How to integrate national culture into kindergarten education and teaching activities

Since the mid-1990s, preschool teachers in China have repeatedly proposed to attach importance to national culture. However, due to many shortcomings, the national cultural education of children in China has been stagnant and still in its infancy. For example, folk art education in national traditional culture. Generally speaking, in preschool education, folk art education has not attracted enough attention. At present, some excellent national stories, music, art and other aspects have been added to the education and teaching activities in kindergartens. However, these studies often focus on the development of individual education activities, and the ways and methods of education are relatively simple, ignoring environmental education and foreign education, which is far from the new curriculum concept advocated now. Combining the local diet, traditional crafts, traditional music and other traditional cultures, we specialize in various series of theme activities. Because these things are around children, they are easy to accept and willing to accept. This not only enriches children's knowledge, broadens their horizons, but also cultivates their feelings of loving their hometown.

In short, there are some deviations in children's national cultural education in China:

1, obsessed with history, lacking attention to current national culture. Some teachers simply equate national culture with traditional culture and turn national culture education into a history class. If you spend too much time introducing the development history of transportation, communication tools and festivals, most of the outstanding figures introduced are historical figures such as Sima Guang. Although history and culture are important, modern and contemporary culture cannot be ignored. Children's psychological activities are realistic, and they are more interested in current events than historical events. Children live in reality, and they have so much contact with national culture in real society. Why should we give up the present to look for the past, and give up the near to look for the distant?

2. Emphasize knowledge instead of grasping spiritual connotation. The national culture education in some kindergartens is actually the indoctrination of national cultural knowledge, which only allows children to master a lot of national cultural knowledge and learn some folk crafts, but pays attention to letting children master the characteristics of these national cultures and the national spirit reflected from them. In fact, national cultural knowledge and folk crafts are only the skin of national culture, and its deep-seated value pursuit, thought and behavior are the core of national culture. At present, most of the so-called children's intelligence games we see are knowledge games. For example, "How many provinces and cities are there in China?" This is knowledge, not intelligence.

3. Have a conservative tendency. Some teachers pay too much attention to their own national culture, failing to comprehensively consider and objectively evaluate their own national culture under the multicultural background of the world and avoiding its defects. Why did children's literature develop so late? It is because China's education has always been characterized by "enlightenment" and knowledge-oriented. It is not based on understanding, recognizing and respecting children's psychological characteristics, spiritual personality and independent personality, but at the expense of children's independent personality. All the contents used for "family education" and "family rules" are Confucian classics such as feudal ethics, three cardinal guides and five permanents, and "poetry and calligraphy etiquette", which is why the development of children's literature is so slow.

4. Emphasis on imitation and inheritance, ignoring innovation. This is manifested in two aspects. First, when organizing ethnic cultural and educational activities, teachers mechanically use historical materials without reforming them, teach according to textbooks and practices, or imitate the practices of other kindergartens and other teachers, regardless of local cultural resources and the actual situation of kindergartens. The second is to ask children to learn more passively and innovate less actively. Some teachers just ask children to recite historical materials, mechanically bother cultural activities in real life, blindly pursue "authenticity" when learning folk art, and let children follow cultural traditions too much without paying attention to innovation, which will inevitably stifle children's creative potential and affect the germination of children's cultural innovation consciousness.

5. Lack of long-term and complete planning. Many kindergartens list ethnic culture education as a separate content, which makes it separate from children's daily life and other courses, rather than infiltrating into various educational activities and daily life. Some kindergartens lack long-term goals, follow the trend and implement a gust of education. For example, in a certain period, the society was advocating folk art education, such as our national quintessence Beijing Opera. As a result, kindergartens have been educating children in this area for some time, but after this wave of folk art education passed, it was no longer implemented or forgotten for a long time.

So, what does the democratic culture education in kindergarten include?

1, art category: including myths, fables, ballads and other literary arts, paper-cutting, clay sculpture, Chinese painting and other arts, Beijing opera, folk songs, yangko and other music and dance arts; It also includes movies and TV programs suitable for children's age characteristics, such as the film and television drama The Journey to the West, the cartoon Little Nezha, and the TV program Big Windmill.

2. Festivals: including traditional festivals in China, such as Spring Festival and Dragon Boat Festival, and major international festivals, such as Children's Day.

3. Diet: Accept the food culture of the East and the West, the eating habits of the north and south of China and the current healthy eating trend. For example, the staple food of northerners-wheat, the staple food of southerners-rice.

4. Games and toys: including folk games and toys, traditional sports in China, popular children's entertainment activities and the latest toys. Traditional games in China have a long history. Traditional games are an integral part of the excellent tradition of Chinese culture and have national characteristics. Its occurrence and development reflect the development of economy, science and technology and culture in a certain stage. Some games have become pioneers in the world's scientific and technological development market, such as kites, and the earliest primitive aircraft is kites. China had kites before the Northern and Southern Dynasties, and it developed faster after the Tang Dynasty. Tangram is called "ingenious" China riddle by foreigners, and nine-ring chain is called "China ring" by foreigners. Jiu Lian Huan has a history of more than 2000 years. It was originally made of jade, but it was replaced by iron wire in the Ming Dynasty, and it had spread to Europe at least in the16th century. All these toys are of pioneering significance to the development of science and technology in the world. Traditional games are roughly divided into twelve categories. It has a history of more than 2,000 years: first, gladiatorial games (wrestling and tug-of-war); second, fighting games (cockfighting and cricket fighting); third, chess games (Go); fourth, archery games (archery); fifth, ball games (cuju); sixth, water games and ice games (swimming and fishing). Finger painter), 1 1. Play opera (blowing dragons and blowing soap bubbles), 12. Courtyard opera (building a feather duster, fishing for small tail fish, making Ye Er rings, throwing handkerchiefs, rolling cabbage and looking for friends).

How should kindergartens choose the national cultural content, teaching methods and teaching approaches that children can easily accept according to their age characteristics and specific conditions, and scientifically implement national cultural education for children?

1. Integrate ethnic culture education into the creation and utilization of the environment.

Modern education attaches great importance to the influence of environment on children's physical and mental development, and regards the creation of environment as an important content of education, teaching and curriculum design. As the main content of environmental furnishings, wall decoration can bring children a sense of pleasure emotionally. Infiltrating the content of national culture into wall decoration, as an important part of wall decoration, can expand children's horizons, enrich children's knowledge and let children contact and understand national culture from another angle. For example, we can design and make wall decorations with the themes of China's scenic spots and historical sites, Peking Opera masks and local products.

2. Integrate ethnic culture education into all aspects of daily life.

It is an important way for children to live, explore and communicate with adults and peers. We can start with the perceptual national cultural factors in real life and select their essence to educate children on national culture. For example, there are many festival cultures full of rich customs in China, and the origin, celebration methods and customs of each festival can guide children to know. Mid-Autumn Festival organizes children to listen to the story of "the Goddess Chang'e flying to the moon" and taste moon cakes. Solve riddles on the lanterns activities will be held during the Lantern Festival, including making, cooking and tasting Yuanxiao. Through a series of activities to celebrate festivals with children, children can truly appreciate the charm of festival culture.

3. Integrate ethnic culture education into community activities.

Nature is a living book, and society is a big classroom. The new "Outline" points out: Make full use of natural environment and community education resources to expand children's living and learning space. Efforts should be made to tap and utilize the favorable educational resources in the surrounding environment, enrich educational content and broaden educational channels. For example, children can be organized to watch local operas, local sports games and learn about sports events, so that children can feel the rich national cultural atmosphere with their ears, eyes and other senses and be well influenced.

4. Integrate ethnic culture education into parent-child activities.

The new "Outline" points out that the family is an important partner of kindergartens. We should strive for parents' understanding, support and active participation. First of all, we can raise parents' awareness of ethnic culture education through activities such as kindergarten parents' meeting and parents' open day, so that parents can clearly understand the objectives and contents of ethnic culture education, thus actively cooperating with kindergarten education and extending ethnic culture education to family education. We can send a report to parents every month to introduce the implementation of ethnic culture education in kindergartens, and put forward the work and matters needing attention that parents should cooperate with, so that parents can know fairly well. Secondly, we can carry out intervention activities and invite parents to participate in ethnic cultural and educational activities. We can ask parents to let them show their children around during the holidays and guide them to get in touch with more national cultures. When teaching activities are carried out in kindergartens, such as "Beautiful Silk", parents can be invited to participate in classroom activities, show their children all kinds of silk products and introduce all kinds of related knowledge, so that children can fully feel the splendor of national culture.

When carrying out ethnic culture education, we should pay attention to:

1, highlighting national characteristics

There are many excellent elements in China's traditional culture, such as the above-mentioned humanistic spirit, happy spirit, harmonious spirit, down-to-earth and vigorous spirit and friendly consciousness. These are the cultural souls of the Chinese nation. Children's national cultural education should fully display these national spirits and internalize them into children's personality characteristics. For example, the traditional sports games mentioned above, in fact, children are still playing. Especially in rural areas, there are also games played by ethnic minorities, which are played by many children. It is necessary to recommend and introduce valuable traditional children's games, such as kites, puzzles, chess, nine-ring, etc. Widely publicize, demonstrate to children, guide them to play, and inherit some good game culture. Second, of course, we should also innovate traditional games to make them contain more scientific and technological content and create some new games. Therefore, kindergartens should attach importance to traditional games in order to develop them. Because it gives prizes to children, whether it is developing intelligence or entertainment and fitness, it has positive significance. It has been circulated for so many years and is deeply loved by children. There is a certain culture in it.

2. Be realistic and innovative, make the past serve the present.

Contemporary national culture is more colorful and progressive than the national culture in history. Teachers should start with the national cultural factors that can be perceived in real life, select their essence and carry out national cultural education for children. When it comes to the origin of certain cultures, teachers can adopt the method of recalling history. You can tell your children about China's current diet, costumes, festival culture, globalization, information trends, etc. Children's own culture, such as children's food, clothing, toys, games, entertainment and so on. We should focus on giving children timely and let them judge with the same products, so as to improve their discrimination against children's culture and guide their cultural consumption. Children's national cultural education should aim at cultivating children's awareness and ability of cultural innovation, be pragmatic and make it full of the sense of the times and life. Every child living in Ningbo knows Lingqiao, Qinqiao, Jiangxia Bridge and Yongjiang Bridge. Teachers can explore the theme of "bridge" in theme activities, and let children talk about Lingqiao, Qinqiao, Jiangxia Bridge and Yongjiang Bridge, which they are proud of, so as to recall the history of bridge building in China, understand the bridge culture in China, and then expand their knowledge of the Great Wall. Teachers start with the perceivable national cultural factors in real life and take their essence to educate children on national culture.

3, Chinese and foreign compatibility, * * * interaction

There will be discrimination only if there is comparison. Comparing national culture with foreign culture, knowledge is an effective way for children to master their own national culture and form an objective and fair attitude. Cultural diversity will dominate, cultural students will have comprehensive innovation, and cultural interaction will compete for innovation and development. Therefore, we should be tolerant of foreign cultures. When organizing ethnic culture education, foreign cultures should be properly explained and their reasonable factors should be integrated into ethnic culture. Bitu, the successful launch of Shenzhou 5 manned spacecraft shocked the world. Teachers can seize this story to introduce this scientific field to children, broaden their horizons and introduce the space trips of developed countries such as the United States and the former Soviet Union, so that children can grasp their own cultural characteristics, compare their own cultures with foreign cultures, and form an objective and fair attitude. Another example is to study the diets of foreign KFC and McDonald's, and to exchange the diets of China, so as to guide children to compare and feel different food cultures under different cultural backgrounds. Only by putting the national culture in the colorful multicultural background of the world and the leading culture in our society in the endless mass culture can the national culture of children be lively and lively, and the cultural and educational resources will not be exhausted.

4. Overall design and full implementation

Children's national cultural education should be integrated into children's daily life and various educational activities. In the field of health, you can carry out martial arts education, and you can also educate your children about food culture, introducing China's chopsticks culture and western knife and fork culture; In the field of art, children can be given comprehensive art education such as folk music, dance, painting, handicrafts, sculpture and architecture; In the field of science, children can be exposed to scientific and technological products and national brands in modern life; In the field of language, we can carry out literary education such as national myths, fables and ballads. China's ancient poems span three categories: moral education, intellectual education and aesthetic education, condensing the cultural phenomena of predecessors about life, society and nature, and flashing the unique spiritual genes of the Chinese nation, from which everyone benefits endlessly; In the social field, education in social customs and rules and regulations can be carried out.

It is urgent to strengthen the education of children's national traditional culture, and we must pay attention to it. Inherit and carry forward the national traditional culture, and let the splendid Chinese culture last forever from pre-school education!