What weapons did the Mongols use to sweep across Asia and Europe during the Yuan Dynasty?

During the Yuan Dynasty, the Mongolian cavalry swept across the Eurasian continent

The reason why the Mongolian cavalry was invincible was not by swords and guns, but by bows and arrows. The Mongols had the longest range and largest combined bow at that time.

This weapon usually consists of an animal sinew on the back, a layer of horny material on the belly of the bow and a piece of wood in the middle.

It is composed of a wooden frame. The pulling force of this bow is between 50 kilograms and 75 kilograms, and it is very short so that the cavalry can use it freely.

The killing range of the arrows it shoots. It can reach 300 meters. If the arrow is equipped with a sharp metal arrow, it can penetrate the thickest armor? ?

), combined with the mobility of the Mongolian cavalry, allowed the Mongols to travel across Europe and Asia. No one can stop it. The Mongols were extremely good at what the ancient Romans called the "Parthian Archery Method", in which the mounted archers shoot arrows at the enemies in the rear while escaping. (Mongolians call this method of warfare "Mangu evil"). The essence of this tactic lies in firstly attacking the enemy from a long distance, secondly attacking the enemy continuously?

and thirdly not giving the enemy a chance to fight back. No matter how strong the enemy's spirit and armor are under this kind of attack, it is only a matter of time before they completely collapse. At that time, most European knights were equipped with heavy helmets and armor. Although they were very powerful in close combat, their maneuverability was not comparable to that of the Mongolian cavalry.

If you encounter a Mongolian cavalry archer, you will not only be unable to catch up, but you will also be unable to escape. You will only be a target.

Moreover, the Mongolian cavalry did not rely entirely on force attacks like the European knights. They could only engage in hand-to-hand combat with the enemy after first killing most of them with bows and arrows.

In April 1241, the Mongolian cavalry relied on this method of warfare to defeat the most elite 100,000 Hungarian army in Europe (led by King Béla IV of Hungary) on the banks of the Danube River, killing more than 70,000 enemies. He played a song "Red Danube" with bows and arrows, almost completely wiping out the resistance in Europe. If Wokuotai's untimely death had not occurred, the yellow race would have unified the entire Eurasian continent as early as 800 years ago.

The Mongolian cavalry archers are enough to make them invincible in field battles, and when facing a solid city wall, the Mongols have another weapon for attacking the city:

The "imported" giant cannons from the Western Regions, in the face of the giant projectiles thrown by this super-large trebuchet, no matter how strong the city wall is, it is no different from paper. Historical records record that this kind of giant cannon "fired so powerfully that the sound shook the heaven and the earth, and all its hits were destroyed, sinking seven feet into the ground." The Mongols relied on it to conquer and attack for several years in 1273 AD. The invincible Xiangyang City at that time?

The Mongolian trebuchets only had a range of 100 meters, and the moat of Xiangyang City alone was 150 meters wide. Later, the Mongols invited them from Persia?

< p>Several craftsmen improved the trebuchet. The improved trebuchet has a range of about 180-200 meters, so the Mongols also called this gun "Xiangyang Cannon" and "Huihui Cannon" ". However, in the 12th century, only the Mongols in the world applied the Huihui artillery on the battlefield on a large scale.

The Mongols conquered the south and north, winning almost every battle. In addition to cavalry, having huge cannons was also an important factor.

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