Traditional Culture Encyclopedia - Traditional stories - Traditional rehearsal hall

Traditional rehearsal hall

China national grand theatre

English: National Center for the Performing Arts

Address: No.2 West Chang 'an Street, Xicheng District, Beijing, China.

Postal code: 10003 1

[Edit this paragraph] Introduction to the National Center for the Performing Arts

National Grand Theatre The National Grand Theatre is located in the west of Tiananmen Square, the west of the Great Hall of the People and the south of West Chang 'an Avenue in downtown Beijing. It consists of the main building of the National Grand Theatre, the underwater corridor, the underground parking lot, the artificial lake and the green spaces on the north and south sides, with a total area of 1 18900 square meters and a total construction area of about 16500 square meters, of which the main building 105 square meters is underground. The total investment is 2.688 billion RMB (the latest cost figure of the Grand Theatre is 365.438 billion RMB). The main building consists of the outer steel shell, 209 1 seat opera house (including 2398 seats), 1859 (including 20 17 seats) concert hall, 957 (including 1 seat) theaters and public offices. The shell of the outer steel structure is semi-ellipsoid, with the long axis length in the east-west direction of 212.20m, the short axis length in the north-south direction of143.64m, the building height of 46.285m, and the deepest part of the foundation of-32.5m. The ellipsoid roof is mainly decorated with titanium plates, and the glass curtain wall is gradually opened in the middle. Around the ellipsoid shell is an artificial lake with an area of 35,500 square meters, and all kinds of passages and entrances are located underwater. The National Grand Theatre is 46.68 meters high, 3.32 meters lower than the Great Hall of the People. But its actual height is much higher than that of the Great Hall of the People, because 60% of the buildings of the National Grand Theatre are underground, and its underground height is as high as 10 floor. The national grand theatre project started in 200 1 12 13 and was completed in September 2007.

The National Grand Theatre was designed by French architect paul andreu, and the Paris Airport Company was responsible for the design. The roof of the National Grand Theatre is semi-oval, the surface is covered with soft and shiny titanium, and there are two triangular glass curtain walls on both sides. The whole building floats on artificial water, and pedestrians need to enter the performance hall from an 80-meter-long underwater passage. The Grand Theatre is a combination of tradition and modernity, romance and reality. The huge oval shape of the National Grand Theatre looks like a "whisper" on Chang 'an Avenue, which is very eye-catching because of its conflict with the surrounding environment. The planning of "the theater in the city, the city in the theater" appears with an unimaginable "pearl in the lake" and is dedicated to the new century.

As early as 1950s, the government's plan for Chang 'an Avenue envisaged the construction of the National Grand Theatre, and Zhou Enlai gave instructions for the construction of the National Grand Theatre for the first time, with the address "It is better to the west of Tiananmen Square". Finally, due to financial reasons, it was not implemented.

[Edit this paragraph] Overview

The main building of the National Centre for the Performing Arts consists of the external envelope and the internal opera house, concert hall, theatre, public hall and supporting rooms. There are three buildings on the ground floor: opera house, concert hall and theater, which are separated by roads and connected by suspended walkways. It seems that the ground building on the water is a huge shell, covering, shielding, surrounding and illuminating all the halls and passages. The reflection of the building in the water constitutes the external landscape of the Grand Theatre.

The main building of the National Grand Theatre is surrounded by an artificial lake, surrounded by a cultural and leisure square composed of large green spaces. The artificial lake covers an area of 35,500 square meters, with a water depth of 40 cm. The 35,000-square-meter pool is divided into 22 compartments. The compartment design is not only convenient for maintenance, but also saves water and is beneficial to safety. Each grid is relatively independent, but it maintains the overall consistency in appearance. In order to ensure that the water in the pool "does not freeze in winter and algae does not grow in summer", a set of water circulation system named "Central Liquid Cold and Heat Source Environmental System Control" is adopted.

The structure of the National Grand Theatre consists of three functional areas. North entrance and underground garage; Functional areas include opera house, theater, concert hall, etc. South entrance, restaurant, computer room and other service areas.

The "underwater corridor" at the south entrance and north entrance of the Grand Theatre extends to 6 meters underground, and the audience enters the Grand Theatre through the underwater corridor. The main entrance on the north side is an 80-meter-long underwater corridor. The south entrance and other passages are also located underwater. When the audience enters the Grand Theatre, they will find a shallow water area overhead. There is a ticket office at the entrance, and there are service places such as art exhibitions and art shops on both sides of the underwater corridor. The north entrance of the National Grand Theatre is connected with Tiananmen West Station of Beijing Subway 1 Line. [3] The south gate of the National Grand Theatre is adjacent to Heping Gate Station of Metro Line 2, with an underground parking lot, which can accommodate 1000 motor vehicles and 1500 bicycles. According to Andrew's design, the Grand Theatre retreated 70 meters from Chang 'an Avenue, leaving 70 meters of open space, all of which became green spaces.

There are four theaters in the National Centre for the Performing Arts, with an opera house in the middle, a concert hall in the east, a theater in the west and a small theater in the west of the south gate. The four war zones are completely independent and can be connected with each other through air corridors. The floor of the public hall is covered with more than 20 kinds of gems with different colors and patterns. The ceiling of the public hall is made of precious wood and patched into pieces of "mast sails", with different shades of red and alternating light and shade. Alain Boni, a famous painter from France, dyed various parts of the Grand Theatre with more than 20 different red dots. The silk-covered area of the wall of the whole grand theater reaches 4000 square meters.

Opera House mainly performs opera, ballet and ballet, with an audience of 24 16 seats. The concert hall mainly performs symphonies, folk music and concerts, with an audience of 20 17 seats; The theater mainly performs drama, Peking Opera, local operas and folk songs and dances, with an audience of 1040 seats; [4] The small theater has 556 seats, including chamber music, small solo, little theatre drama and modern dance.

Each theater has a dressing room, a command lounge, a piano practice room, an actor waiting area, a dressing room, a clothes ironing room, a prop room and an actor lounge. The stage technical room is equipped with audio control room, lighting control room, dimming equipment room, audio equipment room and camera room. There is a large lounge on the roof platform of the Opera House, a library and audio-visual materials hall on the roof platform of the concert hall, and a press conference hall on the roof platform of the theater.

There are five rehearsal halls in the Grand Theatre, which are located between the four theaters and can be used independently. The large rehearsal hall is mainly used for synthetic rehearsal; Two rehearsal halls, one for dance rehearsal and the other for band rehearsal; The two small rehearsal halls are mainly used for division rehearsals. The Grand Theatre has a centralized audio-visual production center, including a large recording studio, a simultaneous recording studio, a television relay studio and an audio-visual post-production studio. The Grand Theatre has a large painting room, set up scenery hanging and painting equipment, scenery, props renovation room and scenery warehouse, and two lifting platforms for container transportation.

[Edit this paragraph] Lighting

On the shell structure of the National Grand Theatre, 506 "mushroom lamps" were installed. Unlike other buildings on Chang 'an Avenue, which are brightly lit at night, the "mushroom lamp" on the shell of the National Grand Theatre emits a little light, just like the twinkling stars in the night sky.

[Edit this paragraph] Opera House

The Opera House is the most magnificent building in the National Grand Theatre, with gorgeous and brilliant gold as the main color. The Opera House mainly performs opera, ballet, ballet and large-scale cultural performances. The audience hall of the Opera House has a pool seat on the first floor and a box seat on the third floor, with an audience of 209 1 seat (excluding the orchestra pit). The Opera House has an advanced stage with the functions of pushing, pulling, ascending, descending and rotating, an inclined ballet stage and a lifting orchestra pit that can accommodate three wind bands.

The stage of the Opera House is zigzag, consisting of a main stage, two side stages and a backstage. The stage has five functions of pushing, pulling, ascending, descending and rotating, and the scenery can be changed quickly. Among them, the main stage has six lifting platforms, which can be lifted as a whole or independently. There are six platforms that can move horizontally on the left and right sides of the stage, and the scene can be moved by changing the position of the main stage lifting platform. Below the background, 0/5m away from the ground/kloc-there is a ballet table. After the lifting platform of the main stage descends, the ballet stage can be moved to the main stage for ballet performance. The table top is made of Oregon wood, and the three-layer structure is used to increase elasticity and protect the ballet dancer's toes. This is also the largest seamless ballet platform in China, and the platform can be tilted by 5.7 degrees. Due to the limitation of dome height, the stage and part of the auditorium are located underground. The door above the stage is 32 meters high. Derrick, light bridge and light crossing bridge are suspended in the air with wire ropes. 6 1 Electric suspenders, 78 track single-point cranes, 24 free single-point cranes, light bridges, light hanger decorations 1588 lamps for performance above the stage of the Opera House. Lighting responds quickly and the shape can be changed in a few seconds. There are more than 60 suspenders and curtains at the top of the stage, which can create different performance scenes.

The orchestra pit covers an area of 1.20 square meters, which can accommodate a 90-person three-wind band, and can also be raised to the level of the audience to become an audience. In the orchestra pit, a special lifting platform is specially designed for the conductor, and the conductor can make a curtain call in this special way.

The Opera House installed an arc-shaped metal mesh on the wall, and the sound can pass through the metal mesh, and the wall behind the metal mesh is polygonal, thus forming a visual arc and polygonal auditory space, realizing the perfect combination of architectural acoustics and theater aesthetics, and its reverberation time is 1.6 seconds, which meets the performance requirements of opera and ballet.

The Opera House has 6 single dressing rooms, 6 single and double dressing rooms, 18 Chinese dressing rooms, 2 command lounges, 6 large dressing rooms for bands and 8 piano practice rooms.

Stage size of opera house

Abutment width:18.6m; ; Abutment height: 14M

Main stage width: 32.6 meters; Main stage depth: 32.6m.

Clear height of stage: 32M;;

Width of left and right platforms: 21.6m; ; Depth of left and right platforms: 25.8m.

Rear stage width: 24.6 meters; Rear stage width: 23.6m.

[Edit this paragraph] Concert Hall

The Concert Hall of the National Grand Theatre is located on the east side of the Opera House. It mainly plays large-scale symphonies and folk music, taking into account other forms of music performances.

The auditorium of the concert hall surrounds the stage, with a pool seat on the first floor and a balcony on the second floor. * * * Audience 1859 (including chorus area). The podium is located at one side of the audience hall. The rostrum is 24 meters wide and 15 meters deep, which can accommodate a band of 120 people. There are three lifting platforms in the performance stage, and there is a piano lifting platform in the front of the performance stage. The surrounding digital wall is like a standing piano key, and its concave and convex size and shape are accurately calculated by number theory, making the sound diffusion and reflection uniform and soft. At the back of the stage, there is an auditorium chorus area with 180 people singing.

The organ in the concert hall is the largest organ in China at present, with 94 taps and 6,500 sound pipes. Johannes Chrissy, a famous German organ manufacturer family, is a member of the famous organ department of Cologne Cathedral in Germany, which can meet the performance needs of different genres of works.

The irregular white relief on the ceiling of the concert hall is like undulating sand dunes and beaches washed by waves, which is conducive to the spread of sound. In order to achieve the perfect sound effect, a turtle-shaped centralized anti-sound board is hung under the ceiling to disperse the sound in all directions.

The top, wall, floor, stage, seats and organ of the concert hall are harmoniously and beautifully matched, conveying the extraordinary temperament of the concert hall everywhere, and its reverberation time is 2.2 seconds, realizing the perfect combination of architectural aesthetics and acoustic aesthetics.

The concert hall has two conductor lounge suites, two single dressing rooms, four single dressing rooms, six China dressing rooms, seven big dressing rooms for bands and choirs, 65,438+00 piano practice room and 65,438+0 organ practice room.

[Edit this paragraph] Theater

Theater is the most national theater of the National Grand Theatre, creating a theater atmosphere with China characteristics. The theater is mainly used for traditional Chinese opera (including Beijing opera and various local operas), drama and folk songs and dances. The auditorium has a pool seat on the first floor and a balcony on the third floor, with a total of 957 spectators (excluding the orchestra pit).

This theater has the most advanced stage in the world. The stage can be changed from a frame stage to a telescopic stage, with a main stage, left and right auxiliary stages and a back stage. The drum turntable on the main stage consists of 13 lifting blocks and 2 lifting platforms, which can be lifted as a whole or independently. This drum turntable is unique in the world, and it can achieve the stage effect of rotating while lifting. The unique lip extension design is in line with the characteristics of traditional drama performance in China.

The theater has five single dressing rooms, eight Chinese dressing rooms and three large dressing rooms, a band conductor lounge, three large dressing rooms for bands and four piano practice rooms.

[Edit this paragraph] Small theater

[5] The small theater is located on the west side of the south gate of the National Grand Theatre, with 556 seats, providing performances such as chamber music, small solo, little theatre drama and modern dance. The overall tone of the small theater is fresh and elegant. White embossed ceiling, MLS sound diffusion wall, partition wall with heat and sound insulation effect, and various tailor-made designs can make the sound diffuse and reflect evenly and softly, highlighting the natural vocal effect.

The small theater adopts the end stage and consists of two lifting platforms, which can be lifted as a whole or separately as needed. The two walls behind the stage-the soundproof wall and the floor-to-ceiling tempered glass wall-look ordinary, but they are "ingenious". Both walls can be folded and contracted to the left and right ends. When they are fully open, the outdoor sinking square of more than 500 square meters is like a back garden with a hole in the sky. The outdoor square of the stage of the National Grand Theatre can be used as the background of the performance, or it can be directly integrated into the performance as a stage. The combination of indoor and outdoor not only greatly broadens the stage, makes the performance forms more flexible and diverse, but also provides artists with more imagination and space to play.

The small theater has a total of 556 seats, including electric telescopic stands 14 rows and 4 1 1 seats, and 5 rows of movable seats 145 seats, which can be flexibly adjusted according to the repertoire. The small theater has advanced lighting and audio equipment, which can fully meet the needs of the current performance positioning. There are also 6 dressing rooms and 1 piano room.

[Edit this paragraph] Supporting facilities

The theater facilities in the Grand Theatre are complete, and there are five rehearsal halls between the three theaters, which can be used separately. The comprehensive rehearsal hall can be used for comprehensive rehearsal and observation rehearsal of plays; Two rehearsal halls, one for martial arts students of dance and drama, with good floor flexibility; One is specially used for band rehearsal, and the reverberation time in the hall is adjustable; The two small rehearsal halls are mainly used for division rehearsals. Each theater also has a dressing room, a command lounge, a piano practice room, an actor waiting area, a dressing room, a clothes ironing room, a prop room, an actor lounge and other supporting facilities. Among them, there are 72 ordinary dressing rooms, VIP dressing rooms 18, 23 piano practice rooms, VIP rooms 10 and 5 rehearsal rooms. The stage technical room is equipped with audio control room, lighting control room, dimming equipment room, audio equipment room and camera room. The Grand Theatre has a centralized audio-visual production center, including a large recording studio, a simultaneous recording studio, a television relay studio and an audio-visual post-production studio. The Grand Theatre has a large painting room, set up scenery hanging and painting equipment, scenery, props renovation room and scenery warehouse, and two lifting platforms for container transportation.

In the National Centre for the Performing Arts, there are three major professional theaters and a small experimental theater, as well as underwater promenade, exhibition hall, olive hall, book and information center, press release hall, rooftop activity area, souvenir shop, coffee shop and other activity areas.

[Edit this paragraph] Internal facilities

The main building of the National Centre for the Performing Arts consists of the external envelope and the internal opera house, concert hall, theatre, public hall and supporting rooms. There are three buildings on the ground floor: opera house, concert hall and theater, which are separated by roads and connected by suspended walkways. It seems that the ground building on the water is a huge shell, covering, shielding, surrounding and illuminating all the halls and passages. The reflection of the building in the water constitutes the external landscape of the Grand Theatre. The main building of the National Grand Theatre is surrounded by an artificial lake, surrounded by a cultural and leisure square composed of large green spaces. The artificial lake covers an area of 35,500 square meters, with a water depth of 40 cm. The 35,000-square-meter pool is divided into 22 compartments. The compartment design is not only convenient for maintenance, but also saves water and is beneficial to safety. Each grid is relatively independent, but it maintains the overall consistency in appearance. In order to ensure that the water in the pool "does not freeze in winter and algae does not grow in summer", a set of water circulation system named "Central Liquid Cold and Heat Source Environmental System Control" is adopted. The structure of the National Grand Theatre consists of three functional areas. North entrance and underground garage; Functional areas include opera house, theater, concert hall, etc. South entrance, restaurant, computer room and other service areas.

[Edit this paragraph] Audience

There will be air conditioning outlets under each seat in the audience. When watching the performance, the audience can not feel the existence of airflow, but can enjoy the comfort brought by air conditioning. Moreover, downward flow's design can adjust the air temperature within two meters from the ground. Compared with the traditional central air conditioning, it not only saves energy greatly, but also does not produce the noise of central air conditioning.

In addition, the seat is equipped with a silencer, so even if the audience leaves the seat and folds the chair in half, it will not make a sound.

[Edit this paragraph] The best of the National Grand Theatre

The largest dome in the world

The steel structure of the whole shell of the National Grand Theatre weighs 6,475 tons, and the east-west long axis spans 2 12.2 meters, which is the largest dome in the world at present.

The deepest building in Beijing

The deepest underground of the National Grand Theatre is -32.5 meters, which is equivalent to digging a 10 floor underground. It is the deepest building in Beijing.

The largest organ in Asia

The organ in the concert hall has 6,500 sound pipes, which is the largest organ in Asia and costs 30 million yuan.

[Edit this paragraph] List of Arts Committees of the National Grand Theatre

List of Artistic Directors of National Grand Theatre

Drama director: Xu;

Dance director: Zhao Ruheng;

Music Director: Chen Zuohuang;

[Edit this paragraph] Designer profile

Paul andreu (1938) was born in Gondion near Bordeaux. He graduated from French Institute of Engineering (196 1), French Institute of Road and Bridge (1963) and Paris Academy of Fine Arts (1968). 1967, he designed the circular terminal of Paris Charles de Gaulle Airport. Since then, as the chief architect of Paris Airport Company, he has designed international airports such as Nice, Jakarta, Cairo and Shanghai, and the basic concept of Kansai International Airport in Japan also comes from Andrew. He participated in the construction of many large-scale projects, such as the Grand Arch in the Paris Defense Zone and the French terminal of the Anglo-French Cross-Harbour Tunnel. From 65438 to 0999, the Paris Airport Company led by Andrew cooperated with Tsinghua University. After two rounds of competition and three revisions, it won the bid in 69 schemes of 36 design units in the National Grand Theatre International Competition. July 1999 was selected as the final construction scheme. Andrew once said, "I want to break the tradition of China. When you want to go to the theater, you just want to enter a dream place. " . Andrew described his work this way ―― the huge hemisphere is like a seed of life. "What the National Centre for the Performing Arts wants to express is the inner vitality, which is the inner vitality under the external tranquility. A simple "eggshell" breeds life. This is my design soul: shell, life and openness. "

[Edit this paragraph] Debate and criticism

This design scheme has never stopped being controversial since the day it won the first prize in the bidding. The relationship between cost, environmental protection and environment has always been the focus of debate.

The construction scheme of the National Grand Theatre has been criticized by some academicians, architects and architects. The huge cost and the artistic form of architectural design are worrying. The giant shell covers four theaters, which is unnecessary from the performance function and causes great consumption; Big pool is also an uneconomical behavior.

The National Grand Theatre is nicknamed "Eggshell" by Beijing residents. This project of the National Centre for the Performing Arts can be said to be one of the most amazing works. Before bidding, the jury put forward three principles: the theater at first sight, the Grand Theatre in China and the Grand Theatre near Tiananmen Square at first sight. These three principles are inconsistent. According to Hu Shaoxue of Tsinghua University Architectural Design Institute, the reason for choosing the current scheme is "to have a new mentality" ... judging from all the schemes collected at that time, they are actually pursuing novelty. The incongruity between its external shape and the architectural style of the nearby Forbidden City and the adjacent Great Hall of the People is also the focus of debate and criticism, which is considered as a dispute of "modernity" rather than "tradition". In addition, it is dusty and windy in Beijing, and it is difficult to clean large-arc buildings.

The total investment of the National Grand Theatre is 2,688.38 million yuan, and the number of seats in the three major theaters of the Grand Theatre project has been determined to be 5,473, with an average cost of nearly 500,000 seats. According to the average cost of each Hope Primary School of 250,000 yuan (according to Zhejiang standards), the total investment of the National Centre for the Performing Arts can build 5,473× 2 =10496 Hope Primary Schools. According to the statistics of experts' experience, the operation and maintenance cost of the National Grand Theatre after its completion is extremely alarming. The monthly electricity bill alone needs 4 million yuan, which can build 16 Hope Primary Schools.

Since the establishment of 1989, China Youth Development Foundation has received more than 2.2 billion yuan in donations from home and abroad in 15 years, helping more than 2.5 million poor students to go to school and building 9,508 hope primary schools. Out of every 65,438+000 rural primary schools, 2 are Hope primary schools. (February 24th, 2004 (China Youth Foundation NewsletterNo. 1). By comparison, it can be seen that the investment in the construction of the National Centre for the Performing Arts is more than the fund-raising of Project Hope 15. If this money is invested in rural education, it can be equivalent to the results of 15 "Hope Project".

The north entrance of the National Grand Theatre is connected with the Tiananmen West Station of the subway. There is a ticket office at the entrance. After walking through the sparkling and dreamy 80-meter underwater corridor, you can take the escalator from the Olive Hall and enter the public hall inside the Grand Theatre. There are three professional theaters in front of you: the opera house in the middle, the concert hall in the east and the theater in the west. The three war zones are relatively independent and can be connected with each other through air corridors. The Opera House, with 2398 seats (including standing seats), mainly performs operas and dance dramas. Concert Hall 20 19 (including standing seats) is used to play large symphonies and folk music; The theater has 1035 seats (including standing seats), mainly performing operas and plays.

The National Grand Theatre 1998 was officially approved by the State Council. In the process of construction, seven technical problems have been overcome and remarkable achievements have been made. The National Grand Theatre is the largest symbolic cultural facility invested and built by the China Municipal Government in 2 1 century. The construction of the National Grand Theatre is a full demonstration of the country's increasing comprehensive strength since the reform and opening up. It is an important measure to build advanced socialist culture, strengthen spiritual civilization and promote the all-round development of a harmonious society. It is an important measure to implement the national cultural development strategy and protect the national cultural heritage; It is also an inevitable requirement for improving the function of the capital, prospering cultural and artistic undertakings and meeting the growing cultural needs of the people. Its completion and use will be the symbol of urban civilization level, the embodiment of the country's comprehensive strength and the symbol of contemporary excellent culture. The future Grand Theatre will also promote the development of China's culture and arts and cultural exchanges with foreign countries from a brand-new starting point.