How to write a paper? Theme: the role of residential building model in design and conception stage

This article should include the following contents:

1, define the concept first. That is, what is the residential building model and its content in the design conception stage;

2. Discussion: the role of residential building model in the design conception stage;

3. Conclusion. Refine and summarize your point of view.

Overview of architectural model

The building model line is the line drawn for you by the design institute. The red line is the limit given to you by the Planning Bureau. The building model line is variable and must obey the red line. If the building model line is outside the red line, it must be changed to avoid the red line. The red line has legal effect. All buildings shall not exceed the highway building red line. The Highway Law stipulates that the national highway shall not be less than 30m, the provincial highway shall not be less than15m, the county road shall not be less than10m, and the township road shall not be less than 5m, which means starting from the edge of highway land.

There are many kinds of houses, mainly divided into high-grade houses, ordinary houses, apartments, townhouses and so on.

(1) According to the building height, it is mainly divided into low-rise, multi-storey, small high-rise, high-rise and super-high-rise buildings.

(2) According to the structural form of the building, it is mainly divided into brick-wood structure, brick-concrete structure, steel-concrete frame structure, steel-concrete shear wall structure, steel-concrete frame-shear wall structure and steel structure.

(3) According to the classification of architectural forms, it is mainly divided into low-rise houses, multi-storey houses, medium-high-rise houses, high-rise houses and other forms of houses.

(4) According to the types of houses, they are mainly divided into ordinary units, apartments, duplex houses, duplex houses, garden houses, small-sized houses (super-small-sized houses) and so on.

(5) According to the classification of housing policy attributes, it is mainly divided into low-rent housing, purchased public housing (reformed housing), affordable housing and housing cooperatives to raise funds to build houses.

Commercial housing mainly refers to houses invested and built by real estate development companies, which are for profit and operate according to market rules. It is different from the "housing", "low-rent housing" and "dangerous houses" built by local governments to solve housing difficulties and implement "housing projects". The affordable housing started from 1998 is also a special kind of commercial housing.

From the perspective of sales, commercial housing is divided into existing home sales and forward sale; From the perspective of sales targets, it is divided into domestic commercial housing and export commercial housing; From the purpose, it can be divided into ordinary houses, apartments, villas and so on.

Domestic commercial housing refers to commercial housing built by real estate development and operation enterprises and sold to domestic units and individuals. Export commercial housing refers to commercial housing built by real estate development and operation enterprises and sold to foreigners (foreigners, Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan).

Domestic commercial housing can be sold to individuals and units, including central units and individuals, as well as approved offices and liaison offices; Export commercial housing can be sold to foreign enterprises, other organizations and individuals, but the sale of housing to domestic individuals (except Hongkong, Macau and Taiwan Province Province) must be approved by the people's government.

The structural form of commercial housing is mainly divided by the materials used in its load-bearing structure. Generally can be divided into the following three forms:

(1) Brick-concrete structure residence;

(2) Brick and wood structure residence;

(3) Reinforced concrete structure residence.

Brick-concrete structure refers to the building model in which the walls and columns of the vertical load-bearing structure are built with bricks or blocks, and the columns, beams, floors, roofs and trusses are built with reinforced concrete structures. Generally speaking, brick-concrete structure is a structure with a few reinforced concrete and most brick walls.

"Brick" in brick-concrete structure residence refers to a building model material with uniform size, and there are also special-shaped clay bricks with other sizes, such as hollow bricks. "Mixing" refers to reinforced concrete ingredients made of steel bars, cement, sand and gravel and water in a certain proportion, including floors, lintels, stairs, balconies, eaves, etc. These fittings are combined with the brick load-bearing wall, which can be called brick-concrete structure residence; Due to the seismic requirements, brick-concrete houses are generally below the 5 th and 6 th floors.

Brick-wood structure residence refers to a house in which the walls and columns of load-bearing structure are made of bricks or bricks, and the floor structure and roof truss are made of wood structure.

Reinforced concrete residential structure means that the main load-bearing structures such as columns, beams, slabs, stairs and roofs are made of reinforced concrete, and the walls are filled with bricks or other materials. This structure has good seismic performance, strong integrity, corrosion resistance, fire resistance and durability, and is mostly used in high-rise residential buildings. Specifically, it is divided into frame, frame scissors wall structure and so on.

According to the Code for Residential Design, the height and floors of civil buildings are divided into: 1 ~3 floors are low-rise residential buildings; The fourth to sixth floors are multi-storey houses; The 7 ~ 10 floor is a medium-high-rise residence (also known as a small high-rise residence); 1 1 ~30 floors are high-rise residential buildings; More than 30 floors (excluding 30 floors) are super high-rise residential buildings.

Duplex residence generally refers to adding a mezzanine on the higher floor of each household. The total height of the two floors is much lower than that of duplex houses (3.3 meters for duplex houses and 5.6 meters for ordinary duplex houses), and the lower floor is used for daily life, such as cooking, dining and bathing. The upper floor is used for rest, sleeping and storage.

The advantages are:

(1) The plane utilization coefficient is high, and the use area of the house can be increased by 50% ~ 70% through the composite of sandwich layers;

(2) The indoor partition is a wooden structure, which integrates partition, furniture and decoration, and is not only a wall, but also a floor, bed and cabinet, which reduces the comprehensive cost;

(3) The upper floor adopts sliding window, which has good ventilation and lighting. Compared with ordinary houses with the same height and area, the land utilization rate can be increased by 40%.

Disadvantages are:

(1) The duplex residence has a wide area and a small depth. If the indoor corridor plane combination is adopted, some apartments will inevitably have poor orientation, natural ventilation and lighting.

(2) The floor height is too low. If the kitchen is only 2 meters high, it is easy to feel uncomfortable after long-term use; The storage room is very large, but the height is only 1.2 meters, so it is difficult to make full use of it.

(3) Because indoor partitions and floors are made of thin wooden boards, the wood cost is high, the sound insulation and fire prevention functions are poor, and the privacy and safety of rooms are poor.

Intelligent residence refers to a residential building that organically combines all kinds of home automation equipment, electrical equipment, computers and network systems with architectural technology and art, so as to obtain a feeling of safe living, healthy environment, reasonable economy, convenient life and thoughtful service, which makes people feel warm and comfortable and can stimulate people's creativity. It is generally believed that a house with the following four functions is a smart house:

(1) security defense automation;

(2) body health care automation;

(3) housework automation;

(4) Automation of culture, entertainment and information.

With the following four basic functions, you can realize the automation of family activities. The automation of family activities refers to the automation of housework, management, culture, entertainment and communication. The so-called housework refers to household appliances, security facilities, energy management, etc. The so-called management refers to family purchase, economic management, housework and medical and health management; The so-called cultural entertainment refers to the use of computers for learning, entertainment, literary and artistic creation, etc. The so-called communication refers to the use of communication networks to contact and consult with the outside world.

(1) The Guide requires that a one-star demonstration community should have: security subsystem, including entrance and exit management and perimeter defense alarm, closed-circuit television monitoring, intercom and security door control, household alarm and patrol management; Information management subsystem, including monitoring and security system, remote copy and management, IC card, vehicle access and parking management, power supply equipment, public lighting, elevators, water supply and other important equipment monitoring and management, emergency broadcasting and background music system, property management computer system; Information network subsystem, including scientific and reasonable wiring to realize the above functions, and no less than two telephone lines and two cable TV sockets shall be established for each household.

(2) The two-star demonstration community should have all the functions of one star, and the function and technical level should be greatly improved in terms of security subsystem and information management subsystem; The information transmission channel should adopt high-speed broadband data network as the backbone network; Property management computer system should be equipped with local area network for residents to use.

(3) A three-star demonstration community should have all the functions of a two-star model community. If possible, the construction of its intelligent system should realize the modern integrated building system (HI-CIMS) technology, and the construction of intelligent property management system should be brought into the whole residential area as a subsystem of HI-CIMS project. At the same time, HI-CIMS should consider the operation mode that its intelligent system is managed by the property company, so as to make it advanced, extensible and easy to manage.

In residential design, the width of a house refers to the actual distance from one wall to the other. Because it is based on the width of a natural room, it is called a studio. According to the relevant regulations, the following parameters are often used for the width of brick-concrete houses: 2. 1 m, 2.4 m, 3.0 m, 3.3 m, 3.6 m, 3.9 m, 4.2 m. But as far as a large number of brick-concrete houses are built in China, the width of the houses is generally less than 3.3 m. Setting a smaller bay size can effectively shorten the spatial span of the floor and enhance the integrity, stability and seismic capacity of the residential structure.

The length and depth of a house refers to the actual length of an independent house or residential building from the front wall to the back wall in architecture. According to the relevant regulations, the depth of residential buildings usually adopts the following parameters: 3.0m, 3.3m, 3.6m, 3.9m, 4.2m, 4.5m, 4.8m, 5. 1m, 5.4m, 5.7m and 6.0m. In order to ensure good natural lighting and ventilation conditions, theoretically, the depth of a house should not be too large. On the premise that the height (height) and width (width) of the house are determined, if the depth of the designed house is too large, the house will be long and narrow, and the natural light in the indoor space far from the doors and windows will be insufficient; If the long and narrow space is artificially separated, the partially separated room will become a dark room without natural light. Of course, dark rooms are not suitable for people to live in. One of the remedial measures is to use darkrooms in secondary living areas, such as storage rooms and walkways, to make up for the lack of natural light with artificial lighting. Another measure is to build an inner patio in the house, arrange rooms with insufficient light around the inner patio, and solve the problem of insufficient lighting and ventilation through the patio. However, there are also some problems in the lower floor of quadrangles, such as kitchen odor, sound transmission, large interference and insufficient lighting.

According to the relevant regulations, the green rate of new residential areas meeting the planning standards shall not be less than 30%, and the per capita living area shall be 2 square meters, and the per capita living area shall be 1 square meter.

The green coverage rate is different and relatively broad. Generally, places where grass grows can be counted as greening, so the greening coverage rate is generally higher than the greening rate. To calculate the green space referred to by the green coverage rate, simply speaking, as long as there is a piece of turf, it can be counted, so the green coverage rate can sometimes reach more than 60%.

Architectural model is an essential test item in architectural design and urban planning. It shows the spatial effect of the design scheme with its unique image. Therefore, modeling in many departments such as architecture, planning or exhibition at home and abroad has become an independent discipline.

The artistic model of architectural environment is between the plan and the actual three-dimensional space, which is a three-dimensional model by organically linking the two. Architectural model is helpful to the scrutiny of design creation, which can intuitively reflect the design intention and make up for the limitations of drawings in performance (see architectural drawing). It is not only a part of the designer's design process, but also a manifestation of design, which is widely used in urban construction, real estate development, commercial housing sales, design bidding, investment cooperation and other fields.

According to architectural design drawings or concepts, a scaled-down sample made of easy-to-process materials. Architectural model is a means to express the appearance and spatial relationship of buildings or structures in architectural design. For modern buildings with advanced technology, complex functions and changeable artistic shapes, it is especially necessary to use models for design and creation.

Changchun Woodpecker Model Design and Production Co., Ltd. is a branch of Beijing Woodpecker Model Production Co., Ltd. in Changchun. It plays a leading role in Changchun model making, Changchun architectural model and Jilin model sand table. Our company is a professional model making and building making company integrating planning model making, industrial model making, building model making, model sand table making, real estate model design and making, exhibition hall design and layout construction, and virtual reality development and research. The company takes the national first-class registered architects, arts and crafts artists and surveying and mapping professionals as the backbone, and the model creators are resource experts. We have many practical experiences in large and medium-sized model making and model sand table project 10000, and many young and middle-aged technicians with high professionalism, which has laid a sound foundation for the company's development. Over the years, we have been adhering to the concept of "being a man first, then doing things", being conscientious and diligent, and have the honor to become a professional model making company with rapid development in China.

With the most advanced modern engraving machine, laser machine and perfect technology, we provide the most reasonable model making materials. The company has set up branches in Zhengzhou, Changchun, Lanzhou, Hohhot, Urumqi, Kunming, Jinan and other places, covering the whole country. Based on superb technology, we constantly pursue a higher artistic realm and lead the development trend of model making with forward-looking vision and quality.