How does Chinese medicine diagnose and treat diseases?

The theory of TCM comes from the summary of medical experience and China's ancient thought of Yin-Yang and Five Elements. Its contents include the theory of essence and qi, the theory of yin and yang and five elements, qi and blood, body fluid, viscera and meridians, constitution, etiology and pathogenesis, treatment principles, health preservation and so on. As early as more than two thousand years ago, the monograph Huangdi Neijing came out, which laid the foundation of traditional Chinese medicine. Today, China's theories, diagnosis methods and treatment methods related to traditional medicine can be found in this book. Traditional Chinese medicine has a complete theoretical system, and its uniqueness lies in the holistic view of "harmony between man and nature" and "correspondence between man and nature" and its treatment based on syndrome differentiation. The main features are as follows: man is considered as a part of nature, and nature is composed of yin and yang, which are opposite and interdependent, and are always in motion and change. Under normal physiological conditions, they are in a state of dynamic balance, and once this dynamic balance is destroyed, it presents a pathological state. However, when treating diseases and correcting the imbalance between Yin and Yang, we don't look at the problem in an isolated and static way, but mostly from a dynamic point of view, that is, we emphasize the concept of constant movement, and think that man and nature are a unified whole, that is, "harmony between man and nature" and "correspondence between man and nature". The law of human life activities and the occurrence of diseases are closely related to various changes in nature (such as seasonal climate, geographical territory, morning and evening, etc.). ). Different natural environments and people's adaptation to the natural environment have different physical characteristics and pathogenesis. Therefore, in the diagnosis and treatment of the same disease, we should pay more attention to the time, place and people, which is different. It is believed that all tissues and organs of the human body are a whole, and they are related and influenced each other physiologically and pathologically. Therefore, we never treat a certain physiological or pathological phenomenon in isolation, but treat the treatment and prevention of diseases from a holistic perspective, with special emphasis on the "holistic view"

Edit this essence theory

Qi is the original substance that constitutes everything in the world. The movement of qi is called "moving qi", which has four forms: "ascending" and "descending". Various changes brought about by exercise are called "gasification", such as "growth" of animals and "growth collection" of plants. Qi is the intermediary between heaven and earth, which makes them sympathetic. Such as: "man is related to heaven and earth, corresponding to the sun and the moon." The refinement of heaven and earth makes people.

Edit this theory of yin and yang

Yin and Yang are the generalization of the opposite nature of interrelated things or phenomena in the universe. At first, it refers to the back of sunshine, which is positive for sunshine and negative for sunshine. The interaction between Yin and Yang includes: Yin and Yang are mutually generated, restricted by opposites, utilized mutually, balanced by growth and decline, and transformed mutually.

Edit this five-element theory

The theory of five elements is an important achievement of China's ancient philosophy. The five elements are wood, fire, earth, gold and water, but this does not represent five substances, but five attributes. In traditional Chinese medicine, the five elements reflect the relationship between the five systems of the human body and these five attributes. The five symbols of wood, fire, earth, gold and water respectively represent the five systems led by liver, heart, spleen, lung and kidney. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) does not study the theory of how microscopic viruses and bacteria act on the human body, but the relationship between various systems of the whole human body. Through TCM, massage, acupuncture and even psychological effects, the balance between various systems is adjusted to maintain good health. The interaction of the five elements includes: mutual birth, mutual resistance, restraint, victory, mutual humiliation, multiplication and harmony between mother and child.

Edit this theory of Tibetan images

Zang: refers to the five internal organs and the strange and constant house in the human body, commonly known as zang-fu organs. Elephant: a finger "elephant", that is, the anatomical form of viscera; Two-finger "sign", that is, the physiological and pathological manifestations of viscera; The three fingers "should be like", that is, the viscera correspond to the images of Yin and Yang at four seasons. Understanding the physiological and pathological state of internal "Tibet" through the change of external "image" is called "observing Tibet from the image" That is, "look at the outside and know the inside." "Zangfu" is not only the concept of anatomical type, but also a comprehensive concept including anatomy, physiology and pathology. Five internal organs: refers to the liver, heart, spleen, lung and kidney, and has the general function of "transforming life and storing essence". Six fu organs: refers to the gallbladder, stomach, large intestine, small intestine, bladder and triple energizer, and its general function is to "decompose water, distinguish turbidity and disperse dregs". Qihengzhai: refers to "brain, marrow, bone, pulse, gallbladder and daughter cells". Qi, blood and body fluid are the basic substances that constitute and maintain human life activities. Qi originates from nature and acquired. Congenital essence from parents is called "innate qi". Natural clear qi inhaled by lungs and stored qi produced by spleen and stomach are collectively called "acquired qi". Qi has the functions of rising, warming, maintaining, solidifying, gasifying and nourishing. Qi of human body can be divided into primordial qi, ancestral qi, nourishing qi, defending qi, qi of viscera and qi of meridians. Abnormal ascending and descending movement of qi is called "qi disease", which is characterized by qi stagnation, qi depression, qi inversion, qi depression, qi loss, qi closure and so on. See the theory of meridians: acupuncture points and meridians are channels for human body to run qi and blood, connect viscera, body, organs and orifices, and communicate inside and outside. The meridian system includes the twelve meridians, the twelve meridians, Eight Meridians of Odd Meridians, Fifteen Meridians, Floating Collaterals, Taiyang Collaterals, the twelve meridians and Twelve Scales. The importance of meridians in traditional Chinese medicine is just as Bian Que Shuxin said: "If you don't understand meridians when studying medicine, you will be wrong when you speak. Covering the meridians is unknown, and there is no way to know the root of the disease, and to investigate its yin and yang transmission. "

Edit this paragraph of etiological theory

Huangdi Neijing divides the causes into yin and yang: "those born in yang get wind, rain, cold and heat" and "those born in yin get food, shelter, yin and yang and anger". In The Synopsis of the Golden Chamber in Hanshu, Zhang Zhongjing divided the causes into three categories: "The meridians are affected by evil spirits entering the zang-fu organs, which is the internal cause", "Nine orifices in the limbs, blood circulation, blood stasis, which is caused by exogenous skin", and "Atrium, golden blade, insect and beast injuries". In Song Dynasty, Chen Wuxuan put forward the theory of "three causes": external cause, internal cause and non-internal cause. Modern etiology is divided into five categories: exogenous etiology: including six evils (wind, cold, summer, dampness, dry fire) and furuncle. Etiology of internal injuries: including seven emotions (emotion, anxiety, sadness, fear), improper diet and fatigue. Secondary causes: including phlegm, blood stasis and stones. Other reasons: including trauma, parasites, fetal transmission, various poisons, drug treatment, etc. The fighting between pathogenic factors and healthy qi determines the development and changes of the disease. Also known as "the struggle between good and evil", "evil" refers to various pathogenic factors, while "health" refers to the human body's self-repair and adjustment ability, adaptability to the environment, disease resistance and so on. "Deficiency of healthy qi" is the internal basis of the disease, that is, "when evil is combined, its qi will be deficient", and "healthy qi exists inside, and evil cannot be done". Physique, mood, region, climate, etc. It is closely related to the onset. Pathogenesis Pathogenesis is the mechanism of disease occurrence, development and spread, also known as "pathology". The basic pathogenesis includes: the rise and fall of pathogenic qi, the imbalance of yin and yang, the imbalance of qi and blood, and the metabolic disorder of body fluid, including endogenous wind, endogenous cold, endogenous dampness and turbidity, body fluid injury and dryness, endogenous fiery evil, including the transformation of exterior and interior, the transformation of six meridians, the transformation of triple energizer, the transformation of health, qi and blood, and the transformation of viscera, including the transformation of cold and heat, and the transformation of deficiency and excess.