Qingming Riverside Drawing ...

Full image courtesy: /shoucang/qingming.htm

Qingming Shanghe Tu, the only surviving masterpiece of the Northern Song Dynasty painter Zhang Zeduan, is now in the Palace Museum in Beijing.

Zhang Zeduan, the word Zhengdao, Dongwu (now Shandong Zhucheng). Zhang Zeduan was a native of Dongwu (present-day Zhucheng, Shandong Province). He studied painting in Bianjing and then took up painting as an apprentice during the reign of Emperor Zhao Ji of Song Dynasty (1101-1124). He specialized in the Chinese painting technique of drawing lines with a boundary brush and a straight ruler, which was used to represent subjects such as palaces, buildings, platforms, houses, etc. He was especially good at painting boats and carts, marketplaces, bridges, streets, and citadels. His paintings are unique and distinctive. Most of Zhang Zeduan's paintings have been dispersed, but only the scroll "Qingming Shanghe Tu" has been preserved intact. The painting is 25 and a half centimeters high and 525 centimeters long. This painting depicts the prosperous scene of Bianjing during the Qingming Festival, which is the witness of Bianjing's prosperity in that year and also a reflection of the economic situation of the city in the Northern Song Dynasty. Through this painting, we understand the urban landscape of the Northern Song Dynasty and the life of people of all classes at that time. In short, "Qingming Riverside Drawing" has a very high historical value.

Bianjing was very prosperous during the Northern Song Dynasty, with four rivers running through the city and four land routes, which was the center of land and water transportation in the country, and the commercial development was the first in the country, with a population of more than one million at that time. There were many lively markets in Bianjing with various stores and even night markets. During the New Year festivals, the capital was even more lively. In order to show the prosperity of the capital, Zhang Zeduan chose the scene of Qingming, which is an important festival, for 59 expression. The Qingming Riverside Painting focuses on the busy scene of land and water transportation and the market in the capital of the Northern Song Dynasty.

The center of the painting consists of a rainbow-shaped bridge and the street of Qiaotou Avenue. At a cursory glance, there is a clutter of people; at a closer look, these are people of different trades engaged in a variety of activities. On the west side of the bridge there are some vendors and many tourists. There are knives, scissors and groceries on the stalls. There are tea sellers and fortune tellers. Many tourists were leaning against the railings on the side of the bridge, either pointing or watching the boats going in and out of the river. Bridge in the middle of the sidewalk, is a bustling flow of people; there are sedan chair, horseback riding, there are picking the burden, there are driving donkeys to carry goods, there are pushing the unicycle ...... bridge south and the street is connected. On both sides of the street are teahouses, taverns, pawnshops, workshops. Street on both sides of the open space and many open umbrella vendors. The street stretches to the east and west, all the way to the quieter suburbs outside the city, but the street is still full of pedestrians: there are picking burdens on the road, there are driving oxcarts to deliver goods, there are driving donkeys pulling trucks, and there are stopping to enjoy the scenery of Bianhe River.

There are a lot of boats coming and going on the Bianhe River, which can be described as a thousand sails and a hundred boats competing for the flow. Some of them are moored near the wharf and some are traveling in the river. Some of the big boat due to the load is too heavy, the owner hired a lot of slender man in pulling the boat traveling. A large ship carrying cargo had already sailed under the bridge and was soon to cross the bridge. At this time, the boatmen on this big boat looked very busy. Some stood on the top of the canopy, drop the sail; some on the side of the boat to vigorously support Penny; some with the Penny against the roof of the bridge hole, so that the boat safely through the water. This tense scene, attracted the attention of the bridge tourists and neighboring boatmen, who stood aside shouting and cheering. Qingming Riverside Painting" depicts the busy and tense transportation scene on the Bianhe River vividly, which adds to the life atmosphere of the painting.

Zhang Zeduan has a high degree of artistic generalization, which makes "Qingming Riverside" reach a high artistic standard. The richness of the Qingming Riverside Scroll, its many figures, and its grand scale are all unprecedented. The picture of "Qingming Shanghe Tu" is sparse and organized, drawing from the quiet suburbs all the way to the bustling markets of the city, which is fascinating at every turn.

Before the Northern Song Dynasty, China's figure paintings were mainly about religion and aristocratic life. Although Zhang Zeduan served in the Hanlin Painting Academy and created works called "courtyard paintings" or "courtyard paintings," he extended his brush to the lives of people from all walks of life and created social customs paintings depicting urban and rural life. In Qingming Shanghe Tu, a large number of figures of various kinds are depicted. Moreover, Zhang Zeduan's movements and expressions of each character are very realistic and vivid. This fully demonstrates that Zhang Zeduan's accumulation of life is very rich, and his creative skills are very skillful.

Detailed description of Qingming Riverside Scroll

The Qingming Riverside Scroll, a custom painting work of the Northern Song Dynasty. Heirloom masterpiece, first-class national treasure. Qingming Riverside Scroll is one of the most famous works in the history of Chinese painting, not only the high level of art, but also many interesting stories have been passed down around it.

The Qingming Riverside Scroll records the buildings and livelihoods of the suburbs of Bianjing (present-day Kaifeng), the capital city of the late Northern Song Dynasty, and both sides of the Bianhe River in the city with exquisite brushwork. The painting depicts the prosperous scenes and natural scenery of Bianliang, the capital of the Northern Song Dynasty, and both sides of the Bian River during the Qingming Festival. The work is in the form of a long scroll, adopting the composition method of scattered perspective, incorporating complicated scenes into a unified and rich in changeable picture, with more than 500 characters in the painting, dressed differently, with different looks, interspersed with various activities, focusing on drama, sparse and dense composition, focusing on the sense of rhythm and changes in rhythm, and skillful brushwork and ink strokes. The whole picture is divided into three paragraphs.

The first paragraph is about the spring scenery of Bianjing countryside:

In the sparse forests and mists, there are a few thatched cottages, grass bridges, running water, old trees and flat boats. Two footmen drove five donkeys carrying charcoal towards the city. A piece of willow forest, the branches have just been green, so that people feel that although it is a cold spring, but the earth has returned to spring. On the road, a sedan chair, sitting inside a woman. The top of the sedan chair is decorated with willow flowers, and the sedan chair is followed by horseback riders and burden bearers, who are returning from the outskirts of the capital to sweep the graves. The description of the environment and the characters points out the specific time and custom of the Qingming Festival, and unfolds the prologue for the whole painting.

Middle section, busy Bianhe River dock:

Bianhe River is the hub of waterway and commercial transportation in Northern Song Dynasty, and we can see that there are people in the teahouse, fortune-telling and dining in the restaurant, as well as "Wang's Paper Horse". There is also "Wang's Paper Horse Shop", which sells offerings for the grave, and the ships in the river are in contact with each other, or the slender man pulling, or the boatman sculling, and some of them are full of goods, swimming upstream, and some of them are anchored on the bank and unloading the goods nervously. Across the Bianhe River is a magnificent wooden arch bridge, it is a delicate structure, beautiful form. It looks like a rainbow, so it is called Rainbow Bridge. There is a big boat is waiting to cross the bridge. Boatmen have bamboo poles to support; have a long pole hooked to the bridge; have hemp rope to hold the boat; there are a few people are busy putting down the mast, so that the boat through. The men in the neighboring boats were also pointing and shouting something. Both inside and outside the boat were busy with the boat crossing the bridge. People on the bridge are also sweating over the tense situation of crossing the bridge. This is the famous Hongqiao wharf area, which is bustling with traffic and is a veritable meeting point for land and water transportation.

The back section, the bustling downtown streets:

Centered on the tall Citadel, the houses lined up on both sides are tea houses, liquor stores, foot stores, butcher stores, temples, public houses and so on. Stores have damask and silk, jewelry and spices, incense and paper horses, etc., in addition to medical clinics, car repair, fortune-telling, face-lifting, all walks of life, all kinds of trades, the big stores also tie the head of the door "colorful building happy door", hanging banners, solicitation of business, the market pedestrians, shoulder to shoulder, the endless flow of people, there are businessmen and merchants, there are watching the street scene merchants, there are looking at the streetscape of the gentry, officials on horseback, there are hawkers, there is a sedan chair for everyone's family, there are carrying a basket of walking monks, there are asking for directions to the countryside tourists, there are hearing the book of the streets and alleys of the children, there are restaurants in the wild drinking of the son of the rich and powerful, there is the side of the city begging for the disabled old people, men and women, young and old, the scholar-peasants, industrialists and businessmen, the three religions and nine streams, everything is not available. Transportation means of delivery: sedan chair, camel, oxen and horse-drawn carts, rickshaws, pinto cars, flathead cars, all shapes and sizes, all kinds of things. Drawing colors and shapes in front of people's eyes.

Totaling more than five meters in the scroll, *** painted more than five hundred and fifty colorful characters, cattle, horses, mules, donkeys and other livestock five, sixty horses, cars, bridges more than twenty, the size of the ship more than twenty. Houses, bridges and citadels also have their own characteristics, reflecting the architecture of the Song Dynasty. Zhang Zeduan's Qingming Shanghe Tu is a realistic custom painting depicting a corner of Bianjing City in the Northern Song Dynasty, with high historical value and artistic level.

There are many paintings named "Qingming Riverside Drawing" in the history of painting, but there is only one real copy after all. After many scholars, experts on this topic, we basically the same opinion, are now hidden in the Palace Museum in Beijing, this is the original work of the Northern Song Dynasty Zhang Zeduan. Other paintings of the same name, are later facsimiles or fake Zhang Zeduan's fabrication.

Now the Palace Museum in Beijing collection of this scroll on the frame, there is no painter's own seal, to confirm its author for Zhang Zeduan, according to the painting behind the trellis in the Jin Dynasty Zhang Zhu a paragraph of the inscription. Zhang's inscription is only a few words: "Hanlin Zhang Zeduan, the word is Road, Dongwu (now Shandong Zhucheng) people. Young reading, traveling in Beijing, after learning to paint things, the work of its boundary painting, especially interested in the boat and car city bridge Guo Path, don't become a family number also." However, Zhang Zeduan's name does not appear in the late Northern Song Dynasty into the book "Xuanhe painting", some people speculate that he may enter the Academy of Painting time is late, the writer is too late to be included in the book.

The Qingming Riverside Drawing has a great artistic charm in the details of its depiction! Facsimile paintings are beautifully produced, but also a commercial art, it is more your collection, give friends and family the perfect art gift!

Bai Shouyi as adviser to the "General History of China (color book)" on the "Qingming Shanghe Tu" evaluation of the volume painted more than 500 characters, livestock more than 50, a variety of vehicles and ships more than 20 ships, many houses, props countless, the scene is huge, paragraphs and paragraphs, structured, methodical. Skillful techniques, meticulous brushwork, strong lines, heavy and sophisticated. Reflects the highly refined painting skills and outstanding artistic achievements. At the same time, because of the painting for the social record, for later generations to understand the study of the Song Dynasty urban social life provides important historical information.

The Concise Encyclopedia of Britain, in the article "Zhang Zeduan", evaluates "Qingming Riverside Scroll" as a custom scroll with important historical value. The artist successfully depicted the life of all social classes in Bianjing city and its suburbs during the Qingming Festival. The main representation is of laborers and small citizens. The interrelationships among figures, buildings, transportation, trees and water flow are handled very skillfully with a strong sense of wholeness, which is of great historical value. Since then, the urban customs paintings of all generations have been influenced by them.

The monumental masterpiece "Qingming Riverside" painted by Zhang Zeduan, a famous painter of the Northern Song Dynasty, is a priceless treasure in the history of Chinese painting. It is a long-scroll custom painting created with realism, which vividly reproduces the prosperity of Bianjing in the Northern Song Dynasty through the detailed depiction of the market life.

Zhang Zeduan (张择端), with the character Zhengdao (正道), was a painter at the intersection of the Northern and Southern Song dynasties, and a native of Dongwu (present-day Zhucheng, Shandong Province). The painting "Qingming Riverside" was made by Zhang Zeduan when he was a painter in the Hanlin Painting Academy of the Song Dynasty, during the reign of Emperor Huizong. The scroll is on silk, lightly colored, and measures 24.8 centimeters high and 528.7 centimeters long.

After completing this scroll, Zhang Zeduan first presented it to Emperor Huizong of the Song Dynasty. Song Huizong thus became the first collector of this painting. As a great master of calligraphy and painting in Chinese history, Song Huizong loved this painting and inscribed the five characters "Qingming Riverside Scroll" on the picture with his famous "thin gold style" calligraphy, and inscribed a double-dragon small seal (unknown today).

This world-renowned masterpiece has been played and appreciated by countless collectors and connoisseurs for more than 800 years after its birth, and it is the target of the emperors and dignitaries of the later generations to seize it by hook or by crook. It has been tossed and turned, after several wars, through all the hardships ...... it has been five times into the palace, four times stolen out of the palace, through the hardships, deduce many legendary stories.

Ming Jiajing three years (1524), "Qingming Riverside Drawing" transferred to the hands of the Changzhou people Lu finished (Lu finished the word Quanqing, Chenghua years in the scholar, the official to the Prince Shao Bao, Secretary of the Ministry of the Army, the name of the moment). Ming dynasty Li Rihua "taste water Xuan diary" contains: after the death of Lu finished, his wife will be "Qingming Shanghe Tu" sewn into the pillow, not away from the body half a step, as if the life of the family, and even the biological son is not allowed to see. Mrs. Lu has a nephew Wang Mou, well-spoken, very good at pleasing the lady. Wang Mou is good at painting, more like celebrities painting and calligraphy, will dig into the lady begged to borrow to see the "Qingming Shanghe Tu". After repeated pleas, Mrs. reluctantly agreed, but he was not allowed to bring pen and inkstone, only allowed him to appreciate in the attic of Mrs., and not allowed to pass on to others know. Wang Mou gladly obeyed the order, to and from two or three months, after seeing more than ten times, actually copied a painting with a few like. At that time, the tyrannical and domineering minister Yan Song was searching around the "Qingming Riverside Drawing", the Royal Secretary Wang Li learned that, they spent 800 two silver from the hands of Wang Mou purchased a fake, offered to Yan Song. Yan Song's house has a framer Tang Chen, recognized the painting is a fake, they used to blackmail Wang Wei, so that it out of 40 two silver bribe himself, but Wang Wei to ignore it. Townsend was infuriated, in Yan Song banquets to celebrate, the old color on the map of water, Yan Song in front of the crowd in great embarrassment, and later they will look for an opportunity to kill the king of the Wang Li, the painting of the Wang was also implicated, was arrested and starved to death in prison.

In fact, after the death of Lu Wan, his son was anxious to wait for money, they will be "Qingming Riverside Drawing" sold to the Kunshan Gu Dinchen home, after being Yan Song father and son forced to ask. This before yan song did have entrusted wang jian to buy "famous paintings", wang jian also did buy suzhou wang piao copy of the offering to yan song, after being recognized.

Longqing, yan song father and son by the royal historian zou yinglong impeachment, finally the official power, yan shifan was beheaded, yan house was plagiarized, "qingming on the river" again in the palace.

"Riverside at Qingming" to the Qing Dynasty after the first by Lu Fei Edward (Anhui Xiangxiang people) collection. Lu Fei-chee was a scholar in the Qianlong period, and after he got the painting, he also inscribed a seal on it. It was later acquired by Bi Yuan. Bi Yuan (1730-1797), a native of Zhenyang (present-day Taicang, Jiangsu Province), was a scholar in the 25th year of the Qianlong reign (1760). Bi Yuan loved calligraphy and painting and had a rich collection at home. After he got the painting, he appreciated it with his brother, Bi Taki (a collector and connoisseur in the Qing Dynasty), and the painting now bears the marks of both of them.

Bi Yuan served in Guanzhong, the local cultural relics to repair and protect, but unexpectedly these became his "crime". Shortly after his death, the people of Hunan and Guangdong Province against the Qing Dynasty, the Qing Court that Bi Yuan as Governor of Hunan and Guangdong Province, "teach the bandits to make mistakes, abuse of military expenditure", not only will Bi family post taken away, but also will be killed his family of a hundred people, the family property was confiscated into the palace.

The Qing court will be "Qingming Riverside Drawing" after the palace, it will be collected in the Forbidden City, Yingchun Pavilion. The Jiaqing Emperor cherished it and ordered it to be included in the book "Shiqu Baoji Sanjiu". Since then, "Qingming Shanghe Tu" has been in the Qing dynasty palace collection, although experienced in 1860 the British and French allied forces as well as the eight allied forces in 1900 two invasions of Beijing, ransacked the palace, but actually escaped the calamity, are not damaged.

After 1911, "Qingming Riverside" together with other precious paintings and calligraphy, was the last emperor Puyi in the name of rewarding Pu Jie stolen out of the palace, first existed in the Tianjin Concession in the Zhang Garden. 1932, Puyi in the Japanese foster, the establishment of the pseudo-Manchuzhou state, so the painting was brought to Changchun, existed in the pseudo-royal palace in the east courtyard of the book building.

August 1945, the Second World War was nearing its end, and the end of the Japanese invaders had come. Puyi and his Japanese masters saw the big deal, they fled to the big chestnut ditch by plane, the pseudo-Manchu Palace was in a mess because of the fire. In the chaos, there are many people will take the opportunity to enter the palace "rob foreign fishing", the pseudo-palace of a large number of precious things will be in the turmoil scattered to the people, among them, there is the "Qingming Shanghe Tu".

In 1946, the People's Liberation Army liberated Changchun.

In 1946, the People's Liberation Army liberated Changchun, and the PLA cadre Zhang Kewei collected more than ten scrolls of precious paintings and calligraphy that had been dispersed from the Palace of the Pseudo-Manchu Manchu Empire through the local cadres, among which was the painting <>.

In 1947, Comrade Zhang Kewei was transferred to the Northeast Administrative Committee, and before his departure, he handed over these more than ten scrolls to Comrade Lin Feng, one of the main persons in charge of the opening of the Northeast Revolutionary Base Areas.

"Qingming Shanghe Tu" through the hands of Lin Feng into the Northeast Museum, and later transferred to the Palace Museum in Beijing treasures.

But in the Cultural Revolution, Lin Biao, one of the four generals, Li Zuopeng, had used the power of the "Qingming Riverside Drawing" forcibly "borrowed" from the Palace Museum, for his own. Together with Qiu Huizuo and Wu Faxian, he also seized a large number of other precious cultural relics. After the fall of Lin Biao, "Qingming Shanghe Tu" only to see the light of day, is still treasured in the National Palace Museum.

What exactly is painted on Qingming Shanghe Tu? Why has it remained so fascinating for thousands of years?

According to the statistics of "Humble Hall Literary Words - Volume 8" compiled by Saito Qian, there are 1,643 people and 208 animals on the Qingming Riverside Drawing, which is more than any of the characters depicted in the classical novels "Romance of the Three Kingdoms" (1,191), "Dream of the Red Chamber" (975), and "Water Margin" (787).

The whole map of "Qingming Shanghe Tu" can be divided into three segments; unfolding the map, the first thing you see is the scenery on the outskirts of Bianjing. The middle section mainly depicts the busy scenes on both sides of Shangtuqiao and Bianjiang River. The latter section depicts the street scene of downtown Bianjing. The characters are less than 3 centimeters in size, and the small ones are as small as bean grains, but if you take a closer look at them, you will find that all of them are in perfect shape, and they are very interesting and interesting.

"Qingming Riverside Drawing" is as big as the field, the river, and the commercial corridor, and as small as the characters of boats and vehicles, stores, furnishings, and the text of the market all unite together, which is real and natural, and makes people feel as if they were in the realm of reality. The whole work is long but not redundant, busy but not chaotic, tight and compact, like a breath of fresh air, fully demonstrated the painter Zhang Zeduan's excellent penpower, worthy of the Chinese art treasure trove of rare treasures.

According to the map after the Ming Li Dongyang's inscription, "Qingming Shanghe Tu" should be a section of the front of the painting of the remote suburbs of the landscape, and Song Huizong thin gold characters signed and his collection of double-dragon seal seal, and now these have disappeared on the painting. There are two reasons, one may be because this picture has been circulated for too long, by countless people play with the hands of appreciation, the beginning part of the bad, so the descendants of the framing will be cut off; One may be due to the Song Huizong inscription and double dragon seal value, the descendants of the intention to cut it off, for another painting sold.

There are also many experts guessed that the second half of "Qingming Shanghe Tu" lost a large part of the anonymous, because the painting should not just enter the city of Kaifeng and then end abruptly, but should be painted to the Jinming Pond.

Shanghetu on the River During Qingming Festival

On ancient Chinese paintings and calligraphy, in addition to the author's inscriptions and inscriptions, there are often collectors' inscriptions and inscriptions. There is such a famous painting in China, which is signed with many people's inscriptions and stamped with densely packed seals of connoisseurship. It can be seen that it has passed through the hands of many official and private collectors. This is the famous "Qingming Shanghe Tu". It has been through eight or nine hundred years of the vicissitudes of time, suffering, some collectors for its misfortune, the work was finally spared and preserved.

The author of "Qingming Shanghe Tu" is the Song dynasty painter Zhang Zeduan. A native of Shandong, Zhang Zeduan studied painting in Bianjing (present-day Kaifeng, Henan Province) in his early years and later became a painter at the Northern Song Painting Academy. Although there are few records about him, this marvelous piece of work has made posterity remember him forever. Qingming Shanghe Tu is a long scroll on silk with colors, 248 cm high and 528 cm long. The picture depicts the prosperous and lively scene of Bianjing, the capital city of the Northern Song Dynasty, during the Qingming Festival. The Qingming River Festival was a folk custom at that time, like today's festivals and gatherings, where people took part in trade and commerce activities. The whole picture is grand in scale and rigorous in structure, roughly divided into three sections: the first section is the suburban scene, the second section is the Bianhe River, and the third section is the market in the city.

First is the scene outside Bianjing. Farmers are plowing in the fields, and rich people are returning from tomb-sweeping. On the road, packs, porters, and characters on horses and sedans are hurrying into the city. Next is the best part - Bianhe River. The arch bridge on the Bianhe River is like a rainbow, on which pedestrians are like a tide, bustling and rubbing shoulders and heels, and the boats and oars under the bridge are competing with each other. Many small episodes have been carved with great interest. Such as a horse at the bridge caused by a dangerous situation, the donkey was frightened, curious people in the crowd. Then it depicts the market of Bianjing. Bianjing, as the center of politics, economy and culture at that time, has government offices, residential houses, workshops, restaurants, buildings and houses, and the streets are full of traffic and horses, and the nine streams and three religions are all available, and all industries are prosperous and lively. The picture also unfolds a calm scene, with tension and speed, forming an interesting contrast and sense of rhythm. By depicting several aspects of architecture, commerce, traffic and transportation in Bianjing, the artist has reproduced the prosperity and development of the capital city of Northern Song Dynasty.

There are more than five hundred and fifty people, more than sixty livestock, more than twenty wooden boats, more than thirty houses and pavilions, and more than twenty carts and sedans in Qingming Shanghe Tu. Such colorful content is rare in ancient paintings of all times. Valuable is that every character, scene, details, are arranged in a reasonable way, sparse and dense, simple and complex, static and dynamic, gathering and dispersing the relationship between the picture, dealt with appropriately, to achieve the complexity but not miscellaneous, and more than not chaotic. It fully demonstrates the painter's deep insight into social life and high artistic cultivation and expressive ability. Qingming Shanghe Tu" is a great realism painting art treasures, at the same time, also provides us with the Northern Song Dynasty metropolis of commerce, handicrafts, folklore, architecture, transportation and other rich image data, so it also has the value of historical documents.

In the history of Chinese art, "Qingming Riverside Drawing" can be regarded as one of the most legendary works, and it is also one of the works that have been copied the most throughout the dynasties. From ancient times to the present on the "Qingming on the river" version of the verification, the authenticity of the debate has a lot of legends and unsolved mysteries; thousands of years of dynasties of the palace aristocrats, literati, for the "Qingming on the river" of the looting and collection has never ceased. How is the real Qingming Riverside Drawing? Its author Zhang Zeduan in the end is what kind of a person?

The real "Qingming Riverside Drawing" surprised the world

The day of February 12, 1912 A.D., China's feudal history, the last emperor Aisin Gioro Puyi walked off the throne of the emperor, which declared the rule of China's feudal dynasty of more than 2,000 years of dream, instantly fell apart. According to the "preferential treatment regulations", Puyi still live in the imperial palace Forbidden City. Puyi with any Chinese feudal emperor is different, he was educated by the British teacher Johnston during his adolescence, from childhood by the influence of Western culture and thought, so he has always had the dream of going abroad to study in the ocean. In order to leave the palace can have sufficient funds to realize their own wishes, he thought of the palace collection of a large number of treasures, paintings and calligraphy. As a result, after four dynasties of Song, Yuan, Ming and Qing, the Qingming Riverside Drawing, which had been collected in the palace four times and mysteriously disappeared again and again, began its mysterious and long journey this time.

Leaving the emperor's throne of Puyi use of their own power, from November 16, 1922, to January 28, 1923, 73 days time, to "reward" his brother Aixinjueluo Pu Jie in the name of the painting and calligraphy scrolls 1,285 pieces, 68 pieces of the albums moved out of the palace. These precious Chinese calligraphy and painting throughout the ages, each piece is worth a lot of money. Among them, there are four volumes of "Qingming Riverside", including the Northern Song Dynasty painter Zhang Zeduan painted "Qingming Riverside"; the Ming Dynasty painter Qiu Ying imitation painting "Qingming Riverside", as well as other painters in the Ming Dynasty to Suzhou as the background of the imitation of painting "Suzhou piece" "Qingming Riverside" and so on. In particular, the Qingming Riverside Painting painted by Zhang Zeduan, a painter of the Northern Song Dynasty, can be called a rare work of art in the history of Chinese art, and it is a treasure that has been collected by the nobles of the royal palaces of successive dynasties.

February 24, 1925, the second day of the second month of the lunar calendar, commonly known as the "dragon's head" day, Puyi dressed up as a businessman in the Japanese guardianship, came to tianjin French Concession Zhang garden, he "reward" his brother Pu Jie in the name of removal of the Forbidden City, a large number of treasures, the Japanese, and the Japanese. Forbidden City, a large number of treasures, paintings and calligraphy, also secretly transferred to tianjin, "qingming river painting" accompanied puyi in tianjin spent more than seven years.

March 8, 1932, Puyi in the manipulation of the invading Japanese army, with his family and a large number of treasures, paintings and calligraphy, from Tianjin to Changchun, assumed the pseudo-Manchukuo emperor. Qingming Shanghe Tu" and accompanied Puyi, in Changchun spent 13 years and 4 months of years. Changchun pseudo-emperor's palace "series of Xi building", witnessed the time Puyi and his family spent in Changchun. "Zhuxi" name is Puyi's own, "Zhuxi" two words from the "Poetry - Daya - King Wen": "Mu Mu King Wen, in Zhuxi respect stop." However, Puyi thinks, "series of Xi" of the "Xi" word, and the Kangxi Emperor's "Xi" word the same, Puyi very much admire the Emperor's talent and governance, therefore, "series of Xi" two words from the "Poetry" - Daya - King Wen: "Mu Mu Wen Wang in the series of Xi respect stop. The meaning of the word "Zhuxi" is self-evident, Puyi wants to follow the ancestor of Emperor Kang Xi's will to restore the Qing dynasty. For this reason, it is not difficult to speculate Puyi so favorite "Qingming Riverside Drawing" reason; successive generations of the Palace aristocrats competing for the collection of "Qingming Riverside Drawing" purpose, is "Qingming Riverside Drawing" in this fantastic prosperity and auspiciousness of the gas is intoxicated.

In 1945, Japan's Kwantung Army Commander Yamada B three notification Puyi moved the capital Tonghua, Puyi understand, the so-called move is actually fleeing, Puyi please Yamada B three grace three days to take care of the traveling clothes. In fact, Puyi most assured, is those from the Forbidden City in Beijing to bring out the treasures, paintings and calligraphy. 13 years, "Qingming Riverside Drawing" and a large number of treasures, paintings and calligraphy, has been sealed in Changchun behind the pseudo imperial palace painting and calligraphy building, only Puyi and a few personal entourage know the secret of the painting and calligraphy building inside the seal. Puyi and his personal entourage rushed into this mysterious "small white building", he selected from a large number of treasures, paintings and calligraphy among some of the treasures fled to Tonghua, the rest of the treasures, paintings and calligraphy by some guards looting. Among them, four different versions of "Qingming Shanghe Tu" which volume was Puyi with him? Which volume was lost to the people? People do not know ......

Puyi with some of the treasures, calligraphy and painting and family, hurriedly fled to the foot of the Changbai Mountain, Tonghua mountain village - big chestnut ditch. Puyi in the big chestnut ditch only lived 3 days, and then rushed to Shenyang, ready to escape from Shenyang to Japan. Puyi from the Changchun pseudo imperial palace to bring the treasures, calligraphy and painting in the selection again, only a small number of treasures, calligraphy and painting, with his brother Pu Jie and two brothers-in-law, three nephews, a doctor, an attendant fled to Shenyang, and most of the family and some of the treasures, calligraphy and painting stayed in Dali Zigou, these treasures, calligraphy and painting abandoned in the Dali Zigou, some of them were divided, some were burned, and finally was collected by the People's Liberation Army.

August 19, 1945, Puyi in Shenyang airport by plane ready to escape to Japan, the plane took off by the Soviet Red Army forced landing, Puyi and his entourage, as well as carrying treasures, paintings and calligraphy were intercepted by the Soviet Union Red Army, Puyi was the Soviet Union Red Army repatriated to the Soviet Union, Chita, and then transferred to the Bolei, five years later, Puyi was repatriated to China, the whereabouts of the four different versions of "Along the River During the Qingming Festival" is unknown.

In the winter of 1950, the Cultural Department of the Northeast Bureau began to organize the cultural heritage left behind by the War of Liberation, and Mr. Yang Renkai, an expert in painting and calligraphy appraisal, was responsible for organizing and appraising a large number of paintings and calligraphies collected from various parties, some of which remained intact; some of which were already damaged. When Mr. Yang Renkai opened a tattered scroll, was stunned, this scroll picture was antique light brown, the painting depicts the characters, the method of street scenes, reflecting a unique ancient painting method, Mr. Yang Renkai then carried out a serious study of the scroll and careful examination, the scroll is magnificent, delicate brushwork, the characters, the scenery is lifelike, the painting, although there is no author's signature and the title of the painting. Although there is no author's signature on this painting and the title of the painting, however, the inscription of celebrities through the ages is rich and detailed, and the collection of seals through the ages is complicated, only the last emperor Puyi's seal has as many as three. Especially after the scroll, the Jin Dynasty, Zhang wrote a clear record of the inscription: "Hanlin Zhang Zeduan, the word is the road, Dongwu people, young reading, traveled to the capital, and then study painting, the work of its 'boundary paintings', especially addicted to the boat and car, the city of the bridge and Guo Path, don't become a family, according to to the direction of the "review of the painting" cloud, "West Lake," the "West Lake," the "Qingming Riverside Drawing ", "qingming on the river", selected into the gods, collectors should treasure. The day after the Qingming of Dading Cwu." Could this be the rare and sacred works that have been collected by the royal palaces and aristocrats through the ages - Zhang Zeduan's "Qingming Shanghe Tu" in the Northern Song Dynasty?

Mr. Yang Renkai will be the picture of the scroll, published in the Northeast Museum of the compilation and printing of the "National Treasure Sinking and Floating Record", immediately aroused a high degree of attention from experts and scholars at home and abroad, the then Director of the State Administration of Cultural Heritage Mr. Zheng Zhenduo, will be transferred to the scroll to Beijing, by experts and scholars to further proof, identification, confirmation of the painting scroll is the thousands of years of fame - - "Qingming Riverside". -Qingming Shanghe Tu "Shiqu Baoji three edited version". Lost for many years of rare national treasures finally once again into the collection of the Palace Museum in Beijing.

Hidden in the Palace Museum in Beijing, "Qingming Shanghe Tu" "Shiqu Baoji three" scroll, vertical 24.8 cm, horizontal 528 cm, according to expert statistics, "Qingming Shanghe Tu" *** painted 684 people, livestock 96 head, 122 houses, trees 174, 25 boats, 15 cars, sedan chair 8. Sedan chair 8 tops. Such a vast scroll, the picture structure is rigorous, organized, the characters of the various activities, portrayed in a very detailed and vivid, before and after the echo, in one fell swoop. "Boundary painting" painting method, skillful and natural. Qingming Riverside Drawing **** has 14 trembles written by 13 collectors in the past dynasties, with 96 inscriptions. Only the last emperor Puyi's Inscription has as many as 3, which is enough to prove Puyi's favor to "Qingming Riverside Drawing"; only such brilliant masterpiece as "Qingming Riverside Drawing" can accommodate the next generation of emperors' dream of a thousand years.

-"Qingming Riverside Drawing"

The national treasure "Qingming Riverside Drawing" has been through the fire, suffered a few robberies, collectors and connoisseurs have been playing, appreciation left a few words of wisdom, there are many mysteries to be revealed.

The Northern Song painter Zhang Zeduan drew a long scroll custom painting "Qingming Riverside", is the reputation of Chinese and foreign art treasures. It is the same as the "Five Cows" created by the Tang Dynasty's Han? Created by the Tang Han, the same as the "five bulls", known as the painting garden "national treasure". Its earliest collector is Song Huizong (Zhao Ji), he wrote in thin gold style "Qingming Riverside Drawing" and double-dragon small seal (Song Dynasty emperor's seal, used for appreciation or collection of works of art when the bell mark), can prove that the painting was initially collected in the palace after the completion, after the fall of Bianjing in 1126 A.D., all the valuable cultural relics in the palace, including the painting, were plundered by the Jin people. Jin people plundered, Jin people do not recognize the value of this painting. And after 59 years, that is, Jin Shizong Dading 26 years (1186), Jin Zhang wrote the earliest in the "Qingming Shanghetu" on the trek cited "to the review of the painting record," said, confirmed that the Song Zhang Zeduan "Qingming Shanghetu" and "West Lake competition labeling map", so that the "Qingming Shanghetu" the name of the beginning of the finalization of the next.

History of Zhang Zeduan creation of "Qingming on the river" date, as well as "on the river" a mark had some controversy, the painting depicts the Qingming season, since the Jin Dynasty, seems to be no objection. Ming dynasty "taste water xuan diary" records, this painting not only has the song huizong's thin gold inscription, double dragon small seal, and also has the song huizong's inscription poem; Poem in the "water in the spring on the river" sentence. In this way, the scroll depicts the spring scenery is even less doubt, modern and contemporary art historians Zheng Zhenduo, Xu Bangda, Zhang Anzhi, etc. are the main "spring scenery" said. However, there are some people dispute this.

The first skeptic of the spring scenery is the Kaifeng City teacher Mr. Kong Xianyi. He was published in 1981 in the second issue of the magazine "art", "Qingming on the river map of the" Qingming "question," an article, citing eight reasons, that "Qingming on the river map" painted on the autumn scene.

One, at the right hand side of the scroll, there is a donkey carrying 10 baskets of charcoal. The Northern Song Dynasty Meng Yuanlao "Tokyo Dreaming Records" records: every year in October of the lunar calendar, Bianjing began to "into the warmth of the stove charcoal, apartment before all the wine for the warmth of the meeting", if the Ching Ming Festival before and after the warmth of the stove charcoal, contrary to the Song people's living customs. Meng Yuanlao and Zhang Zeduan lived in the same era, "Tokyo Dreaming Records" is an important material to study the customs of Bianliang in the Northern Song Dynasty, and the historical events mentioned are credible.

Second, the picture has a farmer's short hedge is full of like eggplant