What are the musical instruments of Cantonese Opera? What is the main musical instrument of Cantonese Opera?

"A hundred-day flute and a thousand-day flute, and a small huqin broke her waist." China's traditional culture has a long history, and China's drama culture is full of traditional colors. It is also their ability to be loved since ancient times. A good Cantonese opera performance with excellent musical instruments.

So this issue of Cantonese opera culture, let's learn about the instruments of Cantonese opera.

The characteristic musical instruments of Cantonese opera, such as Erxian, Zhuti, Coconut Hu,,, Long Drum, Short Drum, Wide cymbals, High-edged Gong and Wen Gong, have always been dominant in the band. Its bright timbre appears alternately in the accompaniment of different scenes and vocals in the play, which also makes it one of the elements that constitute the unique local color of Cantonese opera.

The accompaniment instruments of Cantonese opera can be divided into orchestral music and percussion music. The former mainly plays Gao Hu, Er Xian, dulcimer and larynx. There are two different combinations of "hard bow" and "soft bow" The musical instruments used in the "Hard Bow" are Erxian, Short Throat, Long Throat, Bamboo Violin, Small Sanxian, Qin Yue, Coconut Tree, Flute, etc. , with percussion high-edge gong. The voice and timbre are loud and tough, which are mostly used for ostentation and extravagance accompaniment and more intense scenes in traditional dramas.

The musical instruments used in "Soft Bow" are Erhu (Nanhu), Zhonghu, Gao Hu, Coconut, Hu Da, dulcimer, Pipa, Xiaosanxian, Zhongsanxian, zhongruan, Daruan, Changhou and Dong Xiao. In addition to national musical instruments, Cantonese opera music boldly adopts western musical instruments, such as violin, cello, saxophone and other bass instruments.

Percussion instruments, literary gongs and drums (or Su gongs and drums, low-pitched Beijing gongs and drums), slender and soft voices and timbre are used to accompany lyric arias and depict the inner feelings of characters in detail. Percussion instruments include divining fish (board), measuring board, sand drum, double-skin drum, big cymbal, Wen gong, high-side gong, Su cymbal, Su gong, single (high-pitched small gong), war drum and big drum. And there is a relatively complete set of various types of rhythm gongs and drums.

The musical instruments used in early Cantonese opera were only Erxian, Violin, Yueqin, Xiao Di, Sanxian, Gong and cymbals, and their tones were relatively simple. After the lifting of the ban on Cantonese opera in Qing Dynasty, bangzi was added. After entering the mature stage, there are more than 40 kinds of musical instruments used in Cantonese opera, which can be roughly divided into four categories: wind instruments, plucked instruments, stringed instruments and percussion instruments.

Among them, plucked instruments include guzheng, pipa and butterfly piano; The gongs and drums include: divining fish, clappers, sand, double-skin drums, bangzi drums, cymbals, Beijing gongs, hook gongs, war drums, big wooden fish, small wooden fish, big gongs and cymbals, and big drums. After the reform of Cantonese Opera, many western musical instruments were adopted, such as saxophone and violin, which made the music effect more perfect.

Bangzi is a bamboo percussion instrument with no fixed pitch. It is called "Bangzi" in the north and "Nanbangzi" or "Fangbangzi" in the south. The bangzi used in northern operas is solid, which is called "Bangzi" for short. It consists of two hard sticks. When playing, each hand holds a stick and hits each other to make a sound. The timbre is loud, often used to beat time, and the skills used are simple. However, Southern Bangzi can be divided into three types: large, medium and small. It is made of rectangular hollow wood blocks. When playing, hang it on the bracket and play it with a drum stick.

Because you can strike the sound continuously and quickly, it is easy to create a warm and tense atmosphere. Because the bangzi is used to beat the beat, it produces the "bangzi cavity". Bangzi Opera, also known as Shaanxi Opera or Western Shaanxi Opera, originated in Shaanxi, Shanxi and Gansu, and its timbre is rough and intense. 65438+Early 7th century (early Qing Dynasty) slowly spread to Guangdong. Bangzi cavity is divided into head board, adagio, middle board, knurled board, sigh board and brake board.

Wooden fish also belongs to bamboo percussion instruments, and has no fixed pitch. It is shaped like a fish head, hollowed out in the middle into a singing box, with a long fish mouth on the front and a small mallet to make sound. Muyu was originally a Buddhist musical instrument and an accompaniment instrument for religious music, and was gradually adopted by folk instrumental music. Wooden fish is hollow in timbre, short in pronunciation and lively. It often plays an accompaniment role and is used as a beat when counting white olives.

In Cantonese opera, musical instrument styles are also diverse. First of all, the musical instrument combinations of Cantonese Opera are diverse, with Gao Hu, Erxian, Violin, Coconut and other musical instruments as the main instruments. In the accompaniment of different professions and vocals, and in the music performance of different scenes, there are also many changes in instrument combinations, such as hard bow combination and soft bow combination.

Various techniques of Cantonese opera accompaniment also keep pace with the times. With the change of Cantonese opera aria, the combination of hard bow and soft bow and the coordination of "spike", "qi", "supplement", "introduction" and "wrapping" are the diversified combinations of accompaniment skills, and also the characteristics and manifestations of local musical instruments.

Conclusion As early as ancient BC, there were many unearthed cultural relics, that is, various musical instruments, each of which had its own unique characteristics. Today's Chinese traditional musical instruments are based on this.