Middle school students read classics of Chinese studies.

In the ordinary study, work and life, everyone has collected their favorite ancient poems, and the rules of ancient poems are less restricted. Are you still looking for excellent and classic ancient poems? The following are the classic readings of middle school students' Chinese studies that I collected for you, for reference only. Welcome to read them.

Li Bai will drink

Have you seen him, how the Yellow River's waters move out of heaven, entering the ocean, never to return?

I don't see you, how lovely locks in bright mirrors in high chambers, though silken-black at morning, have changed by night to snow.

oh, let a man of spirit venture where he pleases, and never tip his golden cup empty toward the moon!!

since heaven gave the talent, let it be employed!, spin a thousand pieces of silver, all of them come back!.

cook a sheep, kill a cow, whet the appetite, and make me, of three hundred bowls, one long drink!!

Master Cen, Dan Qiusheng, bring in the wine! Let your cups never rest!!

let me sing you a song!, let your ears attend!!

what are bell and drum, rare dishes and treasure?, let me be forever drunk and never come to reason!!

sober men of olden days and sages are forgotten, and only the great drinkers are famous for all time!

prince Chen paid at a banquet in the Palace of Perfection, ten thousand coins for a cask of wine, with many a laugh and quip.

why say, my host, that your money is gone?? Go and buy wine and we'll drink it together!.

streaky horse, golden jubilee, hand them to the boy to exchange for good wine, and we'll drown away the woes of ten thousand generations!!

Li Bai's Shu Dao is difficult

Alas, it's dangerous! The difficulty of Shu Dao is difficult to go to the sky! Until two rulers of this region, pushed their way through in the misty ages! Forty-eight thousand years had passed, don't talk to Qin Sai. And the Great White Mountain, westward, still has only a bird's path, you can cross Mount Emei. Which was broken once by an earthquake and there were brave men lost, just finishing the stone rungs of their ladder toward heaven. High, as on a tall flag, six dragons drive the sun, while the river, far below, lashes its twisted course. Such height would be hard going for even a yellow crane, so pity the poor monkeys who have only paws to use. The Mountain of Green Clay is formed of many circles, each hundred steps, we have to turn nine turns among its mound. Panting, we brush Orion and pass the Well Star, then, holding our chests with our hands and sinking to the ground with a groan.

we wonder if this westward trail will never have an end? The formidable path ahead grows darker, darker still. With nothing heard but the call of birds hemmed in by the ancient forest, the male flies around the forest from the female. Jathyapple, and there come to us the melancholy voices of the cuckoos, sorrow empty mountain. It's hard to get through the Shu Road, but it's hard to get into the sky, even to hear of it turns the cheek pale. With the highest crag barely a foot below heaven, dry pines hang, head down, from the face of the cliffs. And a thousand plunging cataracts outroar one another, and send through ten thousand valleys a thunder of spinning stones. That's the risk, why do people come here who live at a safe distance?.

though Dagger-Tower Pass be firm and grim, and while one man guards it and ten thousand cannot force it. What if he be not loyal, but a wolf toward his fellows?. There are ravenous tigers to fear in the day, and venomous reptiles in the night, with their teeth and their fangs ready, killing people like hemp. Though the City of Silk be delectable, I would rather turn home quickly. The difficulty of the Shu road is difficult to get to the sky, and it is difficult to look sideways at the west for a long time.

Zhou Dunyi's Ailian said

The flowers of land and water plants are very lovely. Jin Tao Yuanming loves chrysanthemums alone; Since Li Tang came, the world has loved peony; To love the lotus alone, the mud is not stained, and it is clear but not demon. It is straight outside, not creeping, and the fragrance is far away and clear. It is graceful and quiet, but it can be viewed from a distance without being ridiculous. To call chrysanthemum, the hermit of flowers is also; Peony, the flower is rich; Lotus, the gentleman of flowers is also. Hey! The love of chrysanthemum is rarely heard after pottery; The love of lotus, who is the giver; The love of peony is suitable for many people.

Historical and cultural background:

Zhou Dunyi (117-73), the author of "The Theory of Love Lotus", was originally named Dunyi, who avoided the old British Sect and was afraid to change. His name was Mao Shu, and he was born in Daozhou (now Daoxian County, Hunan Province). With my uncle Zheng to Zheng Xiangyin, I got the official position. At the beginning, I was divided into Ning's main book, and I knew Guiyang and Nanchang County, and I was the judge of Hezhou and the judge of Qianzhou. In the early days of Xi Ning, Shen Zong moved to Guangdong to connect with judges and raise some prisons, in order to learn more about Nankang Army, because his family was at the foot of Lotus Peak in Lushan Mountain. There is a stream in front of the peak, named after the former residence of Yingdao, and scholars call it Mr. Lianxi. Six years old, 57 years old. Dunyi was one of the founders of Daoism in Song Dynasty, and Cheng Hao and Cheng Yi were both famous. In the 13th year of Jiading (122), Ning Zong was given the posthumous title of Yuan Gong, and in the first year of Chunyou (1241), Li Zong worshipped the Confucius Temple. He is the author of Tai Chi Illustration and General Book. The History of the Song Dynasty (Volume 427) has been circulated. Zhou Dunyi's poems are based on Zheng Yi Tang Ji Zhou Lian Xi Ji published by Zhang Boxing in the Qing Dynasty, and proofread by Dong Rong in the Qing Dynasty, Zhou Lian Xi Ji (referred to as Dong Ben) and Wen Yuan Ge's Sikuquanshu Joo Won? Gong Ji (referred to as Sikuben). Poems outside the collection are attached to the end of the volume.

One of the great features of The Theory of Love Lotus is that it uses lotus as a metaphor for personality and uses things to personify people. For example, Confucius said that "pines and cypresses wither when they are cold", which means that pines and cypresses are compared to people's character and strength of "heavy snow presses the pines, and the pines are straight and straight". It seems that pine, bamboo, plum, orchid and chrysanthemum are used more, and it is usually said that "four friends in cold years" and "four gentlemen in flowers" are all of this kind.

Preface to Wang Boteng's Pavilion

The old county of Yuzhang is the new mansion of Hongdu. The stars are divided into wings, and the ground is connected to Henglu. Jin Sanjiang and five lakes, controlling barbarians and attracting Ou Yue. Wuhua Tianbao, the market of dragon light shooting cattle fights; Outstanding people, Xu Ru off the couch of Chen Fan. Xiongzhou fog column, Jun Cai Xing Chi. At the turn of the summer, the host and the guest do their best in the southeast. The commander-in-chief Yan Gong looks elegant, and the halberd is far away; Yi Fan of Yuwen Xinzhou is temporarily stationed. Ten-day vacation, winning friends like a cloud; A thousand miles welcomes you, weddings. Teng Jiao Qi Feng, the poet of Meng Xueshi; Purple electric cream is the armory of General Wang. When the family is the slaughter, the road is famous, and the boy knows nothing.

The chronological order is Sanqiu. The water is exhausted and the cold pool is clear, and the smoke is condensed and the mountains are purple. Yan Yan enjoys going on the road and visiting the scenery to worship Afghanistan. Close to Changzhou, Di Zi, you will get the old pavilion of heaven and man. The terrace is green, and the sky is heavy; Flying pavilion, Xiang Dan, there is no land under the ground. Heting Guzhu, the haunt of poor islands; Gui Dian Lan Gong, that is, the posture of hills and mountains. Embroidered Lu, carved Lu: Yamahara is full of vision, while Kawasawa is bold. Lu Yan, the home of Zhong Ming Ding Food; Ge ship maze, the axis of green finch and Huanglong. Cloud sales rain Ji, colorful and clear. Sunset and lonely Qi Fei, autumn water * * * the sky is the same color. Fishing boats sing late, ringing the coast of Peng Li; Yan zhen was shocked by the cold, and the sound broke the Pu of Hengyang.

you can fly with ease. Cool sounds and breezes, fine songs and white clouds. There are green bamboos in Suiyuan, which makes Pengze angry; Ye Shui Zhu Hua, the pen that shines in Linchuan. Four beautiful things, two difficult to combine. Poor in the sky, extremely entertaining in leisure time. The sky is high and the earth is wide, and the universe is infinite; Happiness comes with sorrow, and knowledge is empty. Looking at Chang' an in the sun, Wu will meet in the clouds. The terrain is extremely deep in the south, Tianzhu is high and Beichen is far away. It is difficult to cross the mountain, and whoever loses his way is sad; When the ditch meets the water, it is full of guests from other places. If you don't see the emperor, what year will you serve in the propaganda room? Hehe! Bad luck, ill-fated life; Feng Tang is easy to get old, but Li Guang is hard to seal. Qu Jiayi was in Changsha, not without a Lord; It's time to flee to Liang Hong in Haiqu. It's up to the gentleman to play it by ear, and it's up to know life. When you are old and strong, you would rather move your heart; If you are poor, you will be strong, and you will not fall into the blue sky. Feel happy when you are greedy for springs, and enjoy each other when you are dry. Although beihai is on credit, it can be picked up; The cold corner is gone, mulberry is not late. Meng tastes noble and noble, and he is free to serve the country; Ruan Ji is crazy, how can he cry at the end of the road!

bob, a scholar, is three feet short. There is no way to ask for it, waiting for the weak crown of the final army; Have a pen with your heart, and love the wind of living in peace. I gave up my hair for a hundred years, and I fainted in Wan Li in the morning. It is not the treasure tree of Xie Jia, but the neighbor of Meng Shi. He is getting more and more court, and he is accompanying carp; Today, I hold my hand and hope to hold Longmen. Yang Yi does not meet, caressing Lingyun and cherishing himself; When the clock meets, why be ashamed to play running water? Whoo! There are not many resorts, and it is difficult to have a grand feast; Lanting is gone, Zize Qiuxu. Parting words, thanks to Wei Wei; Climbing high to make a contribution is to hope for the public. Dare to exhaust your feelings, be respectful and short-cited; All words are given, and all four rhymes are achieved. Please sprinkle Pan Jiang, and each side will pour its own water into the sea.

Wang Bo (65-676), Zi An, was born in Longmen, Jiangzhou (now Hejin County, Shanxi Province). At the end of Sui Dynasty, Wen Zi was the grandson of Wang Tong. At the age of six, he was able to write, but before he was crowned, he was given the title of "You Su Ke Ji", which was written for Pei Wang (Li Xian) House. Because the composition offended Gaozong, he was driven away, roaming in Shu, visiting Jiannan, and then making up for Guozhou to join the army. He was sentenced to death for killing officials and slaves privately, and was removed from the list in case of forgiveness. His father's blessing was involved and he was demoted. The father of Bodu Nanhai Province drowned and died of shock. Together with Yang Jiong, Lu Zhaolin and Luo Binwang, they are also called "four outstanding figures in the early Tang Dynasty". His poems are rich in weather and harmonious in rhythm, which opened up a new style in the early Tang Dynasty, especially the five-character poems. His parallel prose is full of chapters and sentences, and his Preface to Tengwang Pavilion is very famous. Among the "four outstanding figures", Wang Bo made the greatest achievement. The collection of poems and essays was lost early, and the Ming Dynasty compiled the Collection of Wang Zian.

Wen Yiduo once said that the four outstanding men in the early Tang Dynasty were "young but talented, small but famous, and all of them acted romantically, and suffered especially tragic experiences" (Miscellaneous Comments on Tang Poetry). The Preface to Tengwang Pavilion, as a gift preface, takes the opportunity of climbing the mountain to feel the current affairs and lament the life experience, which is full of the spirit of the times and personal characteristics. Although Wang Bo suffered setbacks in his life, he could not help complaining about his impermanence and fate, but what we experienced more in the article was the author's ambition to use the world and his will to strengthen himself. Hope and disappointment, pursuit and pain are intertwined, which is the moving part of the article. As an excellent parallel prose, the author mobilized the artistic means such as antithesis and allusion, and showed the interest of natural change in the exquisite and strict form; Especially in the scenery description part, the style of writing is magnificent, and the techniques are diverse. The autumn scenery is vividly depicted with rich or light, prone or upturned, distant and close, and colorful pictures, which makes people applaud and admire. Among them, "Sunset and lonely Qi Fei, autumn waters * * * the sky is the same color" is linked, and the movement and the mood are harmonious, which has become a famous sentence that has been told through the ages.

Master Han Yushi said

Ancient scholars must have teachers. Teachers, so preach, receive industry, and solve doubts. People are not born knowing, who can be without doubt? If you are confused and don't follow the teacher, you will eventually be puzzled.

before he was born, his knowledge of Tao was also solid before me, so I learned from him; After I was born, I learned the Tao first, so I learned from it. I'm a teacher, and I don't know that my years were born in me. Therefore, there is nothing expensive or cheap, nothing long or little, and the existence of Tao and the existence of teachers also exist.

hehe! It's been a long time since the teacher's way was passed down! It's hard to be confused! The ancient sage, who is also far away, is still asking questions from the teacher; Today's people are far from being saints, and they are ashamed to learn from their teachers; Is it because of this that the sage benefits the sage, the fool benefits the fool, the sage is holy, and the fool is stupid?

If you love your son and choose a teacher to teach him, you will be ashamed of him and confused! The teacher of the boy who teaches the book and learns its sentences is not what I call a person who spreads his teachings and solves his doubts. I don't know, I don't understand, I don't know, I don't know, I don't know, I don't know, I don't know.

Witch doctors are skilled musicians, and they are not ashamed to learn from each other. Scholar-officials' families, who called their teachers disciples Yun, gathered together and laughed. When asked, they said, "He was similar to that year, and his way was similar. Being humble is shameful, and being official is close. " Whoo! The teacher's way is unknown. Witch doctors are skilled musicians, and a gentleman is contemptuous. Today, his wisdom is beyond his reach, which is strange and embarrassing!

Immortals are impermanent teachers, and Confucius' teachers are Tanzi, Changhong, Shi Xiang and Lao Dan. The disciples of the scorpion are not as wise as Confucius. Confucius said, "If you have three people, you must have a teacher." Therefore, disciples don't have to be inferior to teachers, and teachers don't have to be superior to disciples. They have a good knowledge of Taoism and specialize in their skills. That's all.

Li Zipan, seventeen years old, is good at classical Chinese, and all the six arts are well-known in Xi Zhi; Regardless of the time, Yu Jiaqi can learn from the rest, and he can learn from the ancient road.

The author introduces

Han Yu (768 ~ 824), a writer and philosopher in the Tang Dynasty. To put it bluntly, people from Heyang, Henan Province (now Mengxian County, Henan Province) often call themselves "ancestral home Changli (now Hebei Province)" and are known as Han Changli in the world. At the age of three, he had no parents and was raised by his sister-in-law. He studied hard since childhood. When Dezong Zhenyuan was a scholar, he was appointed as a supervisor of the imperial censor. When the Guanzhong was dry and hungry, he wrote to please forgive the people and was demoted to Shanyang Order. After the pardon, he served as a doctor of Guozi, assistant minister of punishments, etc., and was demoted as a secretariat of Chaozhou because he dissuaded Xian Zong from welcoming Buddha bones into the palace. Mu Zong acceded to the throne, was recalled to Beijing, served as assistant minister of Ministry of War, and turned to assistant minister of official department, so it was also called Korean official department. After his death, posthumous title was known as Han Wengong. He is conceited in honest and frank and likes to reward the backward. Politically, he opposed the separatist regime of the buffer region, ideologically respected Confucianism and excluded Buddhism, and in literature, he strongly opposed the style of writing of couples since the Six Dynasties, advocating prose, and was an advocate of the ancient prose movement with Liu Zongyuan. His prose inherits the tradition of pre-Qin and Han dynasties, and develops innovatively, with careful argumentation and vigorous momentum, liberates the article from the shackles of formalism and changes the style of writing. Therefore, Su Shi said that he "started the decline of eight dynasties (Eastern Han, Wei, Jin, Song, Qi, Liang, Chen and Sui)". It can be seen that the impact is great. In the old days, it was listed as the first of the "Eight Masters in Tang and Song Dynasties" and was also called "Han Liu" with Liu Zongyuan. His poems strive for novelty and have a great influence on Song poetry. He is the author of 4 volumes of Mr. Changli's Collection and 1 volumes of Foreign Collection.

solving problems

this article is selected from the collection of Mr. Changli, which is a famous essay by Han Yu. "Shuo", an ancient style, can be discussed or recorded, all in order to show the author's views and explain the truth of lodging. "Teacher's theory" is to talk about the truth of learning from teachers. The author wrote this article when Tang Dezong was a doctor of imperial academy in the 18th year of Zhenyuan (82), in view of the fact that Confucian Confucian classics strictly adhered to the teacher's law and stood still, and that the scholar-officials in Wei and Jin Dynasties were "ignorant of teachers" and "ashamed to learn from teachers", and that the society at that time did not attach importance to seeking teachers' learning. Liu Zongyuan talked about this matter in Answer to Wei Zhongli's Book on Teacher's Way, saying: "In this world, I don't know that there are teachers, but I think it's crazy to laugh." Han Yu, alone, ignored the customs, laughed and insulted, and learned after receiving the call to write "Teacher's Theory", because he resisted Yan as a teacher. The world's strange people gather to scold, pointing to the eye and pulling, and adding to words. The more you get a crazy name. " From this we can see the writing background and the author's fighting spirit of Shi Shuo.

Ouyang Xiu's drunken pavilion

Surrounding Chu and Chu mountains. Its southwest peaks, forest valley You Mei. Those who look at it with great beauty and deep beauty, Langya (láng yá) also. After six or seven miles on the mountain, you gradually hear the sound of water gurgling (chán chán), and those who pour out between the two peaks make a spring. The peak turns to a pavilion, and those who are on the spring are drunk with the pavilion. Who is the pavilion? The monk of the mountain is also wise and immortal. Who is the name? The satrap calls himself. The satrap and the guests come here to drink, and they drink less (zhé) and get drunk, and the year is the highest, so they call themselves "drunkards". The meaning of drunkenness is not wine, but also between mountains and rivers. The joy of mountains and rivers, the heart of the heart and the wine.

if the husband is at sunrise and the forest is blooming, the clouds will return to the caves, and the twilight will change in the mountains. The wild fragrance is fragrant, the beautiful wood is beautiful and cloudy, the wind and frost are noble and clean, and the water falls and the stone comes out, which is also in the mountains at four o'clock. Going to the morning and returning at dusk, the scenery at four o'clock is different, and the joy is endless.

as for the loser who sings on the way, the walker rests on the tree, the former calls, the latter should support, and those who keep going back and forth will swim. Fishing near the stream, the stream is deep and the fish is fat; Brewing spring is wine, the spring is fragrant and the wine is mellow (bitter); The wild pheasant with mountain food, however, is the predecessor, and it is also a satrap feast. The joy of a hearty feast is not silk or bamboo. Among the shooters, the player wins, and those who sit up and make noise are all happy. Those who are pale and white-haired and self-effacing are too defensive and drunk.

It's already sunset in the mountains, and people are scattered, and the guests are obedient. The Woods are overcast, singing up and down, tourists go and birds are happy. However, birds know the joy of mountains, but not the joy of people; People know that it is fun to swim from the satrap, but they don't know that the satrap is fun. Drunkenness can be fun, and those who wake up can tell the story with words are too defensive. Who is the satrap? Lu Ling Ouyang Xiu also.