Educational Development of Postgraduate Education System in France

France is a centralized country. From the beginning of the establishment of medieval universities to today, the French government has never given up the management right of universities. In recent 30 years, university autonomy has become the mainstream of French higher education development. 1968 The Higher Education Law has profoundly reformed the management system and teaching structure of higher education, established the principle of "autonomy, participation and multi-discipline", and stipulated that universities have administrative, financial and teaching autonomy. 1984 65438+1October 26th, the new Higher Education Law was promulgated, which redefined the nature of colleges and universities as public education characterized by science, culture and occupation, and emphasized that higher education should be gradually professionalized. Colleges and universities gain more autonomy and initiative in running schools and finance by signing contracts with the state. The contract period is usually four years. The state carries out unified planning and centralized management in the overall school-running policy, education laws and regulations, financial allocation, teacher recruitment, national diploma, education evaluation, etc. Schools can enjoy relative autonomy in the management of school affairs, the use of funds, teaching and research, social exchanges, international exchanges and so on.

Through the investigation of the demand for national education, France gradually realized that education should not be simply regarded as "consumption", but as an "investment" because it can promote economic growth. Based on this idea, the French government made efforts to increase investment in education, so that the proportion of education funds in the national budget rose from 6.65% in 1950 to 10.3% in 1957, and reached 210.5% in 2000.

1989 July 10 The Education Guidance Law states that in 2000, 80% of the school-age youth will take the senior high school entrance examination. To this end, the French government has formulated two plans: "emergency plan" and "multi-year plan for university transformation and development".

The Emergency Plan proposes to make up for the lag of infrastructure construction in 15 colleges and universities, expand enrollment, and add 200,000 square meters of construction area on the basis of adding 60 square meters of college buildings in 1990. The "Multi-year Plan for University Innovation and Development", that is, the "University Plan for 2000", aims to determine the scale and measures that universities should develop by the year 2000. 1990, under the president's commitment, a five-year plan for the construction of1500,000 square meters university building was decided, and the increased cost of16 billion francs was included in the budget of 19 1.

1The student surge in French universities at the end of 1995 prompted the French government to start higher education reform again. Minister of Education Bayrou envisions the establishment of a university vocational college to achieve a balance between general education and technical education. He also promised that the fixed assets of universities will be changed from state ownership to school ownership, and universities will be allowed to set up foundations.

2 1 century, France must pay more attention to higher education and promote its greater development if it wants to maintain its political and economic advantages in Europe and compete with the economic powers such as the United States and Japan.