Negative influence of tourism activities on geographical environment

The emergence and development of tourism culture can not be separated from the influence of the environment all the time, and tourism culture also affects the environment all the time. The negative effects and influences of the development of tourism culture on the environment are increasingly apparent, which has aroused people's general concern. In recent years, the negative impact of tourism cultural activities on the environment has attracted much attention, and many scholars at home and abroad have made relevant research on it. Here are eight negative impacts summarized by IUCN, as follows: (1) Impact on the surface and soil. With the development of tourism activities in various natural areas, the development of tourism facilities is increasing day by day, and many complete ecological areas are gradually divided into islands, which makes the ecological environment face unprecedented artificial transformation, such as surface paving, vegetation renewal, introduction of exotic species and so on. Both land and water surface may be affected by tourism activities, and different surface coverings, such as rocky coasts, beaches, wetlands, swamps, natural caves and soil, may be affected by different types of tourism, especially the organic layer of soil on which surface plants depend. Such as camping, picnicking and walking, will cause serious human disturbance to the soil. Once the soil is impacted, its physical structure, chemical composition and biological factors will change, which will eventually affect the species and growth of plants on the soil, and insects and animals will also migrate or decrease. (2) Impact on Plants The impact of human tourism activities on surface vegetation and plants can be divided into two categories: direct impact and indirect impact. The direct effects include clearing, trampling, burning, collecting as campfire materials and harming aquatic plants. Indirect effects include the introduction of exotic species, nutrient pollution, automobile exhaust, soil erosion and other issues, which will indirectly affect the growth and health of plants. 1. Large-scale removal is the most direct damage to plants caused by human tourism activities. For example, in order to build hotels, parking lots or other tourist facilities, it is undoubtedly an act of destroying the plant family to clear the surface vegetation on a large scale and even move other soil from other places to meet the engineering requirements. 2. Among the effects of tourists' trampling on plants, tourists' trampling is the most common form. As soon as tourists set foot on parks or green spaces, their feet may put pressure on plants. After tourists visit natural scenic spots, it is bound to change the plant population, even if it is lightly used, it will sometimes cause great changes. Tourists trampling on plants will cause a series of related reactions. If it will affect the germination of plant seeds, because the soil is trampled, the seedlings cannot grow smoothly; For the grown plants, their physiology and morphology may be changed by trampling; Unreasonable pavement planning and design may also affect the growth of endangered plant species; The vehicles that tourists ride often leave car marks, which will change the composition of plants. 3. Collecting is also harmful to plants. The most common collection motivation of tourists is to pick a beautiful flower, or taste the fruit, or bring some plants home to plant. In addition, many tourists are fascinated by the magical effects of plants and pick them as soon as they see them in the wild, which makes the natural population of many medicinal plants less and less. In addition, due to the carelessness or poor management of tourists, forest fires may lead to a decline in vegetation coverage; Cutting down trees, bamboo sheds, bamboo houses and firewood at will destroyed some young trees and changed the age structure of trees; The accumulation of a large amount of garbage will lead to the change of soil nutrition, and also cause the blockage of air and light, and destroy the ecosystem. (III) Impact on Animals The development of tourist areas may destroy the habitats or shelters of wild animals. After tourists arrive at the tourist area, both the tourism activities themselves and the noise made by tourists will interfere with the life and reproduction of wild animals. Moreover, ordinary tourists always like to "eat and take away", love to eat all kinds of delicacies, and prefer to collect all kinds of wild animal products to show their domineering, so the lives of wild animals are threatened. 1. Interfering with tourists engaged in outdoor tourism activities will inevitably cause interference to animals living in them, especially sensitive birds and mammals. For example, the elephant valley in Xishuangbanna, due to the entry of large-scale tourists, has affected the life law of wild elephants, so that wild elephants that often haunt virgin forest streams are now only occasionally active here; Tourists engaged in water activities may also pose a threat to waterfowl populations, making them unable to hatch eggs normally, resulting in temperature loss. Swan or waterfowl may also hurt the fisherman's hook or eat a small piece of lead for fishing and die. The noise generated by tourists using various tourist facilities is also one of the main influencing factors, such as hand-held stereos, jet skis and motorboats, which have a great impact on animals. At the same time, all kinds of ships on the water surface may also produce oil pollution, thus affecting the survival of aquatic organisms. In addition, the activities of tourists on the beach will also affect the growth of animals, such as the spawning behavior of turtles. 2. Eat wild animals. The impact of tourism activities on wild animals, among which tourists' consumption behavior on wild animals is the most serious. China tourists not only eat seafood, but also love delicious food. As long as there is no poison, all kinds of rare birds and animals may become the targets of tourists, leading to the decline or even extinction of these ethnic groups. In addition to eating, tourists also like to buy related products of wild animals, such as animal fur, ivory and so on; In the past, there were all kinds of shellfish in many sea areas, but after being eaten in large quantities and made into various souvenirs, the number of shellfish dropped sharply. reference/tspd/2007 10/3627 . html