South Korea's small and medium-sized apartment design for reference?

1. Brief introduction of collective housing in Korea 1. 1 Geography and people's feelings South Korea has a small land area of about 99,700 km2, with mountainous areas and a temperate monsoon climate. South Korea is a country with private ownership of land, so it is difficult to carry out large-scale overall planning and contiguous development, with a per capita living area of 6.9 square meters (about 22.77m2). Therefore, as early as the 1960s, Korean architects began to explore the combination of small-area housing and refined design, and paid attention to the road of maintenance and renovation, which is undoubtedly an important step for South Korea, where land resources are increasingly tense. Korea is a single nation, and Buddhism is one of the main religious beliefs of Koreans. Architects pay attention to the harmony and unity of people, architecture and nature, and their simplicity and practicality and great respect for nature constitute their important architectural culture. In addition to Buddhism, China's philosophy of Yin and Yang, Heaven and Earth, Five Elements, Feng Shui, Taoism and Confucianism also has a far-reaching influence on Korean residential buildings. There are no restrictions on family planning in Korea, and the average family usually has 2-3 children. Most elderly people choose to live with their eldest son or live alone, and traditional it runs in the family still occupies a certain proportion. In addition, the average family will hire a nanny to help with the housework, while married women choose whether to go out to work according to the family's economic situation. Because of the large family population, there is not only a great demand for the living space of the house, but also strict requirements for the functional division of the house. I hope to realize the separation of static and dynamic, housework and sleep rest, master area and children area. 1.2 General situation of collective housing in Korea 1.2. 1 Basic development mode Most collective housing in Korea is middle and high-rise, with small sunshine interval, and the overall characteristics show high density of middle and high-rise buildings (Figure 1). Most ordinary houses are about 15 floors, and the height is generally about 2.8m The elevators are set above 3 floors. Different floors have different degrees of popularity. For example, Koreans pay attention to broad vision and good lighting, so the 8- 10 floor is called the royal floor, with the highest price. Since Koreans think 7 is a lucky number, the 7th floor is also very popular. Figure 1 General Plan of Collective Residential Areas in Korea 1.2.2 The basic form of residential buildings in Korea mostly adopts shear wall structure, and the common form of residential buildings is plate building with one staircase and two households. The width of the suite is usually large, but the depth is relatively small. Generally speaking, Korean-style houses have simple appearance and small building thickness. In order to get good ventilation and sunshine, the planning of residential areas in South Korea often adopts the north-south direction. However, considering the need of saving land, the east-west enclosed residence is gradually accepted by the market. There are few changes in the elevation of Korean-style residential units, and there are long closed balconies in front and behind each household as the transition space between indoor and outdoor, so there are fewer opportunities to change the elevation with windows and holes of different sizes. The exterior walls of houses are mostly painted in light colors, and the overall image is simple and simple (Figure 2). Fig. 2 The elevation of Korean collective housing is 1.2.3. South Korea's small and medium-sized collective housing is mainly 2-3 rooms. Because of the importance of space comfort, most planes are flat and wide. Usually, the living room and dining room, as the main activity space of the family, are often located in the middle of the suite. The master bedroom and the second bedroom are arranged on both sides of the living room, while the kitchen and dining room are connected together, close to the service balcony on the north side. Due to the cold climate in Korea, the layout of the master bedroom, living room and second bedroom facing south is very convenient for lighting in the south, and the long enclosed balconies on the north and south sides of the suite can strengthen thermal insulation. Another obvious feature of Xing Tao in Korea is its wide area and small depth. The width of the living room is usually 3.6m-5. 1m, the width of the master bedroom is usually 3.6m-4.8m, the width of the second bedroom is usually 3.0m-3.6m, and the total width of the three rooms facing south can reach 10m or more. Compared with the surface width, the depth of the sleeve is small, and there is generally only binary space in the longitudinal direction. The bedroom is square with a depth of 3.0m-4.2m (Figure 3). Fig. 3 Typical plane 2 of three bedrooms in Korea. Spatial characteristics and reference of small and medium-sized apartments in South Korea 2. 1 The entrance form in South Korea is similar to that in Japan, and the floor of the entrance area is generally 6 cm- 10 cm different from other rooms, which clearly defines the position of changing shoes and realizes clean and dirty zoning. And the entrance plane is mostly L-shaped, that is, there is a turning point after entering the door. On the one hand, this transitional space plays a role in protecting the privacy of the house, guiding the direction for visitors and buffering the line of sight, and at the same time, it also creates an effect on the spot. The entrance is endowed with humanized design, which improves the detail quality of the house. This winding and secluded design also reflects South Korea's respect for etiquette and implicit living culture (Figure 3). In recent years, the porch is different from the traditional residential buildings in China in shape, and it has been paid more and more attention in ordinary residential buildings in China. Indeed, from the design point of view, the porch enriches the layering of the interior space of the house and improves the decorative effect of the room. You can see the overall design style from the porch; From a practical point of view, the porch provides a suitable space for changing shoes, clothes, dust removal and other life behaviors, and is a sign of improving people's living standards. At the same time, the storage function of the porch is also very prominent. Shoes, hats, coats, umbrellas, sporting goods and fitness equipment for outdoor activities are arranged in order because of this small square space. In Korean collective housing, the design of porch space has always been thoughtful and meticulous, which can be described as both practical and decorative. With the refinement of life demand, China's porch design will also develop in this direction. 2.2 Practical living room In Korean-style houses, the east and west sides of the living room are adjacent to the master bedroom and the second bedroom, and the north side is adjacent to the kitchen and dining room, or separated by doors, thus forming a relatively independent space. South Korea's living room function is more formal, generally there are coffee tables, sofas, TV cabinets as meeting space and family public activity space. Because the living room is not very deep, in order to expand the living room area and sense of space, the owners often open the door of life balcony, which is closed on the south side of the house, and connect it with the living room. In contrast, the living room in South Korea pays attention to practicality, while in the living room design in China, there is often a grandiose tendency to blindly pursue large width and depth for style, which not only wastes valuable land resources and limited living space, but also brings heavy economic burden to property buyers, and will lead to insufficient lighting and poor ventilation in the middle of the living room. The living room with a large width may also cause the TV to be too far away from the sofa, causing inconvenience to residents and other details, and damaging the function of the living room. 2.3 Division of Master Bedroom and Secondary Bedroom Korean houses are used to dividing the master bedroom and secondary bedroom into their own systems, which is conducive to reducing mutual interference between family members. The second bedroom area is usually close to the lobby and can be used as a room for children and the elderly; The master bedroom is close to the inside and is self-contained for the head of household to live in. Korean-style houses attach importance to the master bedroom space, and the master bedroom area of three bedrooms is mostly composed of master bedroom, master bedroom bathroom and an additional space. The functional spaces of the master bedroom are interrelated, forming a cloister-style gyratory space combination. Among them, the extra space can be used as a private space for couples to be alone or put furniture such as TV, stereo and desk, making it a small living room or study (as shown in Figure 4). Fig. 4 Layout form of separation of master bedroom and secondary bedroom in Korean collective housing In modern houses in Korea, the comfort of bedroom space is paid more and more attention by residents. In our country, there is a problem that the location of the master bedroom and the second bedroom is too close, which leads to the poor privacy of the master bedroom. From this point of view, the self-contained design method of Korean residential master bedroom area is worth learning. In this way, not only the master bedroom has complete facilities and strong privacy, but also the internal activities are less disturbed, and the whole residential space is optimized. 2.4 The cooking habits of frying, frying and frying in Korean family diet are less than those in China, so the kitchen spaces are often directly adjacent to each other and combined into DK style, separated from the living room north and south, and sometimes separated by sliding doors. On the one hand, the semi-open kitchen is connected with the dining room and dining table to facilitate the transportation of food and articles; On the other hand, it is close to the living room, creating an open communication space, which is convenient for housewives to take care of family activities in the living room while cooking, thus realizing the living room of the kitchen. This arrangement not only ensures the relative independence in use, but also expands the effective use area, making the space visually integrated (Figure 5). Some residents still choose to divide the kitchen into two rooms, inside and outside, to prevent oil fume. The outer room is closed by the door adjacent to the service balcony on the north side, which is relatively independent. It is used as a cooking room, with less oil smoke in the inner room, and is integrated with the restaurant. China can also learn the advantages of Korean design when making small and medium-sized kitchen space, so as to improve the utilization rate of space and increase the permeability of space. However, it should be noted that the cooking process of Chinese food often contains a lot of oil smoke, so we can't blindly copy the Korean model. We should design a suitable kitchen form according to the residents' eating habits. For example, households who like frying, frying and frying food can choose to design internal and external kitchens, complete basic operations such as frying, frying and frying in the internal kitchen, place kitchen utensils such as refrigerators, microwave ovens and rice cookers in the external kitchen, and adopt mechanical ventilation. Figure 5 DK kitchen 2.5 storage classification in Korean houses, storage space is an important part of the house. From the storage cabinets in the entrance, the cloakroom in the master bedroom and the wardrobe in the second bedroom to the storage cabinets in the service balcony. All belong to storage space. In a small residential area, the proportion of storage space is not low, which is of great significance to ensure the cleanliness of the room and the orderly placement of daily necessities. Storage space has not been paid attention to in the previous household design in China. At first, there was basically no storage space at home. Later, the storage space such as wall cabinets and hanging cabinets was gradually increased. It was not until recent years that storage rooms and cloakrooms officially appeared. In fact, storage space is very necessary for modern home life. Young households need to store a lot of their own clothes, middle-aged households need to store their own and their children's daily necessities separately, and old households need space to put a lot of things they don't want to throw away. Through investigation, we found that families with insufficient storage space often have to use balconies, study rooms and even second bedrooms for storage, which leads to messy rooms. Therefore, in the future, it is necessary to appropriately increase the proportion of storage space and pay attention to subdividing the stored objects, which is also one of the development directions of deepening the design and fine decoration of residential units in China. 2.6 The bathroom is divided into Korean-style bathrooms, paying attention to practicality. In a three-bedroom house, the bathroom is often divided into two spaces: the main bathroom and the secondary bathroom according to the function. What is more distinctive is that Koreans generally have a bathtub in the second bathroom and a shower in the main bathroom. The reason is that Koreans have the habit of taking a bath and the bathtub utilization rate is high. If the bathtub is set in the master bedroom, other people in the family (such as the elderly and children) have to walk through the master bedroom to reach the master bedroom, which increases the interference of space and affects the privacy of the master bedroom. The bathtub is placed in the second bathroom, which is convenient for everyone to use, thus effectively avoiding the above problems and making the space planning more reasonable. Koreans pay attention to the humanization of detail design, and will put the toilet on the wall to facilitate the installation of handrails on the wall, which is conducive to the elderly sitting at home.

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