree that fine chemical industry is definitely a sunrise industry in China with a bright future.

The progress of the industry and the development of enterprises need the support of outstanding professionals. This provides a place for our students to display their talents. In fact, the annual employment rate of our fine chemical graduates is as high as 95%. Many fine chemical enterprises inside and outside the province came to our school to ask for the introduction or recruitment of fine chemical graduates. Because there are many fine chemical enterprises in society, the economic benefits of fine chemical enterprises are generally good, the export and domestic market potential of fine chemical products are huge, and the development prospects of fine chemical products are broad, so the social capacity of fine chemical graduates is very large. In the foreseeable future, there will be basically no employment problem.

[Edit this paragraph] Development direction of fine chemical industry

According to the regulations of the Organization for Economic Development and Cooperation (OECD), automobile, machinery, nonferrous metallurgy and chemical industry belong to medium-tech industries in terms of technology intensity. High-tech and its industries are specific fields determined by their high R&D content, such as aerospace, information industry and pharmacy. As a branch of chemical industry, fine chemical industry generally belongs to the category of medium technology, but as fine chemical industry, high-performance chemical new materials, medicine, biochemistry and so on have been identified as high-tech categories. 2 1 century is the era of knowledge economy, and a new technological revolution of three frontier sciences with bioengineering, information science and new material science as the main body is bound to have a great impact on the chemical industry. The development trend of traditional industries such as fine chemicals is bound to increase the intensity of technical knowledge and complement each other with high and new technologies.

1. the combination of nanotechnology and fine chemical industry

The so-called nanotechnology refers to the science and technology that studies the motion law and interaction of the system composed of substances with the size between 0. 1 ~ 100nm, as well as the possible technical problems in practical application. Nanotechnology is one of the important contents of the revolution of science and technology industry in 2 1 century. It is a comprehensive discipline that highly intersects with physics, chemistry, biology, materials science and electronics, including basic science with observation, analysis and research as the main line and technical science with nano-engineering and processing as the main line. Undeniably, nanotechnology is a complete system integrating scientific frontier and high technology. Nanotechnology mainly includes nano-electronics, nano-machinery and nano-materials. Just like microelectronics and computer technology in the 20th century, nanotechnology will be one of the brand-new technologies in the 20th century. Its research and application will surely bring a new technological revolution.

Nano-materials have many characteristics, such as quantum size effect, small size effect, surface effect and macroscopic quantum tunneling effect, which make nano-particles obviously superior to ordinary particles in thermomagnetism, light, sensitivity, surface stability, diffusion and sintering properties, mechanical properties, etc. Therefore, nano-materials are widely used in fine chemicals. Specific performance in the following aspects:

(1) Nano-polymers are used to make foams with high strength/weight ratio, transparent insulating materials, laser-doped transparent foams, high-strength fibers, high-surface adsorbents, ion exchange resins, filters, gels and porous electrodes.

(2) Nano-daily chemical nano-daily chemical and cosmetics, nano-pigments, nano-photographic films and nano-fine chemical materials will bring us to a colorful world. Recently, the research department of Kodak Company in the United States has successfully developed a new nano-powder with both pigment and molecular dye functions, which is expected to bring revolutionary changes to color images.

(3) Adhesive and sealant nano-SiO2 _ 2 has been added to adhesive and sealant as an additive abroad, which greatly improves the bonding effect of adhesive and the sealing performance of sealant. Its mechanism is that the surface of nano-silica is coated with a layer of organic material, which makes it hydrophilic. When it is added into sealant, the structure of silicon dioxide is rapidly formed, that is, nano-SiO _ 2 forms a network structure, which limits the flow of colloid, accelerates the curing speed, improves the bonding effect, and improves the sealing performance of adhesive due to its small particle size. Mu chong's academic blog, M oe {%|*LW.

(4) Coatings Adding nano-SiO2 _ 2 into various coatings can improve its aging resistance, smoothness and strength, and the quality and grade of coatings will naturally upgrade. Nano-SiO2 _ 2 is a kind of anti-ultraviolet radiation (that is, anti-aging) material, and its tiny particles have a large specific surface area, which can quickly form a network structure when the coating is dried, and at the same time increase the strength and smoothness of the coating. Woodworm academic blog1n&; Y/Pi[V.A

(5) High-efficient combustion improver Adding nano-nickel powder to rocket solid fuel propellant can greatly improve the combustion heat and efficiency of fuel and improve the combustion stability. Nano-explosives will increase the power of explosives by a thousand times;

(6) Hydrogen storage materials FeTi and Mg2Ni are important candidate alloys for hydrogen storage materials, which absorb hydrogen slowly and must be activated, that is, the hydrogen absorption-dehydrogenation process is carried out for many times. Zaluski et al. directly formed Mg2Ni by ball milling Mg and Ni powders, with an average grain size of 20 ~ 30 nm, and its hydrogen absorption performance is far superior to that of ordinary polycrystalline materials. Hydrogen absorption of common polycrystalline Mg2Ni can only be carried out at high temperature (when the pH is less than 20 Pa, T is greater than T ≥ 250 C), but the hydrogen absorption time at low temperature is long and the hydrogen pressure is high. Nanocrystalline Mg2Ni can absorb hydrogen below 200℃ without activation treatment. After the first hydrogenation cycle at 300°C, the hydrogen content can reach about 3.4%. In the subsequent cycle, the hydrogen absorption rate is 4 times faster than that of ordinary polycrystalline materials. The hydrogen absorption and activation properties of nanocrystalline FeTi are obviously better than those of ordinary polycrystalline materials. The activation process of common polycrystalline FeTi is: heating to 400 ~ 450℃ in vacuum, then annealing in 7Pa H2, cooling to room temperature, and exposing to higher pressure (35 ~ 65 Pa) of hydrogen. The activation process needs to be repeated several times. However, the nanocrystalline FeTi formed by ball milling only needs to be annealed at 400℃ for 0.5 h in vacuum, which is enough to complete all hydrogen absorption cycles. Nanocrystalline FeTi alloy consists of nanocrystalline grains and highly disordered grain boundary regions (about 20% ~ 30% of the material).

(7) In the catalyst material, the active site of the reaction can be a cluster atom on the surface or another substance adsorbed on the surface. These positions are closely related to surface structure, lattice defects and crystal angle. Nanocrystalline materials are suitable as catalytic materials because they can provide a large number of catalytically active sites. In fact, many nano-structured catalytic materials have appeared decades before the term "nano-materials" appeared. Typical catalysts, such as metal nanoparticles supported on inert substances, such as RH/Al2O3 and Pt/C, have been used in petrochemical, fine chemical and automobile exhaust. In the chemical industry, the use of nanoparticles as catalysts is another aspect of nanomaterials. For example, ultrafine boron powder and ammonium chromate powder can be used as effective catalysts for explosives; Ultrafine platinum powder and tungsten carbide powder are efficient hydrogenation catalysts; Ultrafine silver powder can be used as a catalyst for ethylene oxidation; Copper and its alloy nano-powders have high efficiency and strong selectivity as catalysts, and can be used as catalysts in the process of methanol synthesis from carbon dioxide and hydrogen. Nano-nickel powder has a strong catalytic effect and can be used for hydrogenation of organic compounds and treatment of automobile exhaust.

Ping Jin et al. prepared Pd colloidal ultrafine particles (average particle size 65438±0.8nm) supported by polyvinylpyrrolidone by colloidal method, which were used to catalyze the following reactions:

It was found that its activity was 2 ~ 3 times higher than that of ordinary palladium catalyst, and its selectivity was close to 100%.

More than two kinds of osmium ultrafine particles or alloys can also be used as catalysts to obtain higher catalytic activity and selectivity. For example, amorphous Ni-B nano-catalyst prepared by chemical reduction method and Co-Mn/SiO _ 2 nano-alloy catalyst for ethylene hydrogenation have good catalytic performance. Metal nanoparticles such as nickel, cobalt, iron and TiO _ 2-γ-Al _ 2O _ 3 are mixed, molded and roasted to purify automobile exhaust. The activity is similar to that of ternary Pt catalyst, and the activity does not decrease after working at 600℃ 100 hours.

Shortcomings and Suggestions on the Development of Fine Chemical Industry

With the development of fine chemical industry in China, some problems are increasingly exposed. In particular, the slow progress in the reform of scientific research and development system, the serious duplication of construction, the majority of low-grade products, the low degree of refinement, the low added value, the small scale of enterprises, the low concentration and the low efficiency of resource allocation have restricted the further development and quality improvement of the industry.

Therefore, fine chemical enterprises in China must seize the new development situation, intensify scientific and technological innovation, carry out technological forward-looking research, establish and improve technological innovation system and mechanism, improve supporting measures, improve overall efficiency and competitiveness, create a fair external environment for enterprises, and eliminate, reduce or limit backward products and production processes. Only in this way can they be invincible in the new situation.

There are many categories of fine chemicals, involving a wide range, which are greatly influenced by industrial policies. From the perspective of structural adjustment and technological progress, intensive management is the future development direction of China's fine chemical industry. Many places in China have established chemical parks and given corresponding preferential policies, many of which highlight the characteristics of fine chemicals. This pattern is conducive to the connection and collocation of upstream and downstream of fine chemicals, which will greatly promote the development of fine chemicals.