What reference does the successful transformation of traditional industrial areas in western China have for the development of resource-based cities in western China?

(1) Pay attention to the development of continuous industries and emerging alternative industries. Developing continuous industries and emerging alternative industries is the key to the transformation and sustainable development of resource-based cities all over the world. In this respect, China's resource-based cities can learn from it. The development of continuous industries is mainly around the mining industry, so that its industrial chain extends to the back and side, thus increasing the scientific and technological content of products, improving the added value of products and bringing higher benefits. The characteristic of this transformation model is that the upstream and downstream industries are obviously related in production, management and technology, and it is relatively difficult to implement the transformation. In the initial stage of transformation, the advantages of local resources can be fully exerted, and the realization period is relatively short. Emerging industries can develop without the original mining resources, and can replace the old industries in providing employment opportunities and ensuring the sustainable development of urban economy. This transformation mode is to directly implant new leading industries in resource-based cities, thus completely changing the dependence of resource-based cities on the original resource advantages, driving the establishment of new industrial systems in cities and realizing complete transformation. However, the transformation of this strategy and planning period is more difficult and the realization cycle is longer. For example, developing environmental protection industry and tourism industry.

(2) Pay attention to the investment of capital and technology. Developed countries attach great importance to the capital and technology investment in the transformation and revitalization of resource-based cities. The German government set up a special fund for economic transformation in Ruhr, and the Japanese government stipulated that the central and local governments each contribute 1/3 to subsidize enterprises that are developing high-tech products. Strong economic foundation and high investment have strongly promoted the formation of diversified economies in resource-based cities in these countries, thus realizing the transformation from a high starting point. For many resource-based cities in China, enterprises have not formed a certain scale of capital accumulation. Once these resource-based industries decline, the whole regional economy will be affected. When faced with transformation, they often encounter the problem of shortage of funds. We should explore a low-cost transformation road according to our own situation, but appropriate capital and technical input are also essential. In the use of funds, we should consider the overall situation, unify the distribution, and pay attention to the efficiency of use. The right to use funds should be given more to the government than to enterprises. In addition, we should also establish a perfect supervision mechanism for the use of funds and follow the principle of "strict supervision and grassroots use".

(3) Pay attention to system innovation. While adjusting the industrial structure, the organizational structure, property rights system and management system of enterprises also need to be constantly adjusted. Most resource-based cities in China have developed under the long-term planned economy system, and resource-based enterprises are mainly state-owned. In the process of transformation of these enterprises, the ownership form of enterprises should no longer be static, and the state's support for enterprises should no longer be divided into state-owned and private enterprises, but should be treated equally, so as to ensure the success of industrial restructuring. From the experience of industrial transformation in foreign resource-based cities, to successfully complete the industrial transformation of cities, we need good cooperation between the government and enterprises, reduce redundant construction, reduce internal friction caused by the pursuit of maximum interests of the government and enterprises, and avoid the decline of total benefits caused by their respective pursuit of maximum interests. In the process of China's transformation from a planned economy to a market economy, the goals of the government and enterprises are also inconsistent. The government pays more attention to the overall interests and social benefits of the city, while resource-based enterprises pay more attention to local interests and economic benefits. To achieve good interaction and cooperation between the government and enterprises and reduce the cost of urban transformation, it is necessary to correctly handle the relationship between them, give consideration to the interests of both sides, find a suitable point of convergence, eliminate institutional obstacles, and strive to balance the overall interests. Specifically, it is to form a win-win mechanism between the government and enterprises. The key point is to straighten out the relationship between government and enterprises, rationally divide the responsibilities and authorities of both sides, so that both sides can perform their duties on the basis of clear responsibilities.

(4) Pay attention to planning and policy guidance. It is very important for the transformation of resource-based cities to establish specialized institutions and formulate overall development plans and specific policies and measures. The resource-based cities in the United States, Canada and Australia established early warning systems and announced the overall transformation plan in advance before the transformation, which effectively maintained social stability and created the basic conditions for public opinion and public support for the smooth economic transformation. For China, a supervision department for the transformation of resource-based cities should be set up in the central government, and special functional institutions should be set up in resource-based cities in different regions to formulate corresponding specific plans and be directly responsible to the central government. In addition, the responsibility of the government must be clear. The government can't directly make investment and management decisions instead of enterprises, but it can put forward guiding opinions on industrial development and play an information-oriented role from the requirements of perfecting the functions of central cities. The focus of government work should be to create a good external environment, including hard and soft environment, production environment and living environment. The government can guide and help enterprises to attract foreign investment and private capital by formulating corresponding preferential policies, and provide important public products and efficient services for resource-based enterprises. For the unemployment caused by the transition, the government is responsible for resettlement, training and re-employment to ensure the stability of the social environment during the transition period.

(5) Pay attention to resources and environmental protection, and establish a new city image. At present, the price formation mechanism of natural resources in China is not perfect, which can not reflect the relationship between market supply and demand and the scarcity of resources, and the external costs such as environmental pollution control costs have not been reasonably internalized. The price generated in this way can't play its due role, and can't motivate and restrain producers, operators and consumers, so that the real cost in the process of resource development can't be compensated accordingly, which further leads to the waste of natural resources and the destruction of ecological environment. The state should take necessary control measures, such as providing financial subsidies for the environmental pollution control of existing enterprises, and exempting enterprises from various taxes and fees for recycling the surplus resources that have been reported to be damaged. From the international experience, in the process of economic transformation, all countries have taken environmental protection measures in unison and tried to establish a new image of the city. Because only in this way can the city develop continuously. After industrial transformation and environmental improvement, Kitakyushu area in Japan has not only turned the former coal into a new tourist attraction, but also accumulated a lot of experience in the process of environmental improvement, which has promoted the rapid development of environmental protection industry. In the process of transformation, China's resource-based cities must also attach importance to environmental protection and governance, and strive to establish a good city image.