What are the parts of the house?

Building components: foundation and foundation, wall or column, floor and ground, doors and windows, stairs, roof, etc.

(1) Foundation and foundation: Foundation: refers to the soil layer under the building. It bears the load of the whole building from the foundation, including the self-weight of the building, the weight of people and equipment acting on the building and the snow load. Foundation: Located at the lower part of the wall column, it is the underground part of the building. It bears all the load on the upper part of the building and transfers it to the foundation.

(2) Walls and columns: Load-bearing walls and columns are vertical load-bearing components of buildings, which bear loads from roofs and floors and transmit them to the foundation together with their own weight. In addition, the external wall can also resist the invasion of wind, frost, rain and snow on buildings, so that indoor living and working conditions are good, that is, it plays a role of enclosure; The interior wall also divides the interior of the building into several spaces, which plays a role in division.

(3) Floor and ground: Floor is a horizontal load-bearing component, which mainly bears the vertical load acting on it and transmits it to the wall or column together with its own weight. At the same time, the building is divided into several floors. The floor also plays the role of horizontal support for the wall. The ground of the ground floor room is close to the foundation soil, which bears the vertical load acting on it and directly transfers it to the foundation together with its own weight.

(4) Stairs: refers to the vertical traffic passage between floors.

(5) Roof: it is the uppermost covering structure layer of the building, which is not only a load-bearing component, but also an enclosure component. Bear all kinds of loads acting on it and transfer them to the wall or column together with the weight of the roof structure; At the same time, it has the functions of heat preservation and waterproof.

(6) Doors and windows: Doors are appendages of buildings, which provide people with access to houses or rooms and carry furniture and equipment. Some doors have the function of lighting and ventilation. The main function of windows is ventilation and lighting. Generally speaking, foundation, wall column, floor slab, floor slab and roof are the main parts of a building. Doors, windows, stairs, etc. It's an annex to the building. ?

A house is a building where people live or store things. House is the mother of family and the sustenance of human existence, where people can avoid all external interference and enjoy a free life with their relatives. This housing-oriented idea has had a far-reaching impact on people, who are trying to own their own houses.

Noun explanation: houses are mostly large-scale. Legally, it refers to the closed space of a family's daily life, and outsiders are not allowed to enter it at will. Article 39 of the Constitution of People's Republic of China (PRC): The houses of the people of China and citizens of People's Republic of China (PRC) are inviolable. When building a house, use cement bricks instead of red bricks.

The third time in the Water Margin: "There is a small village in the south, which is the residence of the civilian Liu Zhizhai." In the Qing Dynasty, Li Yu's "Qiao Reunion Dream": "If you feel it in the future, don't go to this small building. If you go up again, you must find a whereabouts and see whose house it is. "

Gong Ding, a cripple in Sha Ting, said: "In this disturbing year, many people who are not as good as him have taken the right path. They built a house with four columns of water. " Housing refers to houses used for living, including villas, apartments, dormitory for employees' families and collective dormitories, dormitory for single employees and dormitory for students. But it does not include the basement used as civil air defense and uninhabited in residential buildings, nor does it include special-purpose houses such as nurseries, wards, sanatoriums and hotels.

early stage

Primitive humans lived in caves or trees to avoid cold and summer storms, as well as insects, snakes and wild animals. This is the so-called "cave dwelling" and "building a nest on a tree". After continuous evolution, the ancients began to build houses. According to archaeological excavations.

Tortuous ancient times

With the development of human culture and technology, people began to build houses according to pre-designed schemes. As a result, wooden houses and stone houses carved and scientifically spliced by people, as well as various forms of houses built of wood, stone and soil, appeared in large numbers until they developed into large-scale palace buildings and temple buildings.

Due to the differences in history, culture or customs, people of different nationalities have created different types of houses. Archaeological excavations have proved that the earliest houses in China were built in the Neolithic Age about six or seven thousand years ago. There were mainly two kinds of houses at that time. One is the northern architectural model represented by the Xi Banpo site in Shaanxi-semi-cellar houses and underground houses; The semi-crypt house is round, with deep and shallow caves, and the pit wall is used as the wall base or wall.

Cover the pit with a roof, and wipe the grass and soil on it; Some walls and rooms are also supported by wooden columns. One is the pillar architecture, which is the architectural model of the Yangtze River basin and the southern region represented by Hemudu site in Yuyao, Zhejiang Province. Generally, wooden stakes or bamboo piles are erected above the ground to form an underframe, on which there are suspended floors supported by large and small beams, and houses are built with bamboo and thatch. People live above the main column building and livestock are raised below.

Great modernity

Great changes have taken place in the essence of modern housing. People no longer rely solely on natural materials, but use artificial materials such as reinforced concrete and pay more attention to the decoration inside and outside the house. For example, the walls are inlaid with tiles and even coated with gold powder, which makes the houses resplendent and dazzling. These buildings, both in structure and appearance, far exceed the ancient houses.

Beautiful modern

China people have strong and traditional family values. Modern residence is not only the residence where people live and work, but also the place where human beings develop modern civilization such as production, scientific research and artistic creation.