How to cultivate students' creative thinking ability in the teaching process?

First, why should we study this issue? There are the following four points.

(a) is to implement the education policy and promote the all-round development of people.

(2) Deepening education reform to meet the needs of cultivating innovative talents in the new century.

(3) Develop the right brain potential and promote the all-round development of thinking creativity.

(four) to meet the needs of the selection of national institutions of higher learning.

Second, how to combine teaching to cultivate students' creative thinking ability?

(1) Change ideas and turn the process of teaching into the process of learning. Cultivate students' willingness to ask questions consciously, actively explore and self-study ability. Such as: Daiyu teaches poetry.

(2) In teaching practice, pay attention to cultivate students' thinking habits of independent observation and comparison, seeking common ground in differences and seeking differences in similarities.

(c) To cultivate students' creative thinking ability in the process of dealing with the contradiction between understanding, mastering and applying old and new knowledge;

1, cultivate the ability of association and imagination in the process of leading from knowledge to the unknown;

2, from the old knowledge to the new knowledge, eliminate the mindset;

3. From concrete to abstract, from abstract to concrete, cultivate students' comprehensive, analytical and systematic abilities;

4. From knowledge to skills, cultivate students' innovative ability in experiment and practice;

5, from the inside out, from the result to the process, pay attention to the inspiration and creativity of the exam.

(4) Pay attention to the different characteristics of students' cognitive process at different ages and carry out different teaching activities in a targeted manner.

(5) Pay attention to the role of non-intelligence factors in intellectual development.

(6) Pay special attention to the cultivation of thinking ability in images.

How to cultivate students' creative thinking ability in the teaching process

Creative thinking refers to the thinking process in creative activities. It is the core of creativity. The so-called creativity refers to the ability to put forward new ideas after repeated analysis, comparison, association, thinking and synthesis on the basis of predecessors' experience and knowledge in order to improve a certain goal, that is, the ability to find new problems and creatively solve new problems.

Creative thinking is generally considered to have the following five qualities:

One dares to doubt, not blindly follow, and dares to break through the old frame to seek the opposite sex;

The second is the quality of being good at vertical, horizontal and reverse association;

Third, think about the multidirectional nature of the problem from different angles;

Fourth, the leap of omitting thinking steps or crossing the gap between things and the limitation of observability;

5. Comprehensive quality of dialectical analysis ability and thinking control ability.

First, why should we study this issue? There are the following four points.

(a) is to implement the education policy and promote the all-round development of people.

The high development of human society needs people's own development to adapt to it and promote it. Therefore, from the perspective of promoting modernization, cultivating innovative talents with all-round development has become the main topic in front of education.

Man's all-round development refers to the development of man's physiology and psychology in order to meet the needs of society. Psychology includes psychological phenomena such as perception, memory, thinking, imagination, motivation, interest, emotion, will and personality. Including intelligence factors and non-intelligence factors. Intelligence, commonly known as wisdom, is the synthesis of human abilities. Including observation, attention, memory, thinking and other abilities, the core of which is the cultivation of people's thinking ability, especially the creative thinking ability different from copying thinking, which is the need to improve people's intelligent structure and improve people's quality. As Einstein said: "Without creative individuals who can think and judge independently, the upward development of society is unimaginable."

(2) Deepening education reform to meet the needs of cultivating innovative talents in the new century.

Toffler said in his book The Influence of the Future: "Tomorrow's society will be a society where human beings engage in creative work by processing information and using their investigation power under the technical system. As for the machine, it is more and more just everyday. " It is the goal of educational reform in all countries in the world to cultivate talents needed in 2 1 century. The fundamental goal of Japan's third educational reform since 1970s is to lay a solid foundation for people's physical and mental development and cultivate world Japanese talents with international vision. Pay attention to cultivating people's creative thinking ability to adapt to the future scientific development. Including "the keen thinking ability to observe things from many aspects; Ability to think in images and abstract concepts; Be able to grasp the analytical ability of complex and related parts and elements as a whole; Grasp the comprehensive ability of things in an all-round way; As much knowledge as possible in professional fields, especially in marginal disciplines. "

The determination of this goal is determined by the needs of its economic competition and the development of the world scientific and technological revolution. The first scientific and technological revolution of mankind was marked by the establishment of Newtonian mechanical system in 1687 and the wide application of steam engines. Accordingly, Bacon advocated science education, and Comenius' class teaching system and teaching principles appeared, as well as the requirement of popularizing primary education. The second scientific and technological revolution, marked by the establishment of Maxwell's electromagnetic theory (1873), the confirmation of electromagnetic waves (1888 Hz) and the wide application of electricity, accordingly advocated compulsory primary education in the field of education, popularized secondary education, established polytechnic colleges and developed normal education. The third time is marked by the establishment of relativity and quantum theory and the development and application of atomic energy. In education, we advocate scientific education, emphasize specialist education and establish a postgraduate system. Advocate secondary compulsory education and develop vocational education. The fourth scientific and technological revolution is marked by the establishment of system theory, information theory, cybernetics and the wide application of electronic computers. In education, we advocate lifelong education, intelligent education and future education. General education and innovative education. It can be seen that advocating creative education and vigorously cultivating young people's creative thinking ability are also determined by the internal and external laws of education itself.

From the perspective of improving people's own quality, cultivating creative thinking ability is in line with the development process of human intelligence. Bruner believes that human development can be divided into three stages. The first stage is the memory and understanding of book knowledge. The second stage is to summarize the ability to solve new problems and analyze new situations with principles. The third stage is the combination and evaluation of creative thinking. The development of human intelligence from low level to high level and the wide application of computers have put forward the inevitability and reality for the cultivation of creative thinking ability and opened up an unpredictable bright future.

(3) It is the need to develop the brain potential and promote the all-round development of thinking.

198 1 The theory of right brain development founded by Dr. sperry, an American medical and physiologist, holds that the human brain is divided into two hemispheres, the left hemisphere and the right hemisphere, which have their own division of labor and cooperate with each other. The left brain specializes in logical thinking, while the right brain specializes in image thinking, which is responsible for appreciating painting, music and natural scenery, observing things intuitively, looking at the overall situation and grasping the whole. According to brain physiology, it can be divided into category cognition, figure cognition, image cognition, space cognition, painting cognition and image cognition. The memory capacity of the right brain is ten thousand times that of the left brain. Whether a person is smart or not depends mainly on his right brain.

For a long time, our teaching content has attached importance to mathematics and language, which is the function of the left hemisphere of the brain. People only pay attention to the development of left brain function, but ignore the right brain. However, brain science shows that the left and right hemispheres also have advanced intelligence functions, but their thinking modes and functions are different. The left hemisphere is good at analyzing, abstracting, calculating and seeking common ground. It is the intellectual activity control center of the human brain for processing language and mathematics, carrying out abstract logical thinking, concentrated thinking and analytical thinking. On the other hand, the right hemisphere of the brain is good at imagination, fiction, feeling and seeking differences, and it is the control center of intellectual activities for the human brain to deal with appearances, concrete thinking, intuitive thinking and divergent thinking. Although the left and right hemispheres have a division of functions, they also have certain complementary abilities, which are complementary, coordinated and indispensable. However, our education only pays attention to the development of half the functions of the brain, which is a huge waste! In particular, many advanced intellectual functions directly related to creative activities, such as visualization, intuition and comprehensive thinking ability, are located in the right hemisphere of the human brain. Strengthening the cultivation of thinking in images and developing the ability of creative thinking will inevitably promote the intellectual development of the right hemisphere and the physiological development of the whole brain, and fully explore people's greatest potential.

Feaster, a logician, said: "The rapid development of knowledge must be partly attributed to the accumulation of background knowledge that human beings have accumulated-however, since16th century, it is mainly the way of thinking, that is, the scientific method, that has prompted human beings to make great progress." Therefore, the development of brain power and the improvement of human quality will bring unimaginable wealth to mankind. Promote historic and great changes in human society.

(4) It is to meet the needs of National Standards for Selecting Talents in Colleges and Universities.

The national college entrance examination questions are determined according to the training objectives, teaching syllabus, examination syllabus and teaching materials. On the other hand, it will also promote the development of teaching towards the goal of talent training. The examination questions for several years all focus on the investigation of basic knowledge and application ability. Test the flexibility, creativity and agility of thinking. 1987, with 16 pages and more than 5,500 words in Chinese. Without a keen mind, you can't meet the requirements at all.

Creativity has been studied internationally for 50 years, but only in recent years has it been incorporated into school education as a technical training course in some countries. In the past two years, some comrades in the Chinese language field in China have made a good exploration of cultivating creative thinking ability in some aspects in combination with teaching, which is determined by the nature and characteristics of Chinese classes. As a basic tool course, Chinese is divided into language and article. As a symbol of human consciousness, language is related to higher nervous activity (the second signal system). It is not only a tool to exchange ideas, express feelings and will, but also a tool for human beings to understand the world. This can also be said to be an inherent function of language. Judging from the articles and literary works, 190 selected articles are almost all the author's creative achievements, and they are the best teachers to cultivate creative thinking. Therefore, in Chinese teaching, consciously strengthening this exploration will definitely raise the level of Chinese teaching to a new historical height.

Second, how to combine teaching to cultivate students' creative thinking ability?

(A) change the concept, pay attention to the process of teaching into the process of learning, and cultivate students' enthusiasm for learning and self-learning ability to explore and consciously seek differences.

It is said that foreign parents always ask, "What questions did you ask the teacher today?" China's parents asked, "What did the teacher teach you today?" Teachers in China tend to like students who "don't always act like fools", while foreign teachers complain that China students are difficult to teach and don't know how to ask questions. Only by shifting the foothold and turning the process of teaching into the process of students' learning can we give full play to the dynamic role of the learning subject.

In ancient China, we attached great importance to enlightenment teaching. Confucius's "Don't be angry, don't be angry, don't worry, don't be bad" and "Guide and draw, be strong and restrained, open and reach" in Xueji. They all emphasize that students should take the initiative to explore and consciously seek differences in the learning process. "Anger and frustration" is a state in which problems cannot be solved. The last three games are to inspire and enhance self-confidence. Lin Daiyu in a Dream of Red Mansions knows this truth very well. In the teaching process of Xiangling's poems, we can not only appreciate her persuasive teacher ability, but also understand her exposition of perceptual thinking state and poetic standards. Back to the 48th Dai jade taught Xiangling poetry like this:

First, pay attention to self-study and strengthen guidance. At first, Xiangling was mainly arranged to read more model essays and give guidance from the side.

1, get rid of its fear, boost its confidence and break its maze. Daiyu took over and said, "Anything difficult is worth learning! It's just a connection, in which there are two pairs of connections, flat to oblique, virtual to real, and real to virtual. If you have a strange sentence, even the plain truth is wrong. You are a very smart person, you don't need a year's work to worry about becoming a poet! "

2. Guide its direction and break its maze. Xiangling said that she likes Lu Fangweng's poems very much. "A curtain is fragrant for a long time, and an ancient inkstone is slightly concave and gathers more ink." Daiyu said, "Never read such a poem, because you don't know poetry, so you love it when you see such shallowness. Once you enter this mode, you can't learn. "

3. When choosing teaching materials, students should ponder carefully. Wang Wei's Five Laws 100, Lao Du's Seven Laws 120, and Violet's Seven Juets 1-200. These three people do the foundation first, and then look at the rest.

Second, grasp the key and difficult points and discuss them on an equal footing. There are not many words, but only by following people's thinking can we break through the difficulties and guide the situation. One day, Daiyu asked, "Have you tasted anything?" Xiangling smiled and said, "I've tasted some, and I don't know if it's true. I'll tell you. " Daiyu said with a smile, "This can only be improved through discussion. Come and listen to me. " Xiangling smiled and said, "In my opinion, the benefits of poetry are unspeakable, but it is realistic when I want to go. Some seem unreasonable, but it is reasonable to want to go. " Daiyu said with a smile, "This is a bit interesting, but I wonder where you got it?" Xiangling said with a smile, "I have read his poem Frontier fortress, and the couplet says,' The desert is lonely and the long river sets the yen.' How can the smoke be straight? The sun is born round: the word "straight" seems unreasonable, and the word "round" seems too vulgar. When you close the book and think about it, you seem to see this scene. You said you could find two more words, but you still can't find two words. There is also a saying that "the setting sun is white and the tide is blue": the words "white" and "green" seem unreasonable. I think about it, there must be these two words to describe it. It sounds like an olive weighing thousands of pounds in your mouth. "The sunset glow lingers at the ferry and rises in the house": the words "Yu" and "Shang" are hard for him to think of! When we came to Beijing that year, we took a boat in the bay that night. There is no one on the shore, only a few trees, and a few people are cooking dinner in the distance. The smoke turned out to be blue, and the clouds were straight up. Who knows, after reading these two sentences last night, I seem to have gone to that place again. "

Baoyu said with a smile, "In that case, there is no need to read poetry. Not really. After listening to these two sentences, I know that you have samadhi. " Daiyu said with a smile, "You said he smoked alone, but you didn't know he cheated his predecessors. Let me show you this sentence, which is lighter and more ready-made. " As he spoke, he dug out Tao Yuanming's "Warm Villages, Smoke in Yiyi Town" and handed it to Xiangling. Xiangling looked at it, nodded, sighed and said with a smile, "It turns out that the word' Shang' is derived from the word' Yi Yi'." Baoyu said with a smile, "You are right. You don't need to talk about it. You're getting confused. If only you had done it. "

The third is hard training and inspirational. To what extent did Xiangling suffer after accepting her homework? Baochai said; This man must be crazy. It's really poetic. I wrote the poem about the moon twice, but the rewriting was rejected. In the end, the essence and blood converge and inspiration can stimulate potential. "Suddenly I got eight sentences in my dream." Finally succeeded.

Daiyu's teaching of poetry is a complete teaching process of creative thinking. Thus, if a teacher wants to be a great teacher, he must first understand the essence of the textbook. Dai Yu's poetry, Tao and character are three in one: "thorough and delicate ... like the voice in the air, the color in the phase, the moon in the water, the image in the mirror." Is winter roasted Weng comparable?

Throughout the Chinese teaching reform in recent years, excellent teachers have emerged constantly. Although the specific practices are different, they all run through this basic spirit of induction and inspiration.

1, strengthen preview and emphasize the cultivation of self-study ability. Students not only study and think with the questions raised by teachers, but also further explore why teachers ask questions like this, actively add doubts and evaluation expectations to themselves, and learn to ask questions by themselves. Not only to solve doubts, but also to question. In this way, while reading and thinking, I am in an active leading position, thus putting forward higher-level questions reflecting new causality and new information combination. This question indicates that knowledge has entered the door of new creation. Einstein said: "It is often more important to ask questions than to solve them.

Here, students read by themselves, always saying, "you can get the pleasure of original success", (including asking creative questions to teachers), "thinking about the length of comparison" and "focusing on the pursuit of solution", and the fresh curiosity of reading new textbooks for the first time. This kind of psychology is a great internal motivation to continue learning. Bruno said, "The biggest stimulus of learning is interest in new textbooks."

2. Reading guidance and discussion is a process for students to solve problems on the basis of further intensive reading of textbooks, and it is also a process for teachers and students to discuss and solve problems together. Reading should teach students how to read and tick while reading. Write notes with doubts, comment with comments, accumulate and summarize, and form the habit of not writing or reading. In the process of classroom reading guidance, the most taboo for teachers is to show off more knowledge and speak well. We should still pay attention to guiding the development of students' thinking. I am "cited without sending, jumping." Set up doubts, start doubts and point doubts for students, so that students can constantly discover and put forward new problems in the process of solving doubts between teachers and students, and gradually lead the problems deeper.

Zhu advocated reading with doubts. He said, "When I started studying, I had doubts about the unknown. Later, I gradually had doubts, and then I learned." However, he failed to take a step forward and generated new doubts in seemingly no doubt, which is exactly what creative thinking requires. If the fundamental purpose of this "learning is learning" is not to work hard on the combination of learning and thinking, what's the use of learning more? Arktown, USA, except the books in the library, read all the 70,000 books collected at home and made reading notes and collations, but there were no creative achievements or published monographs in his life. Zheng Banqiao once said: The Five Classics and the Twenty-first History are bookworms who read all the twelve sentences of Tibetan Scriptures, while the poets in the Han, Wei, Six Dynasties and the people who studied Chinese characters in the Three Tang Dynasties were idiots.

In the process of discussion, special attention should be paid to protecting students' enthusiasm. The atmosphere is relaxed and lively, and students' intelligence can be brought into full play. Students who don't like to talk have two obstacles. In addition to not believing in yourself, I am used to copying books and teachers' words, mainly because I am afraid of losing face if I can't answer well, and my self-esteem is particularly strong. Therefore, teachers should not easily say that it is not good, it is not right, and it makes the whole class nervous. We should also pay special attention to protecting sharp students who are good at asking new questions.

Professor Haettner, a psychologist in West Germany, put forward the 12 training method to cultivate students' creative thinking, which is very enlightening to us. For example, in the second article, he said, "Don't treat students with authority", and in the fifth article, "Don't show students the results and methods and postpone judgment." Seventh, "encourage students to independently evaluate the progress and achievements of others." Eleventh, "cultivate frustration tolerance", twelfth, "grasp the overall structure and prevent students from learning an isolated component too early." To avoid premature simplification.

Or you can't get rid of it. These have important implications for reading guidance and discussion in Chinese teaching (see creation).

3. Practice and examination. Many successful Chinese teachers attach great importance to cultivating students' creative thinking in listening, speaking, reading and writing training and examinations.

The design depth of the exercises is moderate, flexible and thoughtful. The topic is very good. Students can be interested in this divergent thinking point. They can "swim around Wan Ren" through comparison, association and imagination, mobilize all kinds of recipient organs to participate in activities, and let students feel happy in their labor creation. Make progress in happiness. This requires that exercises should pay attention to purpose, diversity, interest, inspiration and difference. We also pay attention to judgment, selection, matching, comparison, filling, analysis and synthesis when investigating the types of topics. The large number of topics is vivid and comprehensive, which is helpful to develop people's creative thinking.

(2) Pay attention to the combination of teaching and training students' observation ability of "seeking common ground in differences and seeking differences in common".

Observation includes two stages: attention and perception, which is a conscious perceptual activity. Because the close connection between perception and thinking is the main feature of observation, observation is sometimes called the perception of thinking. Some people divide brain functions into four abilities: absorption ability, storage ability, computing ability and creativity. Observation and attention belong to absorption ability. Observation, not only ears and eyes, but also brains and brains, as well as concentration. And this is the quality that creative thinking needs.

Darwin once said, "I have no outstanding understanding and no extraordinary wit." It's just that my ability to feel and observe fleeting things may be better than that of China people. "Writers, artists, scientists and inventors all benefit from their keen observation. Ren Bonian, a famous painter in the late Qing Dynasty, painted many pictures of cats for his friends. He didn't like them until he climbed onto the roof one night and personally observed a surprised and angry cat. His talent is not just a picture of civet cats handed down from generation to generation. The middle school textbook and the painting of Ouyang Xiu by Prime Minister Wu Xiu also illustrate the importance of observation.

To observe, we must first make a detailed comparison and find out the similarities and differences. For example, there is an intelligence test: "Two teams have to cross a wooden bridge from south to north at the same time. How did they do it? " Careless children may want to widen the bridge deck, and witty children may want to change places one by one. Children who are good at observing may find that the conditions given are actually in the same direction from south to north, so just follow the order. The word "from south to north" used here is not a fixed meaning of idioms. Some people go to the south, some people go to the north, but literally. Legend has it that when Flaubert taught Maupassant to write, he asked him to observe a bonfire and a tree and write the characteristics of the bonfire and the tree. He was also asked to write about the distinctive features of grocers and janitors, and to let people know the difference between one horse and fifty horses in one sentence.

Second, we should look at it from different angles. This is the truth that "from the side of the ridge, the height is different."

Thirdly, like Sherlock Holmes, we should associate and reason about what we observe.

Fourth, we should pay attention to agility and speed. There are many Chinese questions in the college entrance examination, which are slow to reflect. The class was over before we could understand them.

(3) Cultivate creative thinking ability in the process of understanding, mastering and applying knowledge.