On the Development of Eight-hundred-word Composition in China's Classical Poetry

Poetry has a long history in China, stretching for thousands of years, and has made brilliant achievements. As early as the Western Zhou Dynasty to the Spring and Autumn Period, China's poems had produced a large number of brilliant chapters, which was marked by the appearance of the Book of Songs, China's first poetry collection. There are 305 poems in The Book of Songs, which are divided into three parts: wind, elegance and ode, all of which can be sung by music. Most of the chapters in The Book of Songs have a distinct sense of the times and people's nature. They make good use of fu, bi and xing. The sentence pattern is mainly composed of four words, and the sentences are repeated in many chapters, which laid a profound humanistic foundation and artistic foundation for later literary creation.

At the end of the Warring States period, a new poetic style with unique Chu culture style-Chu Ci was formed in the southern State of Chu. The sentence patterns of Chu Ci vary in length, with six words and seven words as the main ones, and the word "Xi" is often used. Qu Yuan, the founder and main author of Chu Ci, created immortal poems such as Li Sao, Nine Songs and Nine Chapters in this way, becoming the first great poet in the history of China literature. Li Sao, his masterpiece, is the most magnificent lyric poem in the history of China ancient literature. Qu Yuan was followed by Song Yu, Le Tang, Jing Ke and other Chu Ci writers. The appearance of Chu Ci marks the higher stage of China's poetry from the folk collective singing and development to the poet's independent creation. The Book of Songs and Songs of the South are the two sources of poetry development in later generations, and they are also called "coquettish" in literary history. * * * * jointly created the excellent tradition of the harmonious development of realism and romanticism in China's ancient poems, and set an example for future generations.

In the early Han Dynasty, literati poetry was relatively lonely, and folk Yuefu was quite active. "Yuefu" originally refers to national music institutions, and later generations also refer to the songs collected and edited by Yuefu that can be performed by music as "Yuefu". Folk songs of Han Yuefu are the essence of Han Yuefu. Folk songs in Han Yuefu inherited the realistic tradition of folk songs in The Book of Songs, that is, "Hungry people sing about their food, while laborers sing about their things", which is easy to understand, has a long narrative and is full of life flavor. The sentence pattern is mainly composed of five words, which reflects the new development of poetry art. "Shang Mo Sang" and "Peacock Flying Southeast" are the best works of folk songs in Han Yuefu, and they are also representative works of narrative poems. Peacock Flying Southeast is the first narrative poem with a high degree of ideological and artistic unity in the history of China's poetry. 353 sentences, with the word 1765, are called "the saint of long poems" and "the first long poem in ancient and modern times". Under the influence of Han Yuefu, literati's five-character poems gradually developed and matured, marked by Nineteen Ancient Poems, which appeared in the late Eastern Han Dynasty. This is a group of lyric short poems written by poor literati. They are sentimental, short and affectionate, euphemistic and implicit, concise and concise, and are known as "in a word, the crown of five words".

At the end of Han Dynasty, Wei and Jin Dynasties, literature entered the era of consciousness. During the Jian 'an period, "the world was divided, the wind declined and the people complained", but the literati poetry showed a great development trend of "five words surging in the wind", with Cao and his son and RoyceWong and other "seven sons of Jian 'an" as the center, forming a group of people. Most of their poems reflect the turmoil of the times and the sufferings of the people, express their personal ideals and ambitions, and have the style of "generosity" and "deep ambition", which is praised as "Jian 'an style" by later generations. The most outstanding achievements in Jian 'an poetry are Cao Zhi and RoyceWong. At the turn of Wei and Jin Dynasties, social customs changed. The Seven Sages of Bamboo Forest are the representative poets in Zhengshi period, among which Ruan Ji and Ji Kang are the most famous and have the highest achievements. Ruan Ji's Eighty-two Poems about Huai is the first large-scale five-character poem with personal lyrical color in China, and Ji Kang has opened up a new realm of four-character poems. During the reign of Taikang in the Western Jin Dynasty, the poetry circle was known as "three lands and two lefties". Works by Lu Ji, Zhang Xie and Pan Yue. Pursuing beautiful words and creating the style of carving and piling up China's poems; Zuo Si is unique and inherits the literary tradition of Jian 'an. His eight poems about history express his feelings with high emotional tone and vigorous brushwork, and he is known as the "wind of Zuo Si". Metaphysical poetry in the Eastern Jin Dynasty flooded for a while, and it was not until the appearance of Tao Yuanming at the end of the Eastern Jin Dynasty that the poetic world suddenly added luster. Shi Tao's poems are mostly rural life, and their style is naturally faded. They are "qualitative and practical, rich and practical" (Su Shi's language), which has a direct impact on the pastoral poetry school in Tang Dynasty.

During the Southern and Northern Dynasties, the representative poets in the South were Xie Lingyun, Xie and Bao Zhao. Xie Lingyun created landscape poems and realized the transformation from metaphysical poems to landscape poems. Influenced by it, Xie and Xie Lingyun are called "big and small thanks" when describing landscapes. Bao Zhao is good at expressing cynicism with the ancient seven-character style, and his style is elegant and bold, paving the way for the development of seven-character songs in Tang Dynasty. The most accomplished poet in the north is Yu Xin, who goes from south to north. He wrote homesickness with vigorous and powerful pen, integrated the poetic style of the North and the South, and became a master of poetry in the Six Dynasties. The reflection of Yuefu folk songs in the Southern and Northern Dynasties before and after Yuefu in the Han Dynasty. Folk songs in the Southern Dynasties are graceful and euphemistic, and the masterpiece is Xizhou Song. The folk songs of the Northern Dynasties are rough and bold, and the masterpiece is Mulan Poetry.

The Tang Dynasty is the golden age in the history of China's poetry, with complete poetic style, various schools, famous artists and outstanding achievements. "Four outstanding poets in the early Tang Dynasty" (Wang Bo, Yang Jiong and Lu) and later inherited the poetic style of Han and Wei Dynasties, vigorously swept away the decadent poetic style of Qi Liang Palace and sang fresh and healthy songs, paving the way for the development of Tang poetry. During the prosperous Tang Dynasty, two schools of poetry first appeared: one was the school of pastoral poetry represented by Wang Wei and Meng Haoran, which expressed leisurely and carefree feelings in a fresh and natural style; Second, frontier poets, represented by Gao Shi, Cen Can and Wang Changling, wrote more about frontier scenery and military life, either generously and tragically or magnificently. So Li Bai and Du Fu were born, known as the "Gemini" in the history of China's poetry. Li Bai, the "Poet Fairy", inherited and carried forward the romantic tradition of China's poems, praised the great rivers and mountains of the motherland, and showed the contradiction between ideal and reality. His emotions are like fire, and his style is bold and elegant. Du Fu, a poet sage, inherited and developed the traditional spirit of realism. His poems widely and profoundly reflect the era of prosperity and decline in the Tang Dynasty, and are known as "the history of poetry", with deep feelings and gloomy style. Li and Du became poets of Zebei University with their unique styles and great achievements. After the Anshi Rebellion, the Tang poetry experienced a short transition, and the second prosperity appeared in the middle Tang Dynasty. Represented by Bai Juyi and Yuan Zhen, the New Yuefu Movement was launched. They advocated that "articles should be written in time, and songs and poems should be written in time", and created allegorical poems such as New Yuefu and Qin Zhongyin, criticizing the disadvantages of the times.