New Methods and Technologies of Geological Survey

The development and application of modern geological high and new technologies not only provide fast and effective tools for geological survey work in complex landscape areas and realize the digitalization of geological mapping work, but also provide more opportunities for the generation of new geological theories and mineralization models. Field geological survey digital technology and its application

Beginning in 2000, the Ministry of Land and Resources organized a series of scientific and technological projects, such as new methods and technologies for area survey and digital geological mapping, and made breakthroughs in the use of aerospace technology and the latest achievements in information technology to transform the traditional way of geological surveys, and constructed a modern working mode for area survey. The whole work of the regional geological survey has been digitalized, as shown in the following:

(1) Positioning: GPS real-time positioning, digitized record of points, with an accuracy of 10 meters.

(2) Acquisition and Recording: With remote sensing information as the guide, the geological characteristics of the whole region are grasped before the field work, and the geologists are guided to scientifically lay out the survey routes, and the density of the routes is reasonably thinned out, which greatly reduces the labor intensity. With GIS as the support, remote sensing image information and basic geographic information as the basic data, replacing the record book with field digital collector, and completing the entry by voice or keyboard, the quality of field record is guaranteed and the digitization of information is completed in real time.

(3) Indoor organization: data are automatically imported and omissions and errors in field work are found in time to ensure the quality of work. Using the desktop processing system supported by GIS and remote sensing information, it can quickly complete the complex work of outlining the geological boundaries, organizing the records of geological phenomena, organizing the profile information, and entering the data into the database, and automatically generating the digitized geological base map of the survey area and other maps.

(4) Presentation of results: It can easily generate various kinds of maps in line with the application requirements to meet the needs of national economic construction.

June 29, 2002 - July 2, 2002, the Ministry of Land and Resources in Lanzhou City, Gansu Province, held a modernization of the district survey of the new technology and new methods of the seminar, the Ministry of Land and Resources of the research institutes under the Ministry of Land and Resources, the provincial geological survey institute, the relevant geological colleges and universities, and other 54 units of 96 people to participate in the training, so that this new technology has been rapidly promoted. GPS, GIS, RS technology and handheld computers as one of the field data collector as the main body of the new five pieces - handheld computers, GPS, digital cameras, digital voice recorders, digital video cameras, to the world to show the 21st century in China's "digitalization of the geologists "

Regional Geological Survey

The Main Process of Regional Geological Survey Work

The Report on the Scientific and Technological Development of Land and Resources in 2002

Research on the Application of High-temperature Superconducting Magnetometer in Geophysical Survey

The high-temperature superconducting magnetometer is a magnetometer with high-temperature superconducting radio-frequency quantum interferometers as the sensors, which is characterized by: (1) Direct measurement of magnetic field; (2) High resolution; (3) Wide frequency band, It is characterized by: ① direct measurement of magnetic field; ② high resolution; ③ wide bandwidth and good low frequency response; ④ the use of liquid nitrogen refrigeration, low temperature technology is relatively simple. High-temperature superconducting magnetometer can be used for: geophysical survey, medical heart, brain magnetic measurement; engineering non-destructive testing. In geophysical survey, high-temperature superconducting magnetometer to do electromagnetic method of the probe, mainly used for deep metal ore, oil and gas resources exploration. Since 1989, the Institute of Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration of the Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences has begun to carry out research on the application of high-temperature superconducting magnetometer in geophysics, and has developed three generations of high-temperature superconducting magnetometers, and has done a lot of applied research work on geomagnetic bathymetry, transient electromagnetic method, and far-offset transient electromagnetic method. The performance indexes of the developed high-temperature superconducting magnetometer are: ① magnetic field resolution is 9.7×10-14T/Hz1/2; ② oscillation rate is 1.2×10-3T/S; ③ bandwidth is 0～30kHz.Comparative field tests have been carried out between using this high-temperature superconducting magnetometer as a probe and the traditional induction coil as a probe in the Transient Electromagnetism Method (TEM), and the field application of high-temperature superconducting magnetometer and its relationship with the Transient Electromagnetism Method (TEM) have been solved in the process. In the process of the test, some key technical problems of the field application of the magnetometer and its connection with the TEM recorder were solved. The results of the test are: in the early channel, both of them have achieved good data consistency; in the late channel, the data measured by the high-temperature superconducting magnetometer has a high signal-to-noise ratio. For the first time, a reasonable apparent resistivity was calculated using the magnetic field data measured by the high-temperature superconducting magnetometer. The field test results show that the application of the high-temperature superconducting magnetometer to the transient electromagnetic method increases the exploration depth in the low-resistance coverage area compared with the traditional transient electromagnetic method.

High-temperature superconducting magnetometer

Research on controllable source of lightweight shallow seismic

Electromagnetically-driven controllable seismic exciter

The controllable seismic source is mainly used in place of the dynamite seismic source. The use of explosives seismic source is dangerous and requires special protective measures, otherwise it is easy to cause damage to underground pipelines, underground buildings and roads, etc., especially in cities and villages where people live, it is more difficult to use. Controllable seismic source can solve these problems. The frequency of the hydraulic-driven controllable seismic source introduced from abroad is limited, bulky and expensive, and it is difficult to adapt to the needs of shallow high-resolution seismic survey.

This research adopts a brand-new electromagnetic drive method, and successfully develops the first electromagnetic-driven high-frequency controlled seismic system in China, which breaks through the bottleneck of frequency band limitation of the traditional hydraulic-driven controlled seismic source, and improves the upper limit of vibration frequency of the controlled seismic source, and raises the upper limit of frequency of the controlled seismic source from the hydraulic-driven frequency limit of 200 Hz to 1 kHz. In January 2000, it was awarded the national utility model patent; the newly developed PHVS-1000 electromagnetic high-power shallow seismic controllable vibration source system applied for the national invention patent in 2001, and has independent intellectual property rights.

Geochemical Investigation Technology in the Desert Gobi Area

In the Gobi Desert Covered Area, the deep mineral-bearing information is endowed in the soluble salts of the alkaline evaporation barriers and the iron and manganese oxide films of the oxidation barriers. This discovery provides a basis for the capture and extraction of deep penetrating geochemical information as well as the geochemical investigation of the large Gobi Desert area in western China. Aiming at the problems of weak deep penetration geochemical information and extraction and analysis of precious metals, a high-sensitivity Au, Pt, and Pd rapid coupling analysis method was developed, realizing the effective combination of surface geochemical methods and deep penetration geochemical methods. Using this new technology and method, a regional geochemical survey experiment has been carried out in an area of 150,000 square kilometers in the East Tien Shan, and a geochemical map has been produced, with 17 geochemical blocks larger than 1,000 square kilometers circled. In particular, the discovery of large-scale uranium anomalies in the Hami Basin indicates that this region may become the largest ground-leaching sandstone uranium ore base in China.

Prospective areas of uranium circled by deep penetration geochemical methods

Prospective areas of copper circled by deep penetration geochemical methods in the Eastern Tianshan Mountains

Regional geochemical data management information system

In order to satisfy the needs of storing, managing and applying the data of 1:200,000 regional geochemical survey sweeps of provinces, cities and autonomous regions nationwide, a regional geochemical survey data and application system integrating regional geochemical data and applications was developed and developed. GeoMDIS2000 is a specialized software system integrating geochemical survey data and application. The outstanding features of this system are:

(1) Integration of professional regional geochemical data management and general GIS functions. Users can establish multiple regional databases or multiple work target areas, realizing the dynamic and arbitrary expansion of the data structure of the analytical elements, highly integrating the management, processing, analysis, and mapping of the professional geochemical data as a whole, and realizing the retrieval and querying of arbitrary graphics.

(2) The production of geochemical thematic maps is comprehensive in type and specialized in function. It can prepare various types of geochemical maps, conveniently analyze the set of external data and thematic maps, automatically generate standardized thematic geochemical map decorations (coordinate grid, color scale, scale, histogram, etc.), and support the format conversion between the data of a variety of software systems commonly used in the field of geosciences and different types of data tables (Foxpro, Debase, Excel text).

2002 Report on the Scientific and Technological Development of Land Resources

(3) Using the natural function weighting method, the interpolation eliminates the distortion produced by the traditional interpolation method in dealing with the geochemical data with a large degree of discretization, and the contour lines in the null region can be eliminated without the constraint of the boundary conditions, so as to more realistically reflect the spatial distribution characteristics of the geochemical data.

Regional Rapid Comprehensive Evaluation Technology of Offshore Oil and Gas Resources

In response to the needs of China's marine resources development and maintenance of rights and interests, and in combination with China's geophysical generalization and census, a set of multidisciplinary offshore basin oil and gas resources early evaluation technology is being developed; a set of large-scale and multifunctional regional rapid oil and gas resources evaluation system is being successfully developed, which solves the following three key technological problems:① The small waveforms in the basin model description technology, and the small waveforms in the basin model description technology. (i) Wavelet noise cancellation processing, automatic identification and pickup of seismic wave travel time, 3D seismic wave field time field correction, 3D ray tracing of seismic waves in non-uniform media, etc. in basin model description technology; (ii) Establishment of stratigraphic model library, fuzzy identification and tracing closure of stratigraphic interfaces, and simulation technology on the basis of interpolation of 2D seismic data and seismic velocity modeling in basin simulation technology; (iii) Basin simulation technology in basin simulation; (iv) Development of a set of multidisciplinary offshore basin oil and gas resources early evaluation technology; and development of a large-scale multi-functional regional rapid oil and gas resources evaluation system. Basin temperature and pressure simulation and display of complex fault profile results in basin simulation technology.

The developed software system has the functions of basin description and basin simulation for the early evaluation of offshore oil and gas resources, and has the ability to be effectively used in the evaluation of oil and gas resources in China's offshore areas, which is highly practical. Its core technology has been transplanted to Crisis, a famous seismic processing system in China. The application of this technology in the early evaluation of oil and gas resources in Liaohe Fault, Xihu Depression in East China Sea and Wanan Basin in South China Sea has achieved good results.

Division of layer sequence (Wal100)

Hydrocarbon discharge intensity map at the end of Dongying, Shasan section

Research on upgrading and modification of D/max-A X-ray diffractometer

Using the computer technology, combined with certain hardware modifications, the various types of X-ray diffractometers imported in China in the 1980s have been modified in a large batch. The modified X-ray diffractometer has reached the analytical testing level of today's new instruments. In addition to conventional X-ray diffraction analysis, it can also realize multi-purpose, small angle goniometer, structural goniometer for automatic control and crystallinity, particle size distribution, map retrieval and other analyses, which is well received by the users, and lays a good foundation for the independent development of this type of instrument. In the past few years, more than 110 instruments have been transformed, making nearly 100 million yuan of instruments and equipment back into play, and its social benefits are very considerable, and has gained direct economic benefits of more than 4 million yuan.

D/max-A X-ray diffractometer

Full-hydraulic friction clamping top-pressure type joint pipe lifting machine

Jointing technology is one of the key technologies in underground diaphragm wall construction, and the joint pipe lifting machine is the key equipment of jointing technology. In the past construction, most of the domestic joints pulling up using winches mechanical and simple two-cylinder hydraulic pulling up, but often appear underground diaphragm wall joint pipe pulling up difficulties, and even the accident can not be pulled up, seriously affecting the efficiency and quality of the construction of underground diaphragm wall. From the mid-1990s, some foreign advanced lifting equipment has been imported one after another, but the reliability of lifting cannot be guaranteed when there is oil on the surface of the joint pipe or when the surface is polished and the additional resistance in the hole is large. In view of the existing problems of the domestic and foreign lifting equipment, we developed the underground diaphragm wall joint pipe lifting machine by adopting the fully hydraulic four-cylinder jacking and curved pattern plate friction holding structure, the lifting cylinder and the base spherical connection, and the equivalent friction force instead of the conventional friction force. Equivalent friction force instead of foreign conventional friction holding principle was first adopted in the structure, so that the permissible pulling force from the positive pressure of 0.335 times to 0.7 times, which greatly increases the pulling force under the same conditions of the holding force, improves the ability to adapt to the complex working conditions and the reliability of pulling, reduces the requirements for supporting equipment and appliances, and reduces the investment in the supporting equipment and appliances. In the lifting machine lifting cylinder lower part of the spherical structure of the joint, to solve the manufacturing, installation, construction of the inevitable error caused by the rigid connection of the stress concentration problem, to extend the service life of the equipment to provide a guarantee.

Appearance of hydraulic station

The actual use of this equipment in Jingtang harbor project has proved that it works reliably, the manufacturing and installation are easy and safe, the service life of the equipment is long, and the lifting force is large. The use of this equipment in the national key project Jingtang port underground diaphragm wall construction, to achieve revenue of 57.58 million yuan, new profits of 11.4 million yuan, new taxes of 1.9 million yuan.