Wu Zuguang's family.

Birthday:1927 65438+1October 26th, the 23rd day of the third lunar month.

Death:1April, 998 12, March, Lunar New Year 16.

Pingju in Tsing Yi and Hua Dan. Formerly known as Yang Shumin. Tianjin people. ** * party member. 6 years old, studying Peking Opera; /kloc-studied drama at the age of 0/2, and starred at the age of 0/4. After 1949, he served as the head of Beijing Experimental Theatre, the deputy head of the Cultural and Art Troupe of the General Political Department of the People's Liberation Army, and the actor of the Chinese Theatre. Writer. Member of the 7th CPPCC National Committee. Started publishing works in the mid-1960s.

childhood

When I was a child, I studied Peking Opera with my "sister" Yang Jinxiang. When I was thirteen, I visited Wang Xianfang, Deng, and others. And began to play the leading role at the age of fifteen. During this period, New Xia Feng starred in Wulongyuan, A Woman's Red Butterfly, Poor Autumn Fragrance, Double Marriage and San Xiao Dianchouxiang, which were well received by audiences in Tianjin, Shanghai, Jinan and Qin.

In the early days of New China.

1949 after the liberation of Beijing, he came to Beijing and formed the Beijing Drama Club, playing the leading role. 1950, under the guidance of * * * producer's drama reform policy, the Jingshi experimental drama review group was established, with Xin as the protagonist and head. 195 1 year, newly transferred to the Liberation Drama Troupe of the General Political and Cultural Art Troupe of China People's Liberation Army as the leading actor and deputy head. From 65438 to 0953, he was newly transferred to China Pingju Troupe of China Opera Research Institute as an actor. 1955, China Pingju was established, and he is the new actor, deputy director, director and honorary director of China Pingju.

Persecuted during the Cultural Revolution.

Letter 1957 was wrongly classified as Rightist and was treated unfairly. She was persecuted during the Cultural Revolution and deprived of the right to be an actress, which was a great destruction to her body and mind. 1975, she suffered from hemiplegia due to cerebral thrombosis and had to bid farewell to the stage of drama evaluation. 1979, the new was completely rehabilitated. After the Third Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee, the Party once again blew into a new heart. With amazing perseverance, she stood up her injured body and took a staggering step, once again pioneering and enterprising in new artistic fields. She teaches, writes, speaks, teaches and writes. Xin dragged his heavy body and sat in a wheelchair to tell his disciples and students a drama and demonstrate singing. She overcame mobility difficulties and went to the theater to watch students' performances many times to encourage and support future generations. Under her selfless teaching, a large number of disciples and students, including Gu, Zhao, Zhao Sanfeng, etc., have become outstanding successors of Everbright's new school of art and become the backbone and backbone of today's pingju career. Tao Li's innovation in the world is an outstanding drama educator with many children in the field of Chinese drama.

Learn from Qi Baishi

Xin is a disciple of Qi Baishi, a famous master of Chinese painting. After leaving the stage because of disability, New Xia Feng is still full of enthusiasm for life. Her traditional Chinese paintings are as unpretentious, fresh and elegant as her singing art. 1994 The Cultural Department of the General Political Department held a solo exhibition for Xin in Junbo.

Join the party with honor

New Xia Feng aspires to be a glorious party member. As early as the early days of the founding of People's Republic of China (PRC), Xin solemnly applied to join the Party. But the rough experience made her wish never come true. After smashing the Gang of Four, Xin applied to join the Party again. Xin Yu 1982 was approved to join the Party, which realized her long-cherished wish for many years and became a glorious China * * * production party party member. Since then, she has devoted herself to her later artistic career with a higher attitude and a high sense of responsibility for the art of Pingju.

As a member of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference (CPPCC) and a representative of the art of pingju, Xin has been calling for the revitalization of opera and the prosperity of pingju for many years. Newly won the first gold record award in China. 1997 was awarded the China Artist Lifetime Achievement Award by the Meihua Art Society in new york, USA. He has lectured in Hong Kong and Singapore and is an internationally renowned artist. Wu Huan's name was given by the old man Baishi, which means "no joy, no joy" in Taoism. From the age of four, he suffered from the "father's shadow" and tasted the warmth of the world. His experience is very unique. In him, there are both extraordinary talents inherited from his parents and unruly and open-minded after several hardships of "sports". The political changes that have taken place since the 1950s have not only failed to hinder his growth, but have achieved his wild temperament and various artistic talents. Nowadays, Wu Huan is not only proficient in writing, painting and calligraphy, but also has everything at his fingertips.

During the period of 1998, the first anniversary of Hong Kong's return to China, Wu Huan held his first solo exhibition in Hong Kong-The Painting and Calligraphy Exhibition of Chivalrous Wu Huan, which was delivered by Mr. Cha. During the exhibition, his father, Wu Zuguang, went to Hong Kong to help out, and celebrities gathered in the whole exhibition, causing a sensation in Hong Kong. This time, Wu Huan originally agreed to hold an art exhibition with his mother Xin. Unexpectedly, his mother died suddenly in April of that year, which was the only regret of his first art exhibition.

As the only painter representative of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference (CPPCC) and Hong Kong, Wu Huan used the philosophical words "The biggest change in Hong Kong is that there is no change" to describe his personal feelings of shuttling between Beijing and Hong Kong. However, he added, of course, there have been some changes in culture and art since the return of Hong Kong. This change is due to the close ties between Hong Kong and the Mainland, and the gradual acceleration of inheriting China's traditional culture.

As a noble family, Wu Huan cherishes the cultural heritage of his family-his grandfather Wu Ying is a famous painter and one of the founders of the Palace Museum, his father Wu Zuguang is a famous scholar, dramatist and calligrapher, and his mother Xin is a famous Pingju performer, writer and painter. This book has been handed down from generation to generation, and his ancestors left him endless "wealth", which not only means material possession, but also means spiritual inheritance. In his apartment in Beijing, his respect and understanding for his elders are everywhere. In the living room, grandpa Wu Ying, grandma Zhou, dad Wu Zuguang, mom Xin's big photo are all hung on the wall in an orderly way. Grandpa's calligraphy plaque made Wu Huan fondle admiringly and hung in the living room. Wu Huan said that sitting on the sofa and looking up at this plaque can always urge yourself to be a disciplined person. For his own destiny, Wu Zuguang also had a review and memories before his death. The "second-rate pavilion" is a traumatic memory that he can't get rid of.

Huang Miaozi, a painter born in 19 13, lived in Australia for nearly ten years in the late 1980s, and served as a visiting professor at Griffith University in Queensland. He is a witness to the second-rate hall. In an interview with reporters in his apartment in Beijing, he said: The second-rate pavilion is an absurd farce.

The initial formation of the second-rate clubhouse was related to a man named Tang Yu. Tang Yu, an overseas Chinese in Yangon, was active in the Shanghai film industry in the early 1960s. It is said that he fled to Shanghai because he opposed arranged marriage, and later moved to Chongqing. Tang Yu has a brother in Yangon who is a wealthy businessman. A rich brother is a brother and cares about his brother. Tang Yu's brother gave him a gold comb and told him that if he had no money, he could exchange a comb tooth for money. Tang Yu had a whim with this comb, sold the gold comb and built a house with the money he got.

New houses are constantly being built, all of which are made of local materials. Most of them are made of huge bamboos that are easily available locally, and tied up to make roof frames, doors and windows. Then plaster the inside and outside and cover the roof, and it becomes the living room. This kind of building, collectively referred to as "tied house" in the local area, can be turned into beautiful western-style houses after careful processing. Tang Yu built more than two or three houses for his friends. His first house, Lu Yi, was for the Xia Yan family.

Wu Zuguang wrote in Memories of the Second Class: The biggest house that Tang Yu finally built was in the side village, which was downhill from Zhongdi Road to Sidi. It has a spacious living room and three bedrooms. It is well decorated and named "Bilu". "Bilu" is homophonic with "fireplace". Tang Yu especially likes fireplaces, and a beautiful fireplace has been built in the living room.

Huang Miaozi said that Tang Yu's Bilu is an attractive place in Chongqing's literary and art circles, and friends are willing to come here to get together. Bilu is like a salon or a club. During that time, Wu Zuguang was an active figure in Bilu, and his years in Chongqing were the heyday of Wu Zuguang's life. In Chongqing, drama has become the most popular and fashionable cultural activity, and Wu Zuguang's Song of Righteousness, Journey of Youth and Cowherd and Weaving Girl have all become popular dramas.

In the heyday of green, there were more than a dozen tenants. One day, Bing Xu (Bing Xu was the Minister of United Front after liberation, who was in charge of literature and art in Chongqing at that time) and Guo Moruo came to Bilu, and the people who lived there had not got up yet. Bing Xu said that these slackers are really lazy. In fact, everyone took part in the performance at that time, and it was already three or four o'clock in the middle of the night when it ended. At that time, everyone had just learned a northern Shaanxi word "loafer", so Lao Guo said he would give them a name "second-rate hall". The name of "second-rate club" came from this.

But Wu Zuguang doesn't like this name. He has been diligent in writing and doesn't like chatting in groups.

After the victory of the Anti-Japanese War, everyone went their separate ways. From 65438 to 0947, Wu Zuguang went to Hongkong. After arriving in Hong Kong, he became a film director, which brought him new popularity and rich income.

Wu Zuguang returned to Beijing in September 1949. In front of him is a new country and a happy marriage waiting for him.

At that time, actors Dai Hao and Yu and his wife rented an old-fashioned villa at No.34, Dongdan West Kannonji. The entrance is a row of six bungalows connected to a building. They sublet a building to Sheng Lun Jia. Wu Xiling, a musician, lives in a big room downstairs. In addition, two bungalows across the courtyard were rented by Huang Miaozi and Ryan. Old friends gather here again, or the old people in Bilu. So it immediately spread that the "second-rate pavilion" was rebuilt in Beijing.

Wu Zuguang rented a row of bungalows and six rooms. He and Xin got married here.

Xin was sold to Tianjin as a child and grew up in a slum in Tianjin. My father sells candied haws, my mother can't read, and my family lives by singing. She studied drama at the age of 6 and became the heroine at the age of 14. 1949, when Xin was 22 years old, she began to go to Beijing to break into the world. She met Wu Zuguang in Beijing. In Beijing, Wu Zuguang and Xin's marriage became famous for a while.

Wu Zuguang is an active figure in the "second-rate pavilion", and young artists often visit him. Du Gao, banks and Ye Tao often gather around him. These people are regarded as "small families" of "second-rate clubs".

1954, Wu Zuguang, deeply influenced by the interpersonal relationship of the "second-rate guild hall", bought a new quadrangle with room 18 at No.9 Majiamiao in Shuaifuyuan. He came to live in Beijing with his parents who lived in Shanghai. At that time, his father had been ill for many years after a stroke.

During the movement of "eliminating counter-revolutionaries" at that time, something happened in the "Second-rate Pavilion". Some people thought this place was very strange, why many artists went in and out there. Old Qi Baishi and Mei Lanfang, young Du Gao and Granci, people from the art and music circles, so many people get together. Many people began to doubt. Subsequently, the "small family" members of the "second-rate pavilion" were identified as members of the "Hu Feng Counter-revolutionary Group", and the people who came and went to the "second-rate pavilion" were considered as the peripheral organizations of the "Hu Feng Group" and were censored.

1957, the "second-rate hall" was investigated again, and a task force came over and asked: What are you doing here? Actually, I didn't do anything Just talked about literature and art, talked. The task force doesn't believe it. Painter Zhang Ding wants to start a magazine at the beginning of 1957, and he is waiting for the approval of his application. This matter was also put on file by the task force, saying that the "second-rate pavilion" would run an organ publication.

Many people asked why the organization "second-rate pavilion" was established, and those who were asked said that there was no such organization at all. However, some people deliberately hit people when they are down, saying that the "second-rate pavilion" has a seal. Because Sheng Jialun asked Wang's brother to carve a "second-rate hall", he said it was a hall seal at that time. Wu Zuguang bought some New Year pictures, which were painted by several children. The topic is "Never tire of playing". Wu Zuguang liked the song "Never tire of playing" and sent a copy to every friend. He hung "Never tire of playing" on the wall, and no one else hung it. That kind of "never tired of playing" is regarded as a sign of "second-rate pavilion" At that time, the "Petofi Club" incident occurred in Hungary. "Second-rate Pavilion" is regarded as "petofi Club" in China.

1957 after the anti-rightist movement began, many "second-rate churches" were classified as "Rightists".

In May this year, the CPC Central Committee called on everyone to help the Party in the rectification movement. "You know everything, you can say anything; The speaker is innocent and the listener is warned. " Wu Zuguang has stopped his film work, which he has never been interested in, and is eager to write a new script named Blowing a Pool of Spring Water. However, people kept coming from home and interrupted his writing. Many journalists from newspapers and magazines, many friends who talk about the current political situation, and even some old-timers who are cultural leaders all asked Wu Zuguang to accompany them to a small folk troupe to "set fire". More specifically, they were ordered to ask Wu Zuguang to express his opinions and write articles to give advice to the leaders. And Wu Zuguang's leadership of the literary and art circles is indeed quite a lot of opinions; But Wu Zuguang met with resistance in his home.

This boycott came from his wife, New Xia Feng. When she heard some opinions from Wu Zuguang, she felt disgusted and even scared. She believes that in the old society, she suffered a lot, thanks to the * * * production party saved her; Although there are problems with today's leadership style, it is much better than the old society. Wu Zuguang said: "This time, the * * * production party invited everyone to make suggestions. In order to improve the work, it was requested by Chairman Mao." She said, "You mustn't mention it either!"

1957 On May 3 1 day, Zhou Yang and Yang Hansheng invited Wu Zuguang to attend a meeting of the All-China Federation of Literary and Art Circles and sent someone to pick him up. The car honked at the gate, and the person who picked him up urged him, but his docile wife refused to let him go. New Xia Feng stood astride the door, forbidding Wu Zuguang to go out. There is no room for change. Wu Zuguang pushed his wife away. He heard his wife crying, but he didn't look back. He ran out of the yard, out of the gate and got on the bus.

Wu Zuguang recalled: "This is the first time in my life that I have been so rude to women, and I really regret it all my life."

From the consequences, the wife's obstruction is right. Only five or six people, including Ma Sicong and Jinshan, attended the meeting that day. Later, Wu Zuguang's speech at that meeting was published in the newspaper by his predecessor, Mr. Tian Han, under the title "The Party's Mending the Art Work after It's Dead", which became the irrefutable evidence of Wu Zuguang's anti-Party.

Wu Zuguang was labeled as a "Rightist" and a counter-revolutionary Rightist.

1958 One morning in early spring, it snowed heavily. Wu Zuguang went to his parents' room to say goodbye to the old man. He will take a huge right-wing brigade of 500 people to the Great Northern Wilderness for labor reform. As early as a few months ago, when Wu Zuguang began to be criticized, he took away all relevant newspapers and periodicals from his father, so the sick father didn't know what had happened or where his son was going. He broke up with a smile. At that time, Wu Zuguang didn't know it was a farewell to his father. In the second year, my father died, and it has been half a month since Wu Zuguang received a telegram from the funeral home when he was working in the spring ploughing field.

1966, the "cultural revolution" began. At first, the storm did not spread to Wu Zuguang. When the "capitalist roaders" and the establishment were caught out, the old Rightists were caught out again. The problem of "second-rate pavilion" has been raised again. This time, the master is no longer Wu Zuguang, Xia Yan has become the backstage boss, and the actual struggle is directed at Zhou Enlai.

The "second-rate hall" has been politicized. At first, it was an ideological problem. During the Cultural Revolution, it was criticized as an "anti-Party, counter-revolutionary and anti-socialist group". This is a big deal. Jiang Qing personally arrested the case. The people in the "second-rate pavilion" were locked up. Wu Zuguang once again decentralized labor, Ryan was put into prison, and Dai Hao was reeducated through labor.

1979 June19 The Office of the Review Committee of the Ministry of Culture issued a notice to cancel the activity report of the Second Yuan Hall. At this time, Wang Ming, the playwright of "Second-rate Pavilion" and "Small Family", died of torture in Anhui reform-through-labour camp. Granci, a dramatist, couldn't stand the suffering every year and died young. Huang Miaozi and Ryan were imprisoned for seven years. Shortly after his wife's recent death, Wu Zuguang was hospitalized for three times because of depression, old age and cerebral vascular embolism caused by arteriosclerosis. But he still maintains an optimistic attitude towards life.

On weekdays, he often stands on his balcony, watching the traffic and crowds coming and going, with a smile on his face ... He often sits in a wheelchair, accompanied by a nanny to go downstairs for a walk or go to the barber shop to shave and wash his hair. This is his happiest time.

Wu Zuguang had an indissoluble bond with books since he was a child. A few years ago, although he donated himself and his new books to the Peking Opera School, his collection of books was piled up with bookcases at home.

Wu Zuguang also likes to watch football matches, almost every game. His daughter Wu Shuang said with a smile, "Dad is old and often dozes off while watching TV, but this has never happened in football, boxing and Beijing Opera. Especially when watching football games, he looks like a young man in his twenties, muttering' foul' from time to time ... Although he is old and weak, his brain is not as good as before, but his expression is very rich when watching the ball. "

Wu Zuguang is partial to sweets, especially hamburgers. In order to make the old people laugh, he also specially raised a pair of small pets-Bao Bao and PP, and Wu likes PP best. Whenever he sees PP running around the house, he always has a comfortable smile on his face. These two cute little animals became his "darlings". Wu Zuguang often contacts them, and Doby said humorously that his family has "eight mouths"-himself, his daughter, his son-in-law, his grandson, two nannies, his baby and PP.