What are the main handling machinery and equipment in the logistics industry?

There are many kinds of goods in logistics activities, with wide sources, different shapes and characteristics. In order to adapt to the loading and unloading of various goods and meet the different requirements of different links in the loading and unloading process, various loading and unloading machinery and equipment must be used. They are usually classified in the following ways.

1. Classification according to the nature of work.

According to the different nature of loading and unloading and handling, it can be divided into loading and unloading machinery, handling machinery and loading and unloading machinery. Some mechanical functions are relatively simple, and only meet one function of loading and unloading or handling. This single-function machine has simple structure and strong professional operation ability, so it has high operation efficiency and low operation cost, but its use is limited. However, because of its single function, it needs complicated connections before and after operation, which will reduce the efficiency of the whole system. Machines with single loading and unloading function include manual cranes and fixed cranes. The machinery with single handling function mainly includes various trucks and belt conveyors. Machinery with two functions of loading and unloading can combine the two operations into one, so the effect is very good. This kind of machinery includes forklifts, straddle carriers, gantry cranes for stations, pneumatic loading and unloading and conveying machinery, etc.

2. Classification according to main uses or structural features.

It can be divided into lifting machinery, continuous transportation machinery, loading and unloading vehicles and special loading and unloading machinery. Among them, special loading and unloading machinery refers to loading and unloading machinery with "storage" devices, such as special loading and unloading machinery for pallets, special loading and unloading machinery for containers, special loading and unloading machinery for ships and special sorting machinery.

3. According to the working principle of the machine tool.

(1) Forklifts include all kinds of general-purpose and special-purpose forklifts.

(2) Cranes include gantry cranes, bridge cranes, crawler cranes, truck cranes, shore cranes and road cranes.

(3) Conveyors include roller conveyors, wheel conveyors, belt conveyors, chain conveyors and suspended conveyors.

(4) Working vehicles include trolleys, trolleys, vans, unmanned vans, trolleys and other working vehicles.

(5) Pipeline conveying equipment is a kind of equipment with pumps and pipelines as the main body, which integrates the loading and unloading of liquid and powder.

4. According to whether there is electricity.

(1) Gravity handling conveyor includes roller conveyor and roller conveyor.

(2) There are two types of mobile loading and unloading machinery: internal combustion type and electric type, and bulk loading and unloading machinery mostly belongs to this category.

(3) Manual loading and unloading machinery mainly includes small machinery and manual forklifts, trolleys, trolleys and manual lifting platforms.

5. Classify the goods according to the types of loading and unloading.

(1) Heavy cargo handling machinery. Heavy goods usually refer to large mechanical and electrical equipment, various steels, large steel beams, logs, concrete components, etc. They have the characteristics of length, size, weight and complex structure and shape. Rail cranes and self-propelled cranes are usually used for loading and unloading of such goods. Rail cranes include portal cranes, bridge cranes and rail cranes. Self-propelled cranes include truck cranes, tire cranes and crawler cranes. In freight yards and warehouses with large and heavy cargo volume and stable cargo flow, rail cranes are generally equipped; Self-propelled cranes are generally equipped when the traffic volume is small or the working place changes frequently.

(2) Bulk cargo handling machinery Bulk cargo usually refers to goods that are not pieced according to the stack, such as coal, coke, sand, lime, ore, etc. Bulk goods are usually mechanically loaded by grab cranes, loaders, chain bucket loaders and conveyors. Mechanical unloading mainly adopts chain bucket ship unloader, screw ship unloader and grab crane. Conveyors are mainly used for loading and unloading bulk goods.

(3) Packaging cargo handling machinery. Packaged goods generally refer to goods that need to be stored in warehouses and transported by boxcars, such as daily necessities and hardware equipment. There are many ways to package this kind of goods, mainly boxes, baskets, barrels, bags, bundles and so on. Forklifts and pallets are generally used for loading and unloading such goods, and tractors, trailers and belt conveyors can also be used to solve the handling problem of packaged goods.

(4) Container cargo handling machinery 1t containers are generally operated by 1t internal combustion forklift or battery forklift. Gantry crane or rotary crane can be used for loading and unloading containers of 5t and above, and forklift trucks, container straddle carriers, container tractors and container transport vehicles can also be used.