Sanxingdui Tour Guide (6)

Sanxingdui Tour Guide: The upper part of the high-handled bean is a disk-shaped body, which is mainly used to hold (cheng2) food. The lower part is a trumpet-shaped ring foot. Connecting the two is a tubular bean handle (ba4). Some bean handles are as long as more than 70 meters.

Centimeter, this is a very clever and practical living utensil designed by the ancient people who sat on the floor to facilitate their lives.

There is also an eye engraved on the base of this high-handled bean. The eye graphic appears frequently on Sanxingdui cultural relics and must have a profound meaning.

The three-legged cooking utensil may be an appliance used by the ancients to steam and cook food. The three legs stand in a tripartite position. The feet can be used to light a fire and heat the food. The three legs are hollow and connected to the mouth. They can hold a large amount of water. The wide plate can be used to hold (cheng2)

) water or place food, its huge body and unique shape are very rare.

The shapes of the pottery Gai Niu unearthed at Sanxingdui are lifelike, lively and lovely. In terms of shape, there are lotus-shaped, cockscomb-shaped, and some are like the roof of a mosque. The cover part is made of wheels, and the Niu part is made of

Hand-kneaded molding fully demonstrates the rich imagination and superb skills of Sanxingdui's unknown craftsmen.

Hundreds of "bird-head handle (ba4) spoons" were unearthed from the site. Most of the spoon bodies were damaged, leaving only the "spoon handle (ba4)" with a bird's head shape.

The bird's curved hooked beak is very similar to that of an osprey.

Academic circles believe that the ancient Shu Kingdom of Sanxingdui may have a close connection with the legendary third-generation King of Shu, Yufu. This large number of bird-headed spoon handles is one of the very important evidences.

Sanxingdui's pottery, with its unpretentious qualities, reproduces the vivid animation of the daily life of the ancient Shu people, and played a huge role in the dating of the Sanxingdui site and the staging of the Sanxingdui culture.

Unit 4: Using jade to communicate with gods—Sanxingdui jade artifacts Jade artifacts have a unique position in the history of the Chinese nation.

Since the late Neolithic Age, my country's jade industry has been very developed. During this period, the jade wares of the Liangzhu Culture were the most famous. The spectacular jade artifacts draw people's attention to the mysterious ancient Shu Kingdom of Sanxingdui.

The ancients believed that "beautiful stones are jade." These stones from the Duck River in the north of the site were all raw materials used by the ancients to make jade tools.

Most of the Sanxingdui jade stone materials come from Maoxian, Wenchuan and Dujiangyan in Sichuan.

The smooth cutting marks on the surface of the stone are probably the handwriting left by our ancestors thousands of years ago.

Jade is hard and the molding process is complicated. In the Sanxingdui site, we have not found any tools left behind for making jade wares. So what tools did the ancient Shu people use to process jade wares in the Bronze Age? Sanxingdui is a complete set.

The exquisite jade ware fully demonstrates the superb skills, great patience and perseverance of the skilled craftsmen. The ancient Shu Kingdom in the Shang Dynasty already had a certain scale of jade processing workshops.

"The Rites of Zhou" states: "Use jade to make six utensils to pay homage to the four directions of heaven and earth. Use blue jade to pay homage to the sky, yellow cong (cóng) to pay homage to the earth; use green gui to pay homage to the east, red canopy to pay homage to the south; use white amber (hǔ) to pay homage to the south.

According to the record "Xuan Huang (huáng) worshiped the North in the West", it can be seen that jade tools were widely used in ancient China to worship gods (shen2) and worship heaven and earth.

Most of the jade wares in Sanxingdui are ceremonial items with strong religious and sacrificial colors.

The chisel is originally a tool, but the jade chisels in Sanxingdui are carefully selected and processed beautifully, with no traces of use. In particular, the "chisels" in Pit No. 2 were all placed in copper lei (léi) when they were unearthed, proving that

These jade tools are ritual vessels dedicated to the gods during sacrifices.

A large number of finely processed tools and weapons were unearthed from the site, including spears, pounds, axes, knives, swords and other utensils, which also have no practical value. The blades were as sharp as new when they were unearthed, and most of them were found in sacrificial pits. They should also be used as gifts.

device.

Ritual jade weapons and tools are important features of Sanxingdui jade culture.

Although the front of this jade sword is broken, it is still very precious.

In ancient times, a bronze dagger was popular in Sichuan, which was called "Willow Leaf Sword" because it resembles a willow leaf.

In the past, people always believed that it became popular late and originated from other regions. However, the unearthing of the Sanxingdui jade sword proved that the willow leaf sword probably originated from Shu.

Now, some scholars have put forward a novel opinion: they believe that although "Willow Leaf Sword" has been called "Liu Ye Jian" for many years, its correct name should be "Bamboo Leaf Sword".

To be honest, the shape of this sword looks more like a bamboo leaf than a willow leaf. Judging from the lush bamboo forests all over Sichuan, perhaps the ancient Shu ancestors modeled this sword on the shape of a bamboo leaf.

Among the jade ritual vessels in Sanxingdui, Ge and Zhang (zhāng) have the largest number.

"Ge" is originally a weapon, but these Ges made of jade are finely processed, extremely thin, and have no lethality. When they were unearthed, the blades were intact and had no traces of use. They should be used for ceremonial purposes.

Utensils can enhance the momentum in religious ceremonies or performances, and are used to exorcise evil spirits and suppress demons in activities such as worshiping ancestors and inviting gods to come.

The ancients believed that "the sky is round and the earth is round", and this concept was embodied in ritual utensils.

The main purpose of this kind of cong, which is square on the outside and round on the inside, is to worship the earth.

Cong is a typical artifact of the Liangzhu culture in the lower reaches of the Yangtze River. Its appearance in Sanxingdui shows that the two places had cultural exchanges very early.

There are many round objects among the jade objects in Sanxingdui, namely: Bi, Yuan and Huan.