What are the common problems in rural areas?

Institutional obstacles to rural development still exist, and institutional construction has a long way to go. There are still many institutional obstacles in the process of agricultural and rural development in China, and there are still many restrictive factors affecting rural economic and social development. The dual structure of urban and rural areas has not been fundamentally broken, and the mechanism of rational allocation of various elements between urban and rural areas has not been fully established. The task of comprehensive rural reform and other reforms is still quite arduous. Taking the rural financial system reform as an example, although the rural financial system reform has been nearly 20 years, there are still many institutional, technical and operational problems in rural finance in China.

Specifically, the main manifestations are as follows: First, the rural financial system is not perfect. Rural credit cooperatives did not play their due role in supporting agriculture; The business scope of Agricultural Development Bank is too narrow, and with the completion of the reform of grain purchase and sale system, the loan business has further shrunk; Commercial banks have removed some branches from counties and townships for their own economic interests; The agricultural insurance system is backward, the scale of agricultural commercial insurance is small, and the types of insurance are single.

Second, the loss of rural funds is serious. Agricultural Bank of China and some branches of commercial banks have strong storage capacity in rural areas, but less loans to farmers and rural small and medium-sized enterprises; Urban credit cooperatives went to the countryside to collect and dig some funds and turned to cities.

Third, there is a lack of loan guarantee system with rural characteristics. Under the current credit policy, farmers and rural small and medium-sized enterprises themselves cannot provide effective loan mortgage guarantee, and it is difficult to obtain the loans they need. In this case, the government is bound to take further measures to increase financial support for agriculture by deepening rural financial reform, strengthening national policy support and improving rural financial risk avoidance mechanism.

Agricultural development faces many challenges, and the overall level of agricultural productivity is not high.

(1) The state's investment in agricultural development is seriously insufficient, and agricultural development lacks stamina. First, the investment in agricultural capital construction is insufficient, and its proportion in the national capital construction investment is 5. 1% during the Sixth Five-Year Plan, 3.3% during the Seventh Five-Year Plan and 3% during the Eighth Five-Year Plan, showing a downward trend year by year. Due to insufficient investment in capital construction, the agricultural infrastructure in China is seriously aging. There are about 1/3 reservoirs operating with diseases in China, and 60% of irrigation and drainage projects are in urgent need of maintenance. The ability of agriculture to resist natural disasters is declining year by year, and the affected area is expanding year by year. Second, there is a serious shortage of funds for agricultural scientific research. The proportion of agricultural scientific research funds in China's total agricultural output is less than 0. 1%, and the proportion of agricultural technology popularization funds is less than 0.2%, far below the world average. Driven by interests, society, enterprises and farmers do not invest much in agriculture. The financial, financial, taxation and agricultural product price subsidy system and operation mechanism of the state, enterprises and farmers' cooperative organizations have not been established, and the lack of agricultural investment has become the main factor for the slow development of agriculture in China.

(2) The agricultural industrial structure is unreasonable and the structural contradictions are prominent. Although the adjustment of China's agricultural industrial structure has achieved initial results, there are still some problems to be solved urgently: the structure of agricultural production varieties is single and the level of product structure is low; Agricultural products processing industry lags behind, and it is difficult to increase the value of agricultural products; Agricultural production and operation mode is backward, and it is difficult to form scale operation; Lack of scientific regional layout and so on.