What does finance mean?

Question 1: What does finance mean? Finance is "the politics of financial management". The word "finance" has two meanings: 1. In practical sense, it refers to an economic sector of the country (or * * *), that is, the financial sector, which is a comprehensive sector that the country (or * * *) raises and supplies funds through its revenue and expenditure activities to ensure the realization of the functions of the country (or * * *). 2. From the perspective of economics, finance is an economic category. As an economic category, finance is an economic activity with the country as the main body, and it is a revenue and expenditure activity that concentrates a part of national income to meet the needs of the public, so as to achieve the goal of optimizing resource allocation, fair distribution and stable economic development. Finance is a theory to study "finance" and an important part of economics.

The word "finance" has two main meanings:

First, in practical sense, finance is "the politics of financial management". Refers to an economic sector of the country (or * * *), that is, the financial sector, which is a comprehensive sector of the country (or * * *) to raise and supply funds through its revenue and expenditure activities to ensure the realization of the functions of the country (or * * *).

Second, from the perspective of economics, finance is an economic category. As an economic category, finance is an economic activity with the country as the main body, and it is a revenue and expenditure activity that concentrates a part of national income to meet the needs of the public, so as to achieve the goal of optimizing resource allocation, fair distribution and stable economic development. Its essence is that in order to realize its functions, the state participates in the distribution and redistribution of some social products and national income by virtue of political power, forming a special distribution relationship.

As an economic process, "finance" includes two parts: fiscal revenue and fiscal expenditure. Income mainly comes from taxes and national debt, and expenditure mainly includes social consumption expenditure, financial investment expenditure and transfer expenditure.

Throughout the ancient books preserved in China for thousands of years, we can see that words such as "national use", "national plan", "expenditure" and "financial management" are all records of today's "wealth", that is, * * * * the way to manage wealth, "internal history of treating millet", "big agricultural order" and other words.

According to textual research, in the 24th year of Guangxu in Qing Dynasty, namely 1898, the imperial edict of the Reform Movement of 1898 stipulated that "finance should be reformed and the national budget should be implemented", which was the first time that the word "finance" was used in the literature of * * *. The use of the word "finance" was indirectly "introduced" from Japan under the guidance of introducing western cultural ideas at that time, while Japan came from the English word "public finance".

During the Revolution of 1911, Dr. Sun Yat-sen repeatedly used the word "finance" to emphasize financial reform. When the Republic of China was founded, the institution in charge of state revenue and expenditure was called the Ministry of Finance. The English word for the American counterpart is the Department of Treasury, which originally means Treasury or Treasury, and is also translated into the Ministry of Finance in China.

According to the different functions and nature of finance, people call "finance" national finance and "public finance" at different historical stages.

Question 2: What does financial preparation mean? Establishment is the establishment of institutions, the staffing of personnel and the distribution of posts.

Usually refers to the establishment of institutions, the quota of personnel and the distribution of posts. The amount of financial allocation shall be formulated by the personnel departments at all levels, and the financial department shall allocate funds accordingly. Preparation is usually divided into administrative preparation and career preparation, and the staff of general institutions are generally divided into preparation personnel and non-preparation personnel (non-preparation personnel are the personnel employed by the unit itself, just like the employment of enterprises, the unit sets its own treatment and pays its own wages, which has nothing to do with local finance). Therefore, the treatment of non-staff personnel is not necessarily worse than that of internal staff.

Question 3: What do you mean by fiscal deficit? Fiscal deficit is the difference between fiscal expenditure and fiscal revenue. Because it is handled in red letters in accounting, it is called fiscal deficit. It reflects a country's balance of payments. Fiscal deficit is a manifestation of the failure to achieve balance between fiscal revenue and expenditure, and it is a worldwide financial phenomenon. Fiscal deficit, that is, budget deficit, refers to the deficit in the arrangement of income and expenditure at the beginning of each fiscal year. If the actual implementation results show that the income is greater than the expenditure, it is a fiscal surplus.

Question 4: What does the budget mean? Budget is a basic fiscal revenue and expenditure plan approved by legal procedures in a fiscal year. The financial budget regulates and arranges financial activities, which directly reflects the policy intention of * * *, and is directly related to the quality of social and economic operation. It needs to make careful plans and programs first. Take the budget year of 20 1 1 as an example. The budget is something to be done before 201110. 20 1 165438 what is the estimated fiscal revenue and what expenses are you going to spend? Final accounts can only be made on 20111231. 20 1 1 What is the actual fiscal revenue and expenditure?

Question 5: What do you mean by fiscal deficit? Expenditure is quite large, and fiscal revenue is less than expenditure or expenditure is greater than income. As a solution, the state may make up for the national fiscal deficit by issuing additional bank notes. Or borrow money, so there are bonds. It is also necessary to reduce budget expenditures or increase taxes.

Question 6: What does the fiscal year mean? 50 cents fiscal year (noun):

Any twelve-month period used by the company or * * * for tax purposes.

Question 7: What is fiscal expenditure? It is common to collect fees in local financial business. First of all, it is clear that the part collected and charged does not belong to the financial resources of public houses.

Specifically, it should be some kind of tax or charge. When included in income, all or part of it is also an expenditure item.

As far as legitimacy is concerned, it can be divided into two categories:

One is to levy taxes or fees first, and then return them according to regulations, and some of them are tax expenditures, which belong to subsidies. Taxes can be fully included in income, and some subsidies can be charged. If the subsidy amount is 6,543,800 yuan, it is called a charge of 6,543,800 yuan. There are * * * at the corresponding level that cannot be controlled, which are collected by departments and directly used by departments, and also belong to the category of column collection and expenditure.

The other is illegal revenue and expenditure, but finance is a common phenomenon in many places, which is what we often call false fiscal revenue, mainly in the form of revenue and expenditure. In order to complete the financial revenue task assigned by the superior, or to improve the economic performance of the company, or to attract investment from enterprises, it is purely an "idle" behavior that leads to the distortion of the national budget and final accounts. What you said above should belong to the first category (if it is difficult to explain, it will not be stated in the official document).

Question 8: What does it mean to eat finance? Civil servants also eat finance, and he eats state finance. Your grain finance should belong to local finance and internal employment. However, in some places, internal employees will be converted into regular employees of state units, and they can be promoted. But now this society has no money and no power, and you can't help it.

Question 9: The meaning and essence of finance Finance is an economic category as well as a historical category. The so-called finance is to meet the needs of the public, make up for the shortage of the market, and allocate some social total products and resources with the country as the main body. The essence of finance is a distribution relationship.

Question 10: What does fiscal austerity mean? Fiscal frugality.