Analysis on the present situation and countermeasures of building energy saving?

Analysis of students' problems: current situation and countermeasures of building energy saving?

Answer 1. Present situation of building energy consumption in China

According to relevant national data, more than 90% of China's fossil energy resources are coal, and the per capita reserves are 1/2 of the world average, while the per capita oil reserves are 1 1% of the world average, and the natural gas is only 4.5%. Coal consumption accounts for 40% of the world's total, and oil consumption ranks second in the world after France. China's external dependence on energy exceeds 50%. In terms of land resources, China's per capita arable land is only 1/3 of the world's per capita arable land, and water resources are only1/4 of the world's per capita arable land; However, building solid clay bricks will destroy 1.2 million mu of land every year. At present, the energy shortage in China is very severe, which may threaten the stability and security of the country. In such a tight resource situation, the energy consumption of residential buildings accounts for 32% of the national energy consumption. Nearly 40 billion square meters of buildings in China are basically high-energy buildings, and the heating energy consumption per unit area is equivalent to 2-3 times that of developed countries with similar climatic conditions. At present, nearly 2 billion square meters of new buildings are built in China every year, exceeding the sum of all developed countries, but more than 90% of them are still high-energy buildings. It is predicted that in the next 10 year, that is, by 2020, about 20 billion square meters of buildings will be built in China. If energy-saving measures are not taken and building energy-saving materials are not popularized, the building energy consumption will reach 165438+ 1 100 million tons of standard coal in 2020, which is equivalent to three times the current building energy consumption. According to experts' calculations, if the state makes up its mind to pay close attention to building energy conservation from now on, comprehensively enforce the design and application of energy conservation in new buildings, and carry out energy conservation transformation in existing buildings step by step, by 2020, China's building energy consumption will be reduced by 335 million tons of standard coal, the peak load of air conditioning will be reduced by about 80 million kWh (equivalent to the total output of 4.5 Three Gorges power stations, reducing the investment in power construction by about 600 billion yuan), and the energy shortage and pollution pressure will be alleviated. However, if we continue to let ourselves drift and miss this great opportunity and do not take resolute and effective measures, it will greatly increase the national energy burden for a long time, seriously restrict the sustainable development of China's economy and society, and pose a major threat to energy security and atmospheric environment. The grim reality shows that if the country wants to develop continuously, it must increase the research on building energy efficiency, formulate corresponding laws and regulations, take effective measures and popularize them.

Second, the crux of building energy efficiency in China

Why is there an embarrassing situation of "much thunder and little rain" in China's building energy conservation work? What hinders the development of building energy efficiency in China? In my opinion, it can be summarized as: 1. Weak awareness of building energy conservation. People don't fully realize the importance and urgency of building energy efficiency in building a harmonious society, and they also lack a deep understanding of the basic knowledge of building energy efficiency. For example, when people buy a house, many people don't know or care about the level of building energy consumption. In this way, as the main body, people have no demand for energy-saving housing, and they have no right to choose and supervise the energy-saving performance of housing, which leads to a considerable number of developers and suppliers lacking a sense of social responsibility and law-abiding awareness, and at the same time evading government supervision. In addition, the competent authorities in some areas have not really established Scientific Outlook on Development. In order to pursue "political achievements", they only pay attention to the number and scale of buildings and relax or give up their supervision and management functions. 2. Lack of effective promotion and exchange platform for new technologies, new materials and new management modes. In recent years, the scale and total amount of buildings in China have increased rapidly, but the investment in science and technology has not kept up, the progress of building science and technology has lagged behind, and the contribution rate to building development is not high; Many of our so-called "innovations" actually put a lot of energy into the concept hype and skin packaging of architecture, but did not focus on the improvement of internal quality. They even copied and pieced together some conceptual things mechanically, lacking technical support. The situation of wasting resources and polluting the environment has not fundamentally changed, and the symptoms are not cured. 3. The laws, regulations, policies and measures are not perfect. Building energy efficiency involves many departments of the state and government, as well as various fields of natural science and applied science, such as design standards, building materials, water supply and power supply, etc. It is difficult to implement it by any department alone. The corresponding functional departments should take the lead, strengthen coordination, formulate effective laws and regulations and administrative supervision system, force all stakeholders to actively participate in energy conservation, and form a comprehensive supervision institution with strong government authority.

Third, thinking about the development of building energy efficiency.

At present, it is urgent to vigorously promote building energy efficiency, and our government has also formulated relevant policies and regulations. We should seize the favorable opportunity to closely combine building energy conservation with the modernization of housing industry. In the new historical period of building a well-off society in an all-round way, we should truly implement Scientific Outlook on Development, put people first, and strive to build a harmonious society from three aspects: energy-saving concepts, energy-saving technologies and energy-saving policies.

1. Fully implement and embody Scientific Outlook on Development. The essence of promoting the development of building energy conservation is to establish and adhere to the Scientific Outlook on Development, lead the construction industry chain, unify the ideas of various industries, and establish a correct concept of energy conservation in engineering construction and product use.

1. 1 Establish a people-oriented concept. Building energy saving is not a one-sided saving, but an overall improvement of building foundation quality. Don't mistakenly think that building energy efficiency is to lower the building standards and usage level, and prevent energy-saving buildings from being simply understood as "low standards" and "simple houses". Building energy efficiency can not advocate excessive occupation and waste of resources, but not at the expense of reducing comprehensive performance and sacrificing comfort. Its final product must be a humanized building with excellent quality, fully embodying and satisfying the harmonious concept of people-oriented, benefiting people, returning to nature and adapting to the level of social development.

1.2 Establish the concept of overall economy. Building energy saving is not only energy saving, but also creating an economical development model and establishing a scientific, systematic and comprehensive concept of saving on the macro platform of architecture.

1.3 Establish the concept of life cycle cost. The life cycle cost of a building refers to the comprehensive cost used in the whole process from the initial construction to the operational use until the scrapping. Including initial construction cost, consumption period consumption and maintenance and operation cost. In the long consumption process, the operating cost is a significant energy consumption that cannot be ignored. Energy-saving buildings do not increase the comprehensive cost, but generally reduce the comprehensive cost.

2. Constantly promote and accelerate technological innovation. Carrying out building energy conservation means relying on scientific and technological progress, persisting in technological innovation, rapidly improving building quality and performance, seeking sustainable development and eliminating and reducing waste.

2. 1 Reduce resource consumption. The efficient use of resources, the construction and consumption of buildings, and the production and use of materials should all choose new technical routes to save resources, reduce resource consumption, and try not to use or use less non-renewable resources.

2.2 Improve material properties. High-performance material products are the premise of efficient utilization of resources. Building structural materials should have sufficient strength and durability, and the enclosure structure should have good thermal insulation performance. Waterproof, sound insulation, coatings, pipes and other special functional materials should have corresponding high performance.

2.3 Reduce environmental pollution. Eliminate the use of polluting materials, resolutely and effectively control the discharge of harmful substances, and use clean energy as much as possible.

2.4 Extend the life cycle. Giving full play to the potential of materials and prolonging their service life can not only save resources, reduce construction costs, but also reduce environmental load.

2.5 Increase recycling efforts. Minimize waste and emissions, make the input and recovery of resources form a virtuous circle, and minimize the final waste.

3. Establish and improve the legal standard system and incentive mechanism. The slow progress of building energy conservation is related to the weakness of the legal system and the lack of incentive policies. At present, it is necessary to study and formulate industrial policies to promote building energy efficiency.

3. 1 Enforce the existing laws, regulations and energy-saving standards, and expect the government to speed up the formulation of relevant standards and norms, gradually form a sound system of laws and regulations, and establish a strong restraint mechanism. 3.2 Accelerate the construction of policy support and technical service system. We can learn from the successful experience of some countries and increase the government's support for the research and development of building energy-saving related technologies and products; Establish national building energy-saving product certification and building energy-saving labeling system. 3.3 Intensify the reform of urban heating system, and fully realize the quantification, marketization and monetization of heating. Like hydropower, it is necessary to implement a management system that whoever uses heat pays, adjusts the room temperature independently, and charges according to the quantity.

3.4 Establish a set of economic incentive system to arouse people's awareness of energy conservation, such as giving preferential tax and fee policies to energy-saving buildings, and raising awareness of energy conservation by economic means, so that the whole people can realize that building energy conservation is a great cause that benefits the present and the future.

The above contents are compiled according to the problems encountered by the students in their actual work for reference. If in doubt, please communicate and correct in time.

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