Treatment of renal pelvis and ureteral cancer

To date, the standard treatment for patients with urothelial carcinoma of the renal pelvis or ureter is still surgical, with the scope of resection including the entire length of the affected kidney + ureter + part of the bladder around the opening of the ureter. However, for patients with anatomical (congenitally isolated kidney) or functional (contralateral kidney without function) isolated kidney or both kidneys with concurrent pelvic or ureteral urothelial carcinoma, if the tumor biopsy pathological examination confirms that the cancer cells belong to the low-stage low-grade, and the lesions are limited, surgery with kidney preservation can be considered, such as endoscopic electrocautery, endoscopic resection, partial ureteral resection. Systemic chemotherapy can be considered for patients with advanced pelvic or ureteral urothelial carcinoma who cannot undergo surgery, and the commonly used chemotherapy regimens include methotrexate, vincristine, doxorubicin and cisplatin (M-VAC) and gemcitabine/cisplatin (GC) regimen is one of the standard treatment options. Other regimens include carboplatin/paclitaxel, docetaxel/cisplatin and interferon alpha/5-fluorouracil/cisplatin regimens.