In the Song Dynasty, there were many traditional festivals, which have been passed down to this day. Please list them and tell us the origin of at least two of them.

Mid-Autumn Festival: History of riddles Riddles are an art form of folk literature in China; they are the wisdom and crystallization of the people in the long-term labor practice, which originates from life and is used in life; they are also a kind of intellectual activity game that people enjoy. It attracts enthusiasts from all walks of life in the south and north of the world, making people in the growth of knowledge, enlightenment and wisdom at the same time, but also to obtain a wonderful enjoyment.　　China's lantern riddles have a long history, so far there are more than three thousand years of history. During the Spring and Autumn and Warring States Periods, "concealed words" and "cryptic words" appeared, which were the prototypes of lantern riddles. During the Han Dynasty, the "hidden words" began to be divided into two directions. One type of riddles was based on the characterization of things; the other type of riddles was based on the form and meaning of words. In the Wei Dynasty, it was called "riddles". During the Sui and Tang dynasties, poetry riddles appeared in large numbers and became the mainstream. From the Song Dynasty onwards, some literati and scholars used to post riddles on various lanterns on the night of the Lantern Festival to attract pedestrians to guess and shoot, and this is how "lantern riddles" came into being. After the middle of the Qing Dynasty, riddles flourished and many riddlers emerged. After the Xinhai Revolution, the riddles formed two styles of southern and northern schools, to the old society, because most of the riddlers are the scholarly class, some literati pretend to be noble, one-sided emphasis on elegance and exclusion of folk riddles. After the liberation, under the guidance of the Party's "let a hundred flowers blossom" policy of literature and art, lantern riddle activities have become more vigorous, and the riddle materials have become more and more perfect and rich, making great contributions to the construction of socialist spiritual civilization and the activation of the cultural life of the masses. At present, there are lantern riddle activities and lantern riddle academic exchanges among Chinese and overseas Chinese all over the world.　　Mid-Autumn Festival: Eating Mooncakes Idle Qin Zaisi "Luozhong jiwen" said that Emperor Xi Zong of Tang Dynasty ate mooncakes on Mid-Autumn Festival day, which tasted extremely beautiful, and when he heard that Qujiang, the new scholar of the Academy, set up a happy feast, he ordered the Imperial Kitchen to use red damask to wrap the mooncakes as a reward for the new scribes. This is the earliest record we can see about the moon cake. By the Song Dynasty, mooncakes had elegant names such as "lotus leaf", "golden flower", "hibiscus" and so on, and their production methods were even more elegant. The poet Su Dongpo praised in a poem, "small cakes such as chewing the moon, there are crispy and syrup", crispy is shortening, syrup is sugar, the flavor of its sweet and crispy and beautiful can be imagined. After the Song Dynasty, the production of moon cakes not only pay attention to the flavor, but also in the surface of the cake designed a variety of patterns related to the legend of the Moon Palace. Patterns on the surface of the cake, at first probably first drawn on paper and then pasted on the surface of the cake, after the industry simply use the surface mold pressed on top of the moon cake. The full-moon shaped mooncake also symbolizes reunion with the full moon on the fifteenth day of the month, and people treat it as a festive food, offer it to the moon, and give it to friends and relatives. This is undoubtedly a reflection of the national psychology of the Han people. Legend has it that in the early years of the Yuan Dynasty, the Yuan-Mongolian rulers were afraid of the people to rise up in revolt, to take every ten families to send a soldier to monitor, ten only allowed to use a chopper of the high-pressure policy, the people could not stand it, they took the opportunity to give each other mooncakes on the fifteenth day of the Mid-Autumn Festival of the eighth month, in the mooncake to put a wax pellet, wrapped in wax pellets in the paper, paper, paper, written on the oath, the cake bottom is also attached to a piece of paper to do the implied, so that each other to call for the restoration of the country against the Mongolian. Wenzhou, Zhejiang area called this moon cake, according to the local dialect of the harmonic is "kill tight". This is probably the origin of today's mooncakes are often posted on the outside of a piece of paper.　　Mid-Autumn Festival: Lights Mid-Autumn Festival night, the sky as clear as water, the moon is as bright as a mirror, can be described as the beauty of the good times, however, the people did not meet, so there will be a light to help the moon custom. In Hunan and Guangdong have a tile stacked tower on the tower of the festival custom of burning lamps. In the south of the Yangtze River there is a system of lights boat custom. In modern times, the custom of burning lamps in the Mid-Autumn Festival is more prevalent. Zhou Yunjin and He Xiangfei said in their article "Leisurely Trying to Talk about Seasonal Events", "The most prevalent lanterns in Guangdong are made of bamboo strips ten days before the festival. The lanterns were made in the shape of fruits, birds, animals, fishes and insects, as well as characters for celebrating the Mid-Autumn Festival, etc., on which colorful paper was pasted and painted in various colors. Mid-Autumn Festival night lights burning candles with a rope tied to a bamboo pole, high tree on the eaves or terrace, or with a small lamp built into a character or various shapes, hanging in the house high, commonly known as tree in the Mid-Autumn Festival or vertical Mid-Autumn Festival. The lights hung by the rich and noble families, up to several feet high, the family gathered under the lights to drink for fun, the ordinary people are erected a flagpole, two lanterns, but also to take their own fun. City full of lights is like a glazed world." It seems that from ancient times to the Mid-Autumn Festival lighting custom of its scale seems to be second only to the Lantern Festival.　　Mid-Autumn Festival: Poetry and picturesque say "moon riddles" In the bright canopy of traditional Chinese culture, riddles, has always been a bright star radiating a unique charm. Over the centuries, like other forms of Chinese culture, they have formed an unbreakable bond with the moon, and countless moon riddles have been passed down with great meaning and significance.　　These "moon riddles" on the whole, can be divided into two categories: the moon for the riddle and the riddle for the moon. Perhaps because of the moon's beautiful image of the moon, in people's minds and hearts are too familiar with too deep, so the riddles with the moon as the riddle, the production is certainly not easy, but it is not difficult to guess in the riddles. For example: "Tomorrow is a total eclipse of the sun", playing the word "moon"; "Mid-autumn chrysanthemums are in full bloom", playing the idiom of "good flowers and a full moon"; "The moon is in full bloom", playing the idiom of "good flowers and a full moon". ";" Toad Palace Song ", playing the name of the song" moon";" Ice wheel surge", playing the name of the movie" the sea rises bright moon"; and so on. This kind of "moon riddle", there are a number of indeed ingenious flying spirit, quite can hit the festival, but ultimately due to the production of a single riddle by the limitations of the production is far from the moon as the riddle of the works of the rich and prosperous. In the latter case, the space for creation is obviously widened, the riddle-maker's hands and feet are less restricted, and the connotation of the riddles is greatly expanded to include almost everything, and the works are also more brilliant and fascinating. In fact, this latter category of riddles should be regarded as the mainstream of "moon riddles".　　Many of the riddles with the moon as the riddle face are in the form of poems, and most of them quote familiar Tang and Song poems. For example, Li Bai's "A moon in Chang'an", playing the "Water Margin" character name "Qin Ming"; Du Fu's "The moon is bright in the hometown", playing an agricultural noun: "light"; with Jia Island's sentence "the monk knocked on the door under the moon", playing the name of a foreign place "Guam"; with Su Shi's "the moon has its own shade and roundness", playing the economics noun The name "Guandao" is a foreign place name; "The moon is full and sunny" by Su Shi, "The moon is full and sunny" is an economic term "Self-responsible for profit and loss"; and so on. Of course, there is also no lack of modern poets quoting famous lines to create. Mao Zedong wrote a famous poem in October 1950, "Raccoon Stream Sage - and Mr. Liu Yazi". In Liu's original work, there is a line: "Singing through the full moon", which was then quoted as a line from a Tang poem: "This song should only be found in heaven", and the riddle was deducted from the bottom, which was stable and appropriate, and was remarkable.　　The style of many of the "moon riddles" is simple and colloquial, giving off an aura of simplicity and commonality. For example: "February flat", playing a "peng" word; "the moon and the stars depend on, the sun and the moon **** exist", playing a "fishy "word;" "a pair of bright moon is not residual, falling in the mountains around the station", playing a "collapse" word; "scooping up water and the moon in the hand", playing the idiomatic expression "Pearl in the palm of your hand"; and so on. These "moon riddle" "naive" manner, people have a sense of closeness. There are also some "moon riddle", it is clear that reveals a graceful and elegant atmosphere of the scroll. Like "don't make the golden bottle empty to the moon", to "fall off the end of the grid" to play the Peking Opera repertoire "Luminous Cup"; "stone city on the moon like a hook", to play the "Liaozhai Zhiyi" chapter "Jinling B"; The moon is full at the end of the world", playing Marshal Ye Jianying's poem "Faraway Look"; "The bright moon shines on me", playing the late Ming literati "Qui Youguang"; there is also an old riddle left over from the Qing Dynasty "Quit my home to see the moon twice back", playing the "Four Books" sentence "look at the blue to go"; ....... Guessing such "moon riddle", if there is no "ink three minutes three", I'm afraid it will be like "the sky dog eating the moon, no way to get down".　　Some of the "moon riddles" have been passed around for years, the world's interest is still strong, worthy of the youthful long in the "old to play". And more works produced in the new period, and undoubtedly let people in the guessing and playing, feel some bright style of the times. For example, "the moon gushes over the river", playing the physics term two: "cold light", "fluctuation"; "twenty-five strings playing the night moon "Twenty-five strings playing the night moon", playing a modern form of literature and art: "musical evening"; "clouds breaking through the moon to flower shadow", playing the special language of the mining industry "open-pit mining"; "I send my worries to the moon", playing the scientific and technological term "optical communication"; and so on. If it is said that from each kind of culture and art plate can be traced to the history of the footprints, then, the above several "moon riddle" is not also a corroboration of it?　　Interestingly, some "moon riddles", the same riddle, but can be implied by a number of completely different connotations of the riddle, like lifting a piece of the same red cover, to see a few brides with different smiles. For example, "Raise a glass to invite the moon", both playing the song "Towards the sky", and playing the names of foreign places: "Yangon", "Balkans"; and also playing the idiom of The idiom "I am the only one"; then the philatelic term "top quality"; also the pinyin letter four: "YOWV"; the total number of riddles up to five, so it can be called " A riddle of several shots". Another phenomenon, also interesting - some "moon riddles" riddles and riddles, actually can be each other "role swap" and still true, is really a "This is really one of the strangest riddles in the world. For example: "This song should only be found in heaven", playing the movie title "The Crescent Moon"; "The moon curves to illuminate the nine states", playing the seven-character Tang poem "This song should only be found in heaven", that is, as an example.　　It is especially worth mentioning that among the many modern "moon riddles", there are quite a number of ingenious creations from Hong Kong, Macao, Taiwan compatriots and overseas Chinese. For example, Taiwan's "the moon is full again in autumn", playing the name of food "cinnamon"; "the clear stream reflects the bright moon", playing the life of the daily language "beautiful"; Hong Kong and Macao's "moon", playing the daily language "beautiful". "In Hong Kong and Macao, "the moon shines diagonally in pairs" is a Chinese character for "many"; and in Thailand, "when will the bright moon be there" is a line from the Classic of Poetry: "Three or five in the east"; ....... Chewing and savoring this one "moon riddle", can you say that which does not send the overseas sons eagerly look forward to the unification of the motherland, the reunion of flesh and blood of a piece of earnest feelings?　　The topic of "moon riddle" is just like the moon like ice mirror and jade jade jade, which is delicate and touching and can't be told endlessly. As the saying goes: "A round of white as day, pleased to be the Mid-Autumn Festival." When the moonlight and windy night, friends and family sit down to cook tea, and there is no harm to invite a moon talk riddle, to riddle to help. I believe that the colorful "moon riddle" will certainly make your eyes of the moon, more than usual to add a few points of charm and lovely.　　Mid-Autumn Festival: Rabbits in the Moon and Folklore Rabbits in the Moon Palace: In people's minds, rabbits are very kind and gentle little animals. In ancient legends, besides Chang'e and Wu Gang, the first to ascend to the Moon Palace was the rabbit. This is the beautiful imagination of the ancient people.　　Chang'e ascended to the Moon Palace, according to "Huainanzi" and other ancient books, because she ate her husband Yi from the West five mothers to ask for the medicine of immortality, flew into the Moon Palace, turned into a medicine pounding toad. According to "Youyang Miscellany Chopper", Wu Gang ascended to the Moon Palace because Wu Gang, a man from Xi He, made a mistake in cultivating immortality, and he was punished to take the place of the osmanthus tree in the Moon. This laurel tree grows as it is cut, and it can never be cut down.　　As for this rabbit's upper moon palace, it was first seen in Qu Yuan's "Heavenly Questions", "What is the benefit of the Turk, while Gu and Cuscuta are in the belly?" The meaning is that Gu and Cuscuta are in the abdomen. It means that Gu and Cu are in the belly of the moon, what good does it do to the moon? And how did the rabbit get to the moon palace? Gu is the toad and Cusu is the white rabbit. Fu Xuan of the Jin Dynasty's "Proposed Heavenly Questions" also says, "What is in the moon, the white rabbit pounding medicine." According to Mr. Wen Yiduo, the phrase "white rabbit pounding medicine" is a variation of "toad pounding medicine".　　Gu, dodder in the moon from one thing into two things, about how they go to the moon, folklore has a legend: Wu Gang learn fairy three years away from home, Yandi's grandson Bo Ling and his wife A female edge of the woman fornication, gave birth to three children, Wu Gang banished the moon, his wife's inner guilt, and so called the smallest of the two children flew away to the moon, accompanied by their father in name only. The Classic of Mountains and Seas - Hai Nei Jing records: "Bo Ling, grandson of Yan Di. Burling passed on to Wu Quan's wife, A Daughter Rim Woman. Rim woman pregnant three years, is born drum, Yan, Shu." Gu in the moon, rabbit, is Yan, Shu into.　　Funny "rabbit": Because the rabbit on the moon palace, so people in ancient times over the Mid-Autumn Festival, the moon festival must use "rabbit".　　At dusk during the Mid-Autumn Festival, when the moon hangs high in the sky, every family sets up an incense burner in the courtyard, on which mooncakes (also known as reunion cakes), fruits and other offerings are placed. In addition, there are "moonlight horses" and "rabbit masters". The women pay homage to the moon. After the festival, the family sits around the table, drinks reunion wine and eats reunion cakes. This is the ancient custom of moon worship.　　What are the "Moonlight Horse" and "Rabbit Master" among the offerings for the moon festival? This is a product of the ancient city of Beijing.　　According to the "Imperial Beijing Scenery": "August 15 moon festival, the festival fruit cake necessary; split melon must teeth wrong petal carved, such as lotus paper shop moonlight paper, multi-color full moon like, sitting on the lotus, moonlight all over the light of the bodhisattva is also. Hua under the moon wheel hanging temple, there are rabbits holding mortar and pestle and people standing, pounding medicine in the mortar. About three inches small, large zhang, to the work of the gold and blue color powder." Here said "moonlight paper", is the paper horse, that is, "moonlight horse". Yanjing times record" said: "the capital said that the statue of God for the God Maer, do not dare to repudiate the word of God also". The moonlight horse, the upper part of the painting Taiyin Xingjun, the lower part of the painting of the Moon Palace Gui Temple and pounding the rabbit master, color painting and gold, brilliant.　　About the rabbit master, "Yan Jing Years and Years" also recorded: "every Mid-Autumn Festival, the city people of the trickster, with the yellow earth rolled into a toad and rabbit statue to sell, called the rabbit master." In the old days, there were often rabbit stalls in the area of Dongsi Pailou in Beijing, specializing in selling rabbit statues for the Mid-Autumn Festival moon festival. In addition, the southern paper store, incense and candles are also sold.　　This rabbit master, after the bold creation of folk artists, has been personified. It is a rabbit head and body, holding a jade pestle. Later, some people imitated the characters of the opera, the rabbit carved into a gold helmet and gold armor warriors, some riding a lion, elephant and other beasts, some riding a peacock, cranes and other flying birds. Especially the rabbit riding a tiger, although strange, but it is the bold creation of folk artists. There is also an elbow and lower jaw can move the rabbit, commonly known as "Ba Da mouth", more pleasing to the eye. It is a moon offering, but it is really a wonderful toy for children.　　Shooting a wooden rabbit and eating the rabbit's liver: As the saying goes, "A thousand miles of different winds, a hundred miles of different customs." Customs vary from place to place and from ethnic group to ethnic group. Our country has a vast territory and many ethnic groups, so the same rabbit has completely different customs.　　In our country a thousand years ago, the Liao, formerly known as the Khitan, originated from the East Hu, is a nomadic people in the upper reaches of the Liao River. Because the Khitan people to nomadic livelihood, the rabbit a small animal is neither strange, nor as a god worship, but only a hunting object. From this point of view, they also produced and rabbit-related entertainment and food customs. These customs are not only interesting but also has a strong northern characteristics.　　Unlike the March 3 festival in the south of the Yangtze River, when people go out to the countryside to walk in the green and hold songs, the north holds riding and shooting activities with its own characteristics. Every year on this day, the Liao people to hold a kind of shooting wooden rabbit game, is also a competition archery routine. The contestants place a wooden rabbit in a selected place and the participants are divided into two groups. Participants are divided into two groups, who compete on horseback and win by hitting the rabbit. The interesting thing is that the losing group must give the winning group kneeling into the wine syrup, to express congratulations and respect; and the winner does not need to dismount, still riding on the horse, take the wine cup, a drink. (See "Yanjing Miscellany") Because the rabbit's front feet are small and short, and its back feet are large and long, it runs swiftly and erratically. Therefore, only a skillful archer can hit it. This symbolic rabbit shooting activities, perhaps in the game to send people to this year's hunting harvest wishes.　　Every year Chongyang Festival, the Liao people also eat rabbit liver food customs. The day, the Liao rulers first led the vassal tribes, held a tiger shooting activities, the provisions of the shooting lesser to be punished by the heavy nine feast, which is probably also the encouragement of riding and examination. After the shooting, choose the high ground, set up the tent, to the tomato and han bureaucrats drink chrysanthemum wine; at the same time, the rabbit liver cut into slices, intercepted with the deer tongue sauce to eat. Rabbit meat is tender and nutritious. Rabbit liver is even more delicious. The Liao people certainly will not forget this delicacy.　　Mid-Autumn Festival: Mid-Autumn Moon Festival Customs The 15th day of the 8th month of the lunar calendar is the traditional Mid-Autumn Festival in China, which is also the second largest traditional festival in China after the Spring Festival. The 15th day of the 8th month falls in the middle of the fall season, so it is called the Mid-Autumn Festival. China's ancient calendar in the middle of the autumn month of August, called "mid-autumn", so the Mid-Autumn Festival is also called "Mid-Autumn Festival".　　Mid-Autumn Festival night, the moon is bright, the ancients regarded the full moon as a symbol of reunion, therefore, also known as the 15th of August for the "reunion festival". Throughout the ages, people often use the phrase "full moon, lack of moon" to describe "sadness and happiness", and travelers living in other countries, but also to the moon to send deep feelings. In the Tang Dynasty, poet Li Bai said, "Raising my head to look at the bright moon, and lowering my head to think of my hometown", Du Fu said, "The dew is white from tonight, and the moon is bright in my hometown", and in the Song Dynasty, Wang Anshi said, "The spring breeze is greening the banks of the south of the Yangtze River again, and when will the bright moon shine on me again". When will the bright moon shine on my return?" and other poems, all of which have been sung for thousands of years.　　The Mid-Autumn Festival is an ancient festival, and moon worship is an important custom of the festival. Ancient emperors had the social system of sacrificing the sun in spring and the moon in autumn, and folk families also had the wind of sacrificing the moon in Mid-Autumn Festival. Later on, appreciating the moon was more important than sacrificing the moon, and serious sacrifices were turned into relaxing amusement. Mid-Autumn Moon Festival custom in the Tang Dynasty flourished, many poets in the famous poems of the moon, the Song Dynasty, the Ming Dynasty, the Qing Dynasty, the court and civil moon worship and moon worship activities on a larger scale. Many monuments of "moon worship altar", "moon worship pavilion" and "moon watch tower" remain in different parts of China.　　Beijing's "Altar of the Moon" is the Ming Jiajing years for the royal moon festival built. Whenever the moon rises in the Mid-Autumn Festival, set up a case in the open air, mooncakes, pomegranates, jujube and other fruits and vegetables for the table, and after the moon worship, the whole family sits around the table, eating and talking, *** enjoying the bright moon. Now, the moon worship activities have been replaced by a large-scale, colorful mass moon worship activities.　　Although the beginning of the custom of the moon festival age can not be determined, on the basis of the existing textual information, the Han Dynasty, Mei multiplied the "seven hair", "said the guest: will be the hope of August, and the lords and go to the tide in the Qujiang River in Guangling," which may be today's Mid-Autumn Festival after the custom of watching the tide of Qiantang origin. About the time of the Wei and Jin dynasties, the beginning of the Mid-Autumn Moon Festival, but did not become a habit. To the Tang Dynasty, the Mid-Autumn Moon Festival, playing with the moon is quite popular. Ouyang Zhan said in the preface of Chang'an Playing with the Moon Poem: "August in the fall, the beginning of the season, the end of the Meng, fifteen in the night, and the middle of the month. If you look at the main road, the cold and heat are even, and if you look at the number of months, the toad is round." To the Song Dynasty, was officially designated as the Mid-Autumn Festival: "Mid-Autumn Festival, all the stores are selling new wine, the noble family decorative platforms and pavilions, the people's homes to occupy the restaurant to play with the moon, music and songs heard thousands of miles away, playful even sit to dawn" ("Tokyo Dreaming Records") mooncakes are classified as festive delicacies, Su Dongpo has a "small cakes such as chewing the moon, there is a crisp and syrup! Su Dongpo wrote, "Small cakes are like chewing the moon, and there is pastry and syrup in them. Mid-Autumn Festival activities in the Southern Song Dynasty, is more colorful: folk to mooncakes to feed each other, take the meaning of reunion. Is the evening, people have the moon, or with the lake and the sea, along the tour through the dawn. Above the Su Causeway, the joint song, no different from the day. And in the river cast ten thousand "small red" (small sheepskin lamp), brilliant as stars, very impressive. Since the Ming and Qing dynasties, the "Mid-Autumn Festival" custom, more prevalent. In many places, special customs such as burning incense, walking on the moon, releasing sky lanterns, tree Mid-Autumn Festival, pointing tower lanterns, dancing fire dragons and trailing stones were also formed. To this day, every Mid-Autumn Festival, the folk are still prevalent in the moon, eat moon cakes and reunion dinner, as well as dragon dance, point tower lights and other customs.