Traditional logistics of ppt materials

Logistics refers to the physical flow of goods from the place of supply to the place of acceptance. According to the actual needs, the basic functions such as transportation, storage, loading and unloading, packaging, distribution processing, distribution and information processing are organically combined. The definition of logistics can be understood from four aspects: (1), logistics is the flow of material entities, not social entities; Logistics only realizes the transfer of the material entity of goods, but not the transfer of the ownership of goods. (2) Logistics is an economic activity to meet social needs, otherwise it does not belong to the category of logistics. (3) Logistics includes spatial displacement, time change and shape and nature change, thus creating the time and shape utility of goods. (4) Where there are commodities, there is logistics, so logistics is universal.

2. How did the concept of logistics come into being and evolve?

Most experts believe that the word logistics first appeared in the United States. At the beginning of the 20th century, some developed capitalist countries experienced an economic crisis of overproduction and relatively insufficient demand. The intensification of market competition makes people pay attention to distribution, and the concept of logistics has sprouted. 19 15, Archie Shaw of the United States first put forward the concept of "logistics" (PD for short) in his book Some Problems in Market Distribution. Some people translate it into "logistics" and some people translate it into "logistics". During the Second World War, the US military established modern military logistics around the whole process management of wartime military supplies, that is, the production, procurement, transportation, warehousing and distribution of strategic materials, and formed the discipline of "logistics management". The theory of "logistics management" was quoted in many economic activities after the war. Now many countries in Europe and America use logistics more than logistics when defining the concept of logistics.

3. How was the concept of "logistics" introduced to China?

The introduction of logistics concept into China has gone through three stages. First, from the early 1980s to the early 1990s. On the one hand, from the introduction of European and American marketing theory, we began to contact the concept of logistics; On the other hand, from the introduction of Japanese marketing theory, we began to contact the concept of logistics. Although the concept of "logistics" had not yet formed in China at that time, industries similar to logistics existed objectively. Just like the "storage and transportation" industry in China is very similar to the "logistics" industry abroad. It is only during this period that China's economic system is in transition, and the real modern logistics has not yet formed, so the concept of introducing logistics is more suitable for China's national conditions. Secondly, from the mid-1990s to the late 1990s. On the one hand, due to the increasing opening up, a large number of multinational companies have entered China and spread the concept of modern logistics to China; On the other hand, the manufacturing activities of a large number of "foreign-funded" enterprises began to be localized, resulting in the demand for modern logistics. As a result, a group of traditional storage and transportation enterprises began to transform into modern logistics enterprises that carry out integrated logistics business. Third, since the end of the 20th century. China's economy at the turn of the century, on the one hand, due to the promotion of world economic integration, international politics, economy, technology and management have had a profound impact on China's economy and promoted the development of China's logistics industry; On the other hand, due to the acceleration of the construction of China's socialist market economic system, the objective demand and market environment for developing modern logistics are basically available. Modern logistics in China has entered a new stage of all-round development.

4. What is traditional logistics?

"Logistics" is only understood from the word meaning, that is, the flow of material entities. However, when the flow of this material entity is regarded as a movement process, logistics becomes an activity including transportation, storage, handling, sorting, packaging and processing. This is what people usually call traditional logistics or general logistics.

5. What is modern logistics?

Modern logistics is relative to traditional logistics. On the basis of traditional logistics, it introduces high-tech means, that is, using computers to carry out information networking and scientifically manage logistics information, so as to speed up logistics, improve accuracy, reduce inventory and reduce costs, thus extending and amplifying the functions of traditional logistics. Many experts and scholars in China believe: "Modern logistics is a process of transferring materials from the supply place to the demand place at the most economical cost according to the needs of customers. It mainly includes transportation, storage, processing, packaging, loading and unloading, distribution and information activities. " China's six ministries and commissions (State Economic and Trade Commission, Ministry of Railways, Ministry of Communications, Ministry of Information Industry, Ministry of Foreign Trade and Economic Cooperation, Civil Aviation Administration) defined modern logistics in 5438+0 in March 2006 as follows: "The whole process of effective flow of raw materials and finished products from the starting point to the end point and related information. It organically combines transportation, warehousing, loading and unloading, processing, sorting, distribution and information to form a complete supply chain, providing users with multifunctional and integrated comprehensive services. "

6. What else is said about modern logistics?

The American Logistics Management Association believes that modern logistics is a process of "planning, implementing and controlling the effective flow and storage of raw materials, intermediate stocks, final products and related information from the place of origin to the place of consumption." The American Logistics Management Association believes that modern logistics is "all circulation activities that systematically send raw materials, semi-finished products and finished products from the place of origin to the place of consumption." It includes customer service, demand forecast, information contact, material processing, order processing, site selection, procurement, packaging, transportation, loading and unloading, waste disposal and warehouse management. "The European Logistics Association believes that modern logistics is" the planning, execution and control of the transportation, arrangement and related support activities of people or goods in a system to achieve a specific purpose ". According to the research institute of Japan's Ministry of International Trade and Industry, "modern logistics is a process in which all goods are transferred from sellers to buyers. "

7. What services can modern logistics provide to customers?

Logistics enterprises can provide customers with a series of services from the beginning of establishing business relations with customers, such as purchasing raw materials, providing production or processing places for commodities, storing and keeping raw materials or finished products, loading and unloading, packaging, chartering, booking space, stowage, preparing bills, quoting, customs declaration, gathering ports, dredging ports, transporting and settling foreign exchange, and tracking the logistics position until the goods reach the end users at the designated destination.

8. What is the difference between modern logistics and traditional logistics?

The difference between modern logistics and traditional logistics is manifested in many aspects, the most important of which are the following aspects. (1), service function difference. The service function of traditional logistics is relatively independent and does not have the function of controlling the whole supply chain; Modern logistics emphasizes the overall management and effective control of the supply chain. (2), the difference of relationship with customers. The relationship between traditional logistics and customers is to establish short-term contracts and win customers with price competition and standard service; Modern logistics and customers are usually strategic partners, usually to reduce costs and provide value-added and customized logistics services to meet the needs of customers. (3) Differences in information system construction. Traditional logistics has no external integration system, limited or no EDI connection and no satellite tracking system; Modern logistics implements information systems and widely uses EDI and satellite tracking systems. (4) Differences in logistics enterprise management. Traditional logistics enterprises usually adopt decentralized, traditional and manual management methods; Modern logistics enterprises adopt modernization, informationization and total quality management system. It can be seen that modern logistics is a brand-new system concept:-it includes the whole process of physical displacement of product life cycle; -It extends traditional logistics to the whole process of production, circulation and consumption, adding new logistics connotation; -It organically combines social logistics with enterprise logistics, that is, from purchasing logistics to production logistics to sales logistics to consumption terminals.

The comparison table of modern logistics and traditional logistics is an item of unified logistics and modern logistics.

Logistics function, integrated function and isolated function

The logistics base has a logistics center instead of a logistics center.

Control ability can't control the whole logistics chain.

Logistics area, a certain area, cross-regional

General application of logistics discipline third party logistics

Service term, short-term contract, long-term strategic partnership

Competitive means, price competition, reducing total cost

Services refer to standard services, value-added services and customized services.

Logistics information has EDI system without EDI system.

Communication means no GPS system, GPS system.

Decentralized logistics management, traditional management modernization, information management system management and total quality management.

9. What is the relationship between logistics and business flow?

The circulation of any article is an organic whole composed of four streams: business flow, logistics, information flow and capital flow. Logistics and business flow are two functions that extend and separate from the process of commodity circulation. The so-called business flow refers to the transfer of ownership caused by the relationship between commodity sales in circulation. Logistics refers to the physical movement of goods in time or space. Both occur at the same time in the same circulation process, just like two aspects of the same thing, which are interdependent and complementary. The biggest difference between business flow and logistics is that they move in different ways. Business flow is a commercial activity that must be carried out through certain commercial links, which embodies the interest relationship between different owners; However, logistics is not limited to commercial links. It reflects how goods can reach consumers or customers with the fastest speed, the shortest distance and the least cost according to the transportation conditions and storage or storage methods.

10. What is the relationship between logistics and information flow?

Logistics and information flow are two inseparable functions in the circulation process. Logistics is the basis of information flow, and information flow without logistics does not exist; Information flow is the reflection of logistics, which feeds back all kinds of information, intelligence, data and instructions of logistics changes in time, forming economic value in transmission; Whether the information flow is timely and accurate restricts logistics and directly affects the prediction and decision-making of logistics flow direction and direction.

1 1. What is the third profit source?

The so-called third profit source is relative to the first and second profit sources. The first profit source is to maximize profits by "reducing production costs and saving materialized labor consumption"; The second source of profit is to maximize profits by "improving labor efficiency and reducing living labor consumption"; The third profit source is different from the former two, mainly aiming at "reducing logistics costs" and taking it as a way to maximize profits, so people call modern logistics management the third profit source.

12. What does "logistics iceberg theory" mean?

Hideyoshi Nishizawa, a professor at Waseda University in Japan, said: "Because most logistics costs are mixed with other expenses, it is difficult to see the whole picture of the cost level, just like the tip of the iceberg." It is impossible for the current international financial accounting system and accounting system to grasp the actual cost of logistics, so people's understanding of logistics cost is just like seeing the tip of the iceberg, which is false to some extent. This is the "logistics iceberg theory".

13. What does the "dark continent theory" mean?

1962 Drucker, a master of management, published the article "The Dark Continent of Economy" in Fortune magazine. It is pointed out that about 50% of the commodity prices paid by consumers are related to commodity circulation, so logistics is the last field to reduce costs. Logistics is "the dark continent of economy" and "an uncultivated virgin land". This is the "dark continent theory" of logistics.