The difference between industrial environmental pollution and urban environmental pollution

Industrial environmental pollution refers to the pollution produced in the process of industrial production, mainly "three wastes": waste liquid, waste gas and waste residue. It is characterized by many kinds, heavy pollution and great harm.

It is estimated that the pollution of industrial enterprises in China accounts for about 70% of the total pollution, and 50% of the pollution of industrial enterprises is caused by poor management of enterprises. See Blue Book of Corporate Citizenship Report of China (2009) for details.

Urban environmental pollution refers to all kinds of pollutants discharged into nature in urban production and life that exceed the self-purification ability of the natural environment and remain in nature, which leads to the variation of the nature and function of various factors in the natural environment, destroys the ecological balance and brings harm to human body, production and life.

Types of urban environmental pollution

I. Air Pollution The air pollution in China is still dominated by soot, and the main pollutants are sulfur dioxide and soot.

Second, the types of substances that cause water pollution are: organic toxic substances; Inorganic toxic substances; Oxygen-consuming pollutants; Plant nutrient pollutants; Pathogenic microorganisms; Radioactive pollutants, etc. The cities and nearby rivers in China are still dominated by organic pollution, and the main pollution indicators are petroleum, permanganate index and ammonia nitrogen.

Third, solid waste pollution includes industrial waste, construction waste and domestic waste.

Fourth, noise pollution The noise in most cities in China is at a moderate level of pollution.

Fifth, the pollution sources of soil pollution include the decomposed application of chemical fertilizers and pesticides, industrial wastewater and waste residue, domestic sewage and garbage.

Environmental pollution refers to the phenomenon that human beings directly or indirectly discharge substances or energy that exceed their self-purification ability to the environment, thus reducing environmental quality and adversely affecting human survival and development, ecosystems and property. Specifically, it includes water pollution, air pollution, noise pollution and radioactive pollution. Water pollution refers to the phenomenon that the chemical, physical, biological or radioactive pollution characteristics of water bodies have changed due to the intervention of certain substances, thus affecting the effective use of water, endangering human health or destroying the ecological environment, resulting in the deterioration of water quality. Air pollution refers to the phenomenon that the concentration of pollutants in the air reaches a harmful level, which destroys the ecological system and the conditions for the normal survival and development of human beings and causes harm to people and creatures. Noise pollution refers to the phenomenon that the environmental noise generated exceeds the national environmental noise emission standard and interferes with the normal work, study and life of others. Radioactive pollution refers to the appearance of radioactive substances or rays exceeding the national standards on the surface or inside of substances, people, places and environmental media due to human activities. For example, exceeding the national and local pollutant discharge standards, discharging pollutants in excess of categories, quantities and concentrations; Loading and transporting oil or toxic goods without taking measures to prevent spillage, causing the goods to fall into the water and causing water pollution; Illegal discharge of toxic and harmful substances into the atmosphere, causing air pollution accidents, and so on.

With the development of science and technology and the improvement of people's living standards, environmental pollution is also increasing, especially in developing countries. Environmental pollution is becoming one of the common topics in the world.

Due to people's insufficient expectation of the negative impact of highly developed industries and unfavorable prevention, three global crises have resulted: resource shortage, environmental pollution and ecological destruction. Humans constantly discharge pollutants into the environment. However, due to the diffusion, dilution, redox and biodegradation of atmosphere, water and soil, etc. The concentration and toxicity of pollutants will naturally decrease, which is called environmental self-purification. If the discharged substances exceed the self-purification capacity of the environment, the environmental quality will change adversely, endangering human health and survival, thus leading to environmental pollution.

There are many classifications of environmental pollution:

According to environmental factors: air pollution, water pollution and soil pollution.

According to human activities: industrial environmental pollution, urban environmental pollution, agricultural environmental pollution.

According to the nature and sources of environmental pollution: chemical pollution, biological pollution, physical contamination (noise pollution, radioactivity, electromagnetic wave) solid waste pollution, energy pollution.

Environmental pollution will cause direct damage and influence to the ecosystem, such as desertification and forest destruction, and will also cause indirect harm to the ecosystem and human society. Sometimes this indirect environmental impact is more harmful than the direct harm caused at that time, and it is more difficult to eliminate. For example, the greenhouse effect, acid rain and ozone layer destruction are all environmental impacts caused by air pollution. This kind of environmental effect from environmental pollution is lagging behind, and it is often difficult to be detected or predicted when pollution occurs. However, once it happens, it means that environmental pollution has developed to a very serious degree. Of course, the most direct and easily felt consequence of environmental pollution is to reduce the environmental quality of human beings and affect their quality of life, physical health and production activities. For example, urban air pollution causes air pollution, and the incidence of people is rising. Water pollution worsens the quality of water environment, and the quality of drinking water sources generally declines, threatening people's health and causing premature birth or malformation of fetus. Serious pollution incidents not only bring health problems, but also cause social problems. With the intensification of pollution and the improvement of people's awareness of environmental protection, disputes and conflicts between people caused by pollution have increased year by year.

Due to people's insufficient expectation of the negative impact of highly developed industries and unfavorable prevention, three global crises have resulted: resource shortage, environmental pollution and ecological destruction. Humans constantly discharge pollutants into the environment. However, due to the diffusion, dilution, redox and biodegradation of atmosphere, water and soil, etc. The concentration and toxicity of pollutants will naturally decrease, which is called environmental self-purification. If the discharged substances exceed the self-purification capacity of the environment, the environmental quality will change adversely, endangering human health and survival, thus leading to environmental pollution.

At present, environmental pollution problems have appeared in different degrees all over the world, including atmospheric environmental pollution, marine pollution and urban environmental problems. With the globalization of economy and trade, environmental pollution is becoming more and more international. In recent years, the problem of transboundary movement of hazardous wastes is a prominent manifestation in this regard.

Prevention and Control of Environmental Pollution

Every example of environmental pollution can be said to be a wake-up call from nature to mankind. In order to protect the ecological environment and maintain the health of human beings and future generations, we must actively prevent and control environmental pollution.

Countermeasures of Environmental Pollution Prevention in China

In order to prevent and control environmental pollution, China has promulgated a series of laws, such as People's Republic of China (PRC) Environmental Protection Law and People's Republic of China (PRC) Water Pollution Prevention Law. 65438-0983 China government declared that environmental protection is a basic national policy, and put forward a strategic policy of unifying economic benefits, social benefits and environmental benefits in the process of economic development. 1994 the government of China has formulated the "action guide for environmental protection in China in the future-China Agenda 2 1", pointing out that "the traditional development mode of pursuing economic growth through high consumption and' pollution before treatment' can no longer meet the requirements of today's and future development, and we must strive to find a development mode that can meet the needs of contemporary people in harmony with population, economy, society, environment and resources. In order to do a good job in the prevention and control of environmental pollution, every citizen must strive to enhance environmental awareness.