Traditional Well Types in China and Its Enlightenment

The Shang Dynasty was about 3000 years ago. Although it has a long history, it has a profound cultural heritage and many exquisite cultural relics. The characteristics of Shang cultural relics are as follows:

1. Bronzes are widely used. Shang is also called the Bronze Age, because the smelting technology has been greatly improved. In addition to the earliest model casting method, there are also lost wax methods that can pour dense patterns and welding methods that cast huge and complex vessels, resulting in a wide variety of bronzes in Shang Dynasty, including ritual vessels, food vessels, wine vessels, musical instruments and weapons. As an object used by rulers to distinguish status and rank, ritual vessels are typical representatives of ancient bronze wares in China.

2. The pattern has been improved, and an unprecedented gluttonous road has appeared. Cultural relics in Shang dynasty are mainly suitable for individual patterns, that is, gluttonous patterns. Or the gluttony composed of double-prose, gluttony is mainly based on the head. The most important sign is that there are always a pair of staring eyes in the decoration, and there are convex lines above the eyes, while the nose is often on the central axis or corner line of the object, without a chin, and sometimes two powerful horns or triangular ears are added. There are often two horizontal dragon patterns on both sides of the animal's face, and all the gluttonous patterns are expressed in a positive form.

3. Most patterns are symmetrical. In the pattern format, the balanced format often produces a sense of liveliness, while the symmetrical format produces a sense of solemnity. The symmetrical expression on the front of the animal's face can more strongly contrast the solemn atmosphere of the bronze ritual vessels. On the other hand, bronze is modular, and the symmetrical design can be more neat and accurate.

4. The decoration of Shang Dynasty mostly used the combination of staple food and ground food. Gluttonous patterns are the main patterns, and palindromes are ground patterns, which not only reflect the exquisite production of bronzes in the late Shang Dynasty, but also are the artistic characteristics of decoration in the late Shang Dynasty.

5. The decorative method of bronze wares in Shang dynasty, this method of carving flowers, has reached a delicate level in the later period, adding layering with three layers of patterns. The so-called three-layer grain is to carve thin lines on the wheel thickness grain or the main grain in addition to the main grain and the ground grain. This method is also called. Triple method? .

6. The decorative patterns of arts and crafts in Shang Dynasty often have the color of religious superstition, which is the embodiment of the spiritual strength of majesty, mystery and awe, and its religious significance is greater than aesthetic significance.