What were the punishments in ancient times?

The history of this method of execution may be older than the history of human civilization, when mankind is still in the use of stones and clubs and nature, with the rattan rope tied up a violation of the same kind to let the animals trampled on the easiest means of death, and the earliest records let us know, in the 7th century BC, Assyria king Yasubanibal had thrown the prisoners to the giant dog as a meal. The Egyptians favored crocodiles. The Indians were fond of tigers as "executives", as for the Chinese, preferring the principle of "if people are not righteous, they will rise up and attack them", throwing the offenders into the pile of rats, snakes, ants, and thus verifying that the concepts of strength and weakness, size, lightness and weight, thickness and other opposing concepts of reliance on the interchangeability of the use of large carnivorous animals to deal with the bare-handed people, the Chinese despise "bullying" the Chinese people scoffed at. The Romans had an imaginary fascination with animal execution. Rome once practiced "death by strangulation," which was actually a form of drowning. But before drowning, the prisoner, together with a monkey, a rooster, a dog, a cat and a snake, would be put into a leather bag, and then the bag was sewn tightly. The prisoners were then sewn tightly. Before they were drowned, their bodies were covered with colorful marks. Throughout the Roman Empire it was very popular to watch beasts of prey eat people, which was permitted by the Code of Canon Law. All types of beasts were used for this punishment: lions, tigers, leopards, bears, and occasionally wolves, dogs, and the like. All animals were starved or imprisoned to the point of frenzy beforehand. Spectators are connoisseurs of spectacle and are not allowed to make any mistakes in the order.

Generally speaking, the tiger is preferred for its ability to eat the prisoner up in a fast and furious style. The bear's style is appreciated by a few less psychologically inclined people, and it knocks the prisoner down in a hurry, but eats him slowly, drags him down, and chews him very carefully. In addition to the direct treatment of the method, there is an indirect method, that is, with the power of the animal to torture, Chinese history of five horses divided into corpses, the horse's tail drag belongs to this kind. In India, horses are usually replaced by cows or elephants. As for the Middle East or Africa, mostly with dromedary snakes. Throughout the animal execution of the past and present, the most terrible when the medieval France, Britain and the Netherlands and other places are popular in a kind of punishment, that is, stripped of the prisoner's clothes, tied to the bed on their backs, in their belly only buckle a pot or a cage, which puts a mouse, skunk or sleeping rats, and then ignited fire heating. In order to escape from the panic of the animals will be digging and biting, hole open the prisoner's stomach deep into their internal organs.

Second, cut throat

Slitting the throat has always been unique to the ancient Roman punishment, so there is "Roman punishment" called. Its main purpose is to cut the throat. The difference with beheading is that in this punishment, the head and the torso are not separated, but the execution principle of these two punishments is the same, because the prisoner is mainly due to asphyxiation, blood loss and brain blood loss and death, which is directly caused by the carotid artery and the aorta are cut off. The dagger was used to cut the throat. However, throat-slitting was never included as a major method of execution in the Roman penal code.

In ancient Rome, in the gladiatorial arena, the injured of the two gladiators would raise his bladder and point his left ring finger to the spectators after he had fallen, on the one hand acknowledging defeat by this gesture, and on the other hand asking for leniency from the spectators. At this point the victor would come to him, make a show of kneeling on one leg, take control of his head, thrust the knife deep under his head, and raise his head again, awaiting the verdict of the spectators, who would raise their hands in pardon if the loser had done his best and had been brave and dexterous enough to please the spectators, or, if he had not behaved satisfactorily, would stretch out his thumb and sentence him to death, if that was the case, the president of the arena would give a shout. The President of the Arena will cry out, "Cut the throat!"

Slitting the throat does carry a touch of honor and pathos.

Slitting throats was also used to sanction Rome's ideological opponents, the Christians.

Some primitive tribes in Asia, Africa and Latin America also used throat-slitting during rituals. In Europe, throat-slitting was used only as an aggravating circumstance, to "slit the throat, stuff it with a branding iron, squeeze out the tongue and cut it off, and then hang it." In the Code of Canon Law drawn up by King Henry IV, it was stipulated that the slit had to be as high as the base of the neck, so that the executioner could pull the tongue out through the slit.

Throat-slitting was used again in Cambodia in the 20th century, when sharp palm fronds were used to slowly cut the throat of a prisoner, back and forth in the vicinity of the carotid artery, "making a very thin gash, and then pulling horizontally with all one's strength. The blood was instantly sprayed in all directions and shot far away." In this way they executed thousands of people.

Three, disembowelment

The punishment was to stab the prisoner in the belly with a sharp blade and pull open the mouth, causing damage to the internal organs and death. Greece and Rome only the whole dead people will stop, but in ancient Persia, cut open the belly, but also from which to pull out six to eight meters of intestines, wrapped in the winch, and Japan's disembowelment is carried out by their own, used to prove their loyalty, and to recover the lost honor. At the same time as the disembowelment, a crown with heroic features is placed on the head of the deceased. Therefore, not ordinary people were eligible for disembowelment. They were usually beheaded. In Japan, beheading not only means taking a life, but also insulting the soul of the spirit. Answer Supplement IV. Throwing Punishment

The key to this punishment was to make the prisoner fall from a high place. Of course, this could not be done in places where there were no high places, such as in the desert. ......

The only difference in throwing from one area to another was where the prisoner ended up, with the Romans throwing the prisoner into a karst forest and the Greeks laying sharp-edged boulders at the point of impact. The Persians preferred streets with flat slabs of stone. Mexico is in the water erected iron hooks, and then throw people up, the most ostentatious when the European pro-christian war places, are revered to let the soldiers line up square formation, armed with spears and halberds. The prisoners were then taken to the top of towers, ramparts or churches and thrown down with a shout of one, two, three. "It was one of the most dramatic punishments, very theatrical," writes historian Hubert Montaigne.

Throwing was revived in the mid-20th century by French and U.S. forces. In Algeria and Vietnam, prisoners who refused to tell what information they had were often kicked out of helicopters, in less elaborate locations than in ancient times, but at heights that the ancients would never have dreamed of.

If the prisoners were simply starved to death, it would not reflect the creativity and ingenuity of the torturers. In medieval Europe, the most commonly used is the "starvation mask", when the mask is fastened to the face, the prisoner's mouth will be inserted into an iron tongue, used to force him to breathe, so even if full of food, the prisoner can not eat, until the death of starvation.

The "invention of genius" was a device called the "terror pear", made of iron, in the shape of a pear, which could be opened by a mechanism. With it into the mouth of the offender, so that they can not shout, can not speak, of course, can not eat. Some of the "pears of terror" contain spikes that can slowly protrude from the opening of the mechanism, rupturing the mouth and piercing the throat. ......

In India and Burma, people sentenced to starvation have their throats and mouths gagged with molten lead water.

In nineteenth-century Africa, some tribes tied the bodies of murderers and their victims quite right together." Hand in hand and lip in lip, these tortured people were drenched in putrid blood, starved and thirsty, and died a miserable, slow death."

Sometimes, starving prisoners would be made to binge on food and drink before starving to death, then tied up in piss contraptions, then blocked anally and left to bloat to death. The Nazis used to do this sort of thing to prisoners in concentration camps during World War II.

Answers to add six, crucifixion The sentence in ancient Egypt, in the Mediterranean coast and the Middle East countries used very common. Generally speaking, it is used to punish the lower social status of people, such as slaves, beggars. Crucifixion was also used to humiliate the worst offenders. The cross as a torture device usually consists of two to three stakes - even four if it is a quadrilateral cross, with different shapes. Some were T-shaped, some X-shaped, and some Y-shaped. T-shaped crosses were mainly used to punish rioters, sometimes upside down, with the head down and the feet facing the sky. Saint Pierre was executed in this way, allegedly at his own request, because he realized that he could not be subjected to the same punishment as Christ. Long before the prisoners and executioners arrived at the place of execution, the straight pole of the cross had already been driven into the ground. The later depiction of Christ carrying the cross to the "skull" is not true from the penal point of view. At the place of execution, the prisoner was tied with ropes to an instrument of torture, but more often he was nailed directly, first to the hands and then to the feet. The nails were never driven into the palms of the hands, which could not bear the weight of the body and would have torn apart, while the arms could have been freed. Experienced executioners would drive the nails into a narrow space between the carpal bones, which is nowadays anatomically known as the Thurso Gap.　Crucifixion is still alive and well in the modern world: in the 1970s, Vietnamese soldiers crucified "traitors"; in the 1980s, thieves were crucified in some countries; and in the 1990s, seven countries, including Sudan, crucified prisoners for public display. During the Warring States period in China, the Qin general Bai Qi buried 400,000 Zhao soldiers alive in a single act.

The Romans also used to punish women for breaking the law by burying them alive.

The ancient Persians, before the implementation of buried alive, the prisoner will be thrown from a height into a pile of deliberately burned ashes, ashes into the prisoner's lungs caused by asphyxiation is far more terrible than the general buried alive caused by the simple lack of oxygen.

The Gauls and Germans used live burials for traitors and deserters. The Goths used it specifically for homosexuals. In medieval France, women were not hanged for the sake of "decency"; after all, it was so unseemly for a woman to be hanging in mid-air, writhing and wiggling her legs in full view of the crowd, that she had to be buried alive. Modern records of live burial in the Vietnam War period answers to add eight, stake torture

For this sentence, the 19th century "Encyclopedia" under the definition: "one of the creations that will bring human cruelty to its extreme". The method of execution consisted of inserting a stake into the prisoner's body, most often into the anus, and leaving him to die.

Depending on the diameter of the stake, the anus was sometimes spread beforehand with a spreader or cut open with a knife, and then the executioner inserted the stake and then nailed it with a hammer. In some areas, the stake is inserted into the 50 or 60 centimeters, the executioner will put the stake up, inserted into the first good copper, so that the stake with the prisoner's own weight, little by little deeper, until it is from the armpits, chest, back, or anus through the abdomen, in general, was so "repaired" inmates tend to be subjected to more than three days of torture.

The stake was particularly popular in Europe during the Pro-Confucian Wars, and in 1669 in the Italian city of Piemonte, a nobleman's daughter, Della Tour, was pierced naked and paraded through the streets by a group of executioners who proclaimed the body to be their flag.

In 1958, the uncle of the king of Iraq was staked for homosexuality, a punishment chosen because he "liked to stick things in **Answers added IX, flaying

Flaying is the removal of the skin of a human being, which can be partial or total.

In ancient India, live flaying is also known as "small fire to fine hair", that is, using a torch to burn the skin, the body cooked to three. At this point, the live meat thoroughly attached to the skin on the body to separate. Then "the prisoner's screams in spite of the whole of his skin off ...... his muscles are fully exposed, blood vessels are clearly exposed, you can see the internal organs in the pulsation of the light on his chest, the muscle fibers glittering.

Such live stripping requires skill and may have represented the highest level of human skinning activity. Because in other regions and countries, many people do not go for the whole effect, and just make "artistic treatment". The best masterpieces of this treatment are the narrow, circular details of the skin, cut into very thin strips, or into rounds, shards, or rectangular pieces. ......

Flaying alive as a punishment disappeared centuries ago, but human skins have always been sought after by gruesome **collectors.

In the late 19th century, Spizna, famous for his history of human anatomy, exhibited a complete tanned human skin. The Nazis, too, collected not only skins with beautiful tattoos, but also used some of them as book jackets, lampshades, cardboard cushions, or as good material for other works of art. Answer added X. Dismemberment

This punishment meant simply cutting off limbs. But after a certain period of time, the torturers thought that the "dry" was too cheap for the criminals, so there were many different ways to do it.

The Persians had a unique way of cutting off fingers, then toes, then hands, arms, ankles, legs, ears, noses, and so on. ......

The Chinese had a way of stopping the bleeding after amputating the limbs, wrapping the wounds in a cloth, and stuffing the wounds into a large urn, which was then put into the toilet, where the prisoner had to suffer for a long time before he died. The prisoner had to suffer for a long time before he died. After the Han Dynasty, lynching replaced dismemberment, perhaps in the eyes of the executioner, more painful and more subtle ......

Today, some countries still provide for the amputation of thieves, and the Pakistani code says: "The first time a person commits theft, his right hand will be chopped off from the joint of the wrist; the second time, his left foot will be chopped off. The Code of Pakistan states: "The first offender of theft shall have his right hand cut off at the joint of the wrist; the second offender shall have his left foot cut off." But it is almost impossible to take a prisoner's life by this punishment

. Answer added XI. Lynching

This punishment was especially favored by peoples in Asia and the Middle East. The key to this punishment was to beat the human body in pieces until it died.

The lynching of rebels in the Persian Empire was done by cutting them in four equal parts. The Romans dealt with women by cutting off their breasts, and with men by removing their genitals. The Greeks added the process of boning to the cutting of flesh, making each prisoner look like a rag doll stuffed with wood shavings. However, compared to the Chinese, the other peoples were more crude. The Chinese have perfected the art of lynching to such an extent that it is considered a masterpiece. At the beginning of the execution, the executioner skillfully plucks out the knot in the prisoner's throat to prevent him from screaming. The wounds were then quickly bandaged with blood, first on the back, and each cut had to be the size of a fingernail. To kill an adult, 3,357 cuts had to be made, and the cuts had to be bloody and fleshless, and they had to be attached to a large white porcelain plate for the spectators to admire and appreciate, and if the prisoner died before the required number of cuts were made, the executioner would be scorned by the spectators and might lose his bowl. Answers to add twelve, broken body punishment

This is a typical Western death penalty, and Westerners love to fiddle with machinery is closely related. The prisoner's naked body was fixed on a large wheel with iron spikes, by cranking the handle, the wheel can rotate around the axis, the wheel every turn, fixed to the ground on the iron spikes will be cut down to a piece of meat, turn a circle, the prisoner basically torn