What are the characteristics of Chinese humanities

I. Emphasis on human beings over gods In traditional Chinese culture, human beings are the center of all things in the universe. In traditional Chinese culture, man is the center of all things in the universe. Most ancient Chinese thinkers lacked enthusiasm for religion. They were *** with the same concern is society, the reality of life. That is, Confucius, "the righteousness of the people, respect for ghosts and gods and far away" ("Analects - Yong also"), Zhuangzi "outside the six, the saints exist without regard to" ("Zhuangzi") of the said. Chinese traditional culture is focused on the human right and wrong and longevity, the transcendence of the reality of the afterlife, but little attention, thus forming a traditional culture of light ghosts and gods, the prominent features of personnel. Confucianism is a kind of moral belief, the pursuit of perfect personality and peaceful politics, not the worship of gods and goddesses, each other's art, God and power. Confucius "does not speak of strange, forceful, chaotic, gods" and advocates "doing one's best to know the fate of heaven" and "how can one know death if one does not know life". Confucianism has the spirit of religion without the religious obsession, with the cultural tolerance without the party of the different.

The so-called "Tao" of traditional culture mainly refers to people's worldview, outlook on life, political ideals, moral standards, etc. In a nutshell, it is Confucianism's "benevolence, righteousness and morality"; "ware" refers to concrete things and moral principles. The term "instrument" refers to the specific things and the system of names and objects.

Confucius emphasized that "the gentleman is not a tool" ("Analects of Confucius"), which certainly has the personality can not be biased towards one end of the implication, but also revealed the "know people" overrides the "knowledge" tendency. Confucius said, "In the morning, I will be in the city, and in the evening, I will be in the city. Confucius said: "When you hear of the Way, you can die in the evening" ("Analects - Liren") "The gentleman seeks the Way not to seek food,......, the gentleman worries about the Way not to worry about the poor." ("Analects - Wei Ling Gong") in Confucius, sensual desire (seek food) and rational pursuit (seek the road) between the two, the latter is in a position to prioritize, once the "will to the road", even in adversity, but also can achieve spiritual pleasure. That is why Confucius praised his student Yan Hui: "He is wise, Hui! A round basket of food, a dipper of water, in the ugly alley, people can't bear to worry, but the return also does not change its joy." ("Analects of Confucius - Yongya").

Three, the people for the state of the concept of "people-oriented" was first seen in the "Shangshu" Song of the Five Sons: "the people can be close, can not be down; the people for the state of the state of the state of the state." This means that the people can only be close, not intimidated, because the people form the basis of national politics, and only if the foundation is solid, the peace of the country can be guaranteed.

An important feature of Confucius' Confucianism is that it is people-oriented, emphasizes the people's love for the people, and expresses a clear tendency of realism. Put the "raise the people also benefit", "make the people also righteous", "make the people to time", "make the people such as bearing the great sacrifice", "To give to the people is to give to the people", "to make the people righteous", "to keep the people in time", "to make the people as if they were to bear a great sacrifice", "to give to the people in a generous way and to help the people", etc. These are the ways of the benevolence of the people and the gentleman and the rulers are asked to follow them. Mencius believed that benevolence and non-benevolence are the symbols and basis for the rise and fall of a nation, and put forward the theory of "the people are the most important thing to the ruler": "The people are the most important thing, the altars of the earth and grain come second, and the ruler is the least important thing to the ruler" ("Mengzi - Under the Heart of Perfection"). It is required that those who are in charge of the government should be "kind and benevolent to the people, and benevolent to the people and loving to the things" (Mencius, "The Heart of Perfection").

It is these differences that make up the profound and rich humanistic pursuit of traditional Chinese culture, standing proudly in the world's cultural forest, and more and more attention from the world. The humanistic pursuit of traditional culture embodies the survival value of what makes a human being human, and also reflects the value of ancient Chinese culture ahead of its time.