Words for Beiyong

Word: North Yong ()

Interpretation: ① Ming Dynasty called the State Tertiary Supervision in Nanjing (Imperial College) for the "South Yong", the State Tertiary Supervision in Beijing for the "North Yong". Yong, Pai Yong, the ancient University. ② 1898 the Qing government set up Beijing University Hall (now Peking University), Peking University is also known as "North Yong".

Source: ① Ming Jiajing wu "Bao Zhiding preface": "the first gentleman Tang Ye Gong remembered the world well, pick up the remains of Mr. collection, totaled into a collection, with a tour of Beiyong." ② Mr. Wu Mei made "the Palace Jin Tang Dao - send students in Beiyong": "Jingshan door open Acipenser apartment into a new, string recitation of a church spring. Broken morning and evening, the cock crows and the wind and rain are close to each other. The number of divisions, there are east and west secret documents. The same hall, all the North and South Confucian treasures. I would like to emphasize the importance of studying, so don't whiten your temples. Men have their own truth, who is not a good time handsome. I'm going to cultivate a young man with a good temperament."

Preface of Bao Zhiding: "The first gentleman, Mr. Tang Ye, remembered the good things of the world, and offered up the remains of Mr. Bao Zhiding's writings, which were collected into a collection and brought to Beiyong with him."

"Siku summary - yongliu - two volumes": "the official south yong twenty years, serious division, and the north yong priest Li Shimian flush, the world called 'south Chen north Li'."

Tongyin of the Alarming World: "Since childhood reading in the 庠, did not get enrolled in the examination, aid in the case of the North Yong." The Guozijian (国子监) is a centralized official school in ancient China after the Sui Dynasty, and was the highest school in the ancient Chinese education system. Beijing Guozijian is located in Beijing Dongcheng District, Andingmen within the Guozijian Street (formerly known as Chengxian Street) No. 15, with the Confucian Temple and the Yonghe Palace neighboring. Guozijian Street on both sides of the acacia shade, the east and west ends of the street and the Guozijian gate on both sides of the pagoda colorful, is Beijing's only remaining built four pagodas of the ancient construction of the street.

Beijing Guozijian was built in the Yuan Dynasty Dade ten years (A.D. 1306), is China's Yuan, Ming and Qing dynasties, the highest administrative organs of the state management of education and the highest school established by the state. The overall building of the Imperial College is located in the north-south, the central axis of the distribution of the Jixianmen (gate), Taixuemen (two doors), glazed pagodas, Piyong, Yilun Hall, Jingyi Pavilion. There are four halls and six chambers on the east and west sides, constituting a traditional symmetrical pattern, and it is the only existing ancient centralized public university building in China. Peking University was founded in 1898, initially known as the Peking University Hall, is the first university set up by the central government of China, for the beginning of China's modern formal university, its establishment marks the beginning of China's modern higher education, and created China's modern academic system.

Peking University was founded as the highest educational institution in China, and was also the highest educational administrative organization in China at that time, exercising the functions of the Ministry of Education and supervising the national education matters. Peking University has always regarded itself as the orthodox school of the Imperial College, and has inherited the school system of the Imperial College, which was the highest school of the country in all dynasties since the Imperial College of the Western Han Dynasty, until the Imperial College in the Qing Dynasty, and then the Peking University Hall. Peking University is the continuation of China's ancient highest educational institutions in the modern era, since the establishment of the school has been enjoying a high reputation. Some people use "the upper inheritance of the orthodoxy of the Imperial College, under the University of the ancestral court" to evaluate the historical status of Peking University.

Because of the "North Yong", "South Yong" is implicit and has a literary color, so it is repeatedly used. For example, during the period of South Higher Education and Southeast University, old professors like to call the president Liu Boming as "South Yong priest"; in 2003, the physicist Yuan Jiayao died, Nanjing University's official couplet called itself "South Yong after the study"; accordingly, in 1917, the 20th anniversary of the University of North Accordingly, in 1917, the 20th anniversary of Peking University, then Professor of Liberal Arts, Mr. Wu Mei, also composed a "quasi-school song", that is, "the Palace of the Jin Tang Road - sent to the students of North Yong".

JingShanGongJinTangDao-Sending the students of North Yong

JingShanGate opened Acipenser apartment into the new, all new, the string recitation of a church spring.

Breaking the dusk of the morning, the cock crows and the wind and rain are close to each other.

Counting the division, there is something secret text.

They are all in the same classroom, and they are all from the north and south.

This is the first time I've ever seen a man with a pair of hairs on his head, and I've never seen a man with a pair of hairs on his head.

Men have their own truth, who is not a good time handsome.

To be cultivated, the articles and temperament of young people. (excerpt) to inherit the orthodoxy of the Imperial College, the establishment of the University of the ancestral family - Peking University historical status overview (Author: a b)

The Rites of Passage - Records of Learning, said that "the ancient teachings, the family has a school, the party has a ziang, the art of the order of the state-owned school". It means that in ancient times, there were "private schools" in one family, "庠" in one party (500 families as party), "序" in one sui (12,500 families as sui), "序" in one country, and "庠" in one country, "庠" in one party, "庠" in one country, and "序" in one country. "In a country, there was the "Imperial College" ("National College"). The "Imperial College" here refers to the highest institution of learning in the country. "Taixue" of the Western Zhou Dynasty has been, and the establishment of Taixue, from the Western Han Dynasty, Emperor Wu Yuan Shuo five years (124 BC), "set up five doctor, fifty disciples" in Chang'an; the Eastern Han Dynasty, Luoyang, the number of Taixue was up to 30,000, the most in history; the Three Kingdoms, Wei inherited the Han system, also set up Wei inherited the Han system, also set up the Imperial College; Western Jin Dynasty set up a state school; after that, the Eastern Jin Dynasty, the Southern Dynasty also from the; Sui and set up a state school; Tang extended the Sui system; Song called the state school or state school; Yuan set up a state school; Ming and Qing dynasties also set up a state school.

Comprehensive view, since the Western Han Dynasty since the establishment of the Imperial College, the Western Jin Dynasty to the Ming and Qing Dynasties or set up the Imperial College, or set up the State Children's College (Supervisor), or both at the same time, the name is different, the system has changed, but are the highest school of the country. This China's highest school of the line (I call it "taixue xuexue"), since the Han Dynasty until the end of the Qing Dynasty, although repeatedly stopped by the war, but the world is stable when it was repeatedly rebuilt, stretching nearly two thousand years and the flame is not extinguished. Such a continuation of the Chinese Taixue school system is not only unique in the world, but also the longest duration. It should be said that this is the pride of China.

Toward the end of the Qing Dynasty, Western learning spread to the East. The Qing government began to imitate the West and set up a series of Western-style schools during the foreign affairs movement. The "Hundred Days Reform" when the country began to formally set up a Western-style university. 1898 June 11, Emperor Guangxu declared in Tiananmen Square, "the state of the edict", formally put forward to build the "Peking University Hall". On July 3 of the same year, the Peking University Hall was formally established, and Sun Jia'nai was the first minister in charge of the school. Peking University Hall is the first university formally established in modern China, and its establishment marks the beginning of modern higher education in China. Although the Peking University Hall imitated the Western system, but "secondary school for the body", and its system and the Imperial College (Imperial College) have a lot of similarities. Like the Guozijian, the Peking University Hall was both the highest educational institution in China and the highest educational administrative organization in China. Only, the State Prison is the "old school" of the highest school and the highest administrative organs, while the Peking University Hall is the "new school" of the highest school and the highest administrative organs. In 1902, Zhang Baixi, the minister of the Peking University Hall, promulgated "the statute of the imperial school", namely "renyin school system", which is the first modern school system in Chinese history. The statute provides for the establishment of a hierarchy of schools, primary schools, secondary schools, higher schools and university halls, which is located in the "spire" of the "university hall" that is, the Peking University Hall, the country's only "university hall", "Peking University Hall". "In 1904, the Qing government decided to merge the educational administrative functions of the Imperial College and the Peking University Hall into the Ministry of Education (similar to today's Ministry of Education). 1905, the Qing government further abolished the Imperial College and the imperial examination system, which had lasted for thousands of years. Thus, the Beijing Normal University Hall really became the only supreme school in the late Qing Dynasty, the continuation of two thousand years of the "Imperial College System" also finally and indisputably fell on the head of the Beijing Normal University Hall. After the abolition of the state eunuch and the imperial examination system, people take the capital university hall as a substitute for the imperial examination and a shortcut to enter the career, which makes the capital university hall in the early days of a lot of the bad taste of the state eunuch. But this also from the side of the early Beijing University Hall on the inheritance of the Imperial College (Guozijian).

The Peking University is today's Peking University. In 1948, Hu Shih said in his article "The Fiftieth Anniversary of Peking University", "I have said that Peking University is the official successor to the 'Taixue' of all the generations, and if Peking University really wants to overwhelm people with the years, he can trace back The 'Great Learning' began in the fifth year of Yuan Shuo, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty (124 B.C.), when Gong Sun Hong petitioned for the establishment of fifty disciples for the doctorate. That is the historically credible origin of the 'Taixue', which is two thousand and seventy-two years old this year. This is higher than any university in the world!" Hu Shi is a generation of literary and historical scholars, naturally, he will not believe in his own words. In addition to Hu Shi, Feng Youlan, Ren Jigai, Zhou Peiyuan, Ji Xianlin, Xiao Chaoran and other scholars and professors have also expressed in their articles that they are in favor of Peking University's "Traceability of Taixue", and some people have even proposed that Peking University's history should be moved forward by one or two thousand years. Taixue as Peking University's "origin predecessor" is undoubtedly - from China's highest national institution of learning "school system" to calculate, Peking University is indeed more than 2,000 years of history.

The Peking University Hall is the first university formally established in modern China. The term "university" here specifically refers to a university modeled after a Western university, as opposed to the ancient Chinese Imperial College (hereafter referred to as the "Imperial College"). Before the founding of the Peking University Hall, there were no universities in China. On this point, many people will certainly have questions: as we all know, Peking University was founded in 1898, and China claims to have been founded before 1898, at least Wuhan University (1893), Tianjin University (1895), Jiaotong University (1896), Zhejiang University (1897), etc. But these schools formally became universities when they were founded. But these schools officially became universities later than Peking University.

The birth of China's education system began with the establishment of the Peking University Hall. The Peking University Hall was not only the highest educational institution in the country, but also the highest educational administrative organization in the country (similar to the Ministry of Education). In other words, the establishment of the Peking University Hall was also the establishment of the Ministry of Education, which was the predecessor of today's Ministry of Education. With such an educational administration, the educational "system" was born. Not only that, the establishment of the Peking University Hall was also the establishment of China's modern school system. 1902, the Peking University Hall was rebuilt after the turmoil, the then Minister of Education (equivalent to the President of Peking University and the Minister of Education), Zhang Baixi, promulgated the "Regulations of the Imperial College" (renyin school system). This is the first modern school system in Chinese history. It can be seen that the establishment of the Peking University Hall and the establishment of the school system are synchronized, or simply one. Therefore, the Peking University Hall was initially a trinity of school, education management organization and academic system, and the establishment of the Peking University Hall in 1898 also formally marked the birth of the first formal university and the first supreme education management organization in modern China, as well as the beginning of modern higher education in China. From the definition of "national university" as "belonging directly to the highest educational organization of the state", Peking University Hall is also the first national university in modern China. In addition, it was also the first comprehensive university in China. Since its establishment, Peking University has been committed to multidisciplinary and comprehensive education, covering all disciplines from basic arts and sciences to applied law, agriculture, industry and medicine. At the same time, Peking University also established the earliest formal undergraduate education in China. 1910, Peking University set up a "university of different disciplines" after many years of preparation, divided into Arts, Gezhi, Economics, Law and Politics, Commerce, Engineering, Agriculture and so on, the earliest formal undergraduate education in China was also finally born.

The Peking University Hall as China's first formal university in modern times, and its birth from the essence and the basic level from top to bottom of the profound impact of the whole of China's modern higher education in the history of the century. Because of this, it is "the ancestral court of the university". Although the Peking University Hall from the "academic system" on the inheritance of the continuation of two thousand years of the Imperial College, but the birth of its "real body", but also a radical innovation, and such "innovation" to lay and create the The birth of its "real body", however, was a complete innovation, and such an "innovation" laid the foundation for and initiated the century-long history of modern Chinese higher education. "To carry on the orthodoxy of the Imperial College, to establish the ancestral court of the university" is precisely the evaluation of Peking University's position in China's higher education as a carrier of the past and the future, as well as an inheritor of innovation.

All the discussions in this paper are based on the metaphysical and symbolic significance of the historical status of Peking University, and do not involve the reality. From the symbolic level, Peking University's unique, nearly perfect historical position is not only unprecedented, but also the last; but on the practical level, Peking University is just an ordinary university, Peking University's development needs to be not on the status of the history of complacency, but the reality of the down-to-earth progress.