Answers to 2008 Deng Xiaoping Theory and Three Represents Important Ideas Introduction to Formation Assessment Book Assignment 2.3.4

China is the world's textile production base, and knitwear as an important family of textiles, whether to meet the needs of the domestic people's clothing, or stride into the world to enter the consumer market in various countries, have played an irreplaceable role. However, we should see that the world of textiles in the high-tech promotion, its technical content has been incomparable, knitted products have also made great progress, but our country's production of needle textiles and the world's advanced level compared to still have a lot of space to rise, especially knitting dyeing and finishing is more backward. The meaning of knitting dyeing and finishing elaborated by the author is not only limited to mechanical equipment, dyeing and chemical material additives and processing means, but also should include the working concept, technical software and so on. Standing in the height of the world's demand for knitted products, understanding and mastering the international knitting dyeing and finishing development trends, looking forward to the development of China's knitting dyeing and finishing trends, can undoubtedly help us to a large extent to clarify the development of the national knitting dyeing and finishing industry direction and ideas. Then, how to make a correct judgment on the development trend of China's knitting dyeing and finishing, based on what, based on what, the author believes that the main basis for three aspects of the actual judgment. 1, domestic and foreign consumers of knitted products (mainly clothing, including decorations, etc.) of the psychological and physiological needs. In the world to advocate nature, the pursuit of health, the desire for green consumer wave, new types of knitted products of all kinds of characteristics of people to improve the quality of life of a hope. 2, woven printing and dyeing (color, woolen) industry development led to the development of knitting dyeing and finishing, and dyeing and finishing of new technologies, new ideas, new concepts from the general textile printing and dyeing industry to the knitted goods dyeing and finishing industry gradient transfer time has been greatly shortened, accelerated the knitting dyeing and finishing of the assimilation of the two industries between the solid boundaries are weakening and fuzzy. 3, the domestic knitting dyeing and finishing industry practitioners have gradually cast their eyes on the world, tracking the world textile development; universities and colleges as well as scientific research institutions ahead of the research, but also heralded the trend of advanced technology development. Accordingly, the author believes that in the next long period of time, China's knitting dyeing and finishing industry development tendency is mainly concentrated in the new material fibers, ecological and environmental protection, energy saving, functional finishing and electronic computer applications and other five aspects. And around these aspects, from hardware to software will have a new larger enhancement, all kinds of new technology, new technology, new equipment, new dyeing and chemical materials and auxiliaries, new means of control, the use of new quality standards, is bound to show us the bright prospects for the development of knitting dyeing and finishing. First, new knitting materials (fibers) in the rapid development of science and technology and consumer quality of life continues to improve the dual role of the catalyst, a variety of new knitting materials (fibers), such as the emergence of endless, on the one hand, to the knitting dyeing and finishing process to create an infinite world, on the other hand, also to the knitting dyeing and finishing put forward new issues and even challenges. We understand the new knitting materials, can freely and actively grasp the knitted products processing opportunities and the true meaning. In a sense, the new textile fiber will dominate the development direction of knitting dyeing and finishing. We can roughly new knitting materials (fibers) is divided into four categories: green fiber, high-tech materials fiber, health care functional material fiber and new synthetic fiber. 1, green and environmentally friendly fibers. (1) Lyoceell fiber; (2) crustacean fibers; (3) polylactic acid fiber PAL; (4) natural color cotton; (5) hemp fiber; (6) modal fiber; 2, high-tech materials (fibers). (1) carbon fiber; (2) aramid fibers; (3) flame retardant fibers; (4) photosensitive fibers; (5) conductive fibers; (6) moisture-absorbent and breathable fibers; (7) nanomaterials; (8) milk silk. 3, health maintenance and construction of functional materials (fibers) (1) permanent antibacterial fibers; (2) aromatic fibers; (3) far-infrared fibers; (4) anti-ultraviolet fibers; (5) soy protein fibers. 4, new synthetic fibers. (1) coolmax fibers; (2) CDP modified polyester fibers; (3) PTT fibers; (4) microfiber. At present and for some time to come, we should pay special attention to the new needle textile materials (fibers) dyeing and finishing research, to achieve reductiveness and creativity of the two unity, that is, through the dyeing and finishing process, the maximum possible to maintain the new textile materials (fabrics) of the original appearance and characteristics (which can be referred to as reductiveness), but also to give the new features and functions (which can be referred to as creativity). According to China's needle textile materials (fibers) industry and the situation of the industry, focus on the development of soy protein fibers, crustacean fibers, natural color cotton, modal fibers and new synthetic fibers of knitted fabrics will be the opportunity to converge with the international advanced level. Second, ecological and environmental protection processing, ecological and environmental protection and the embodiment of knitted products, knitting, dyeing and finishing requirements, both on behalf of the global consumption and production trends, but also focused on the developed countries (such as Europe, the United States, Canada and other countries with the greatest demand for knitted products in China) in the wake of China's accession to the WTO, the use of green barriers to restrict imports of the means. Therefore, eco-friendly processing will be one of the most effective ways to cope with the green barriers and expand the international market share, and it is also one of the biggest problems for China's knitting dyeing and finishing production to go to the international market, and it will also be an important work for which all the colleagues in the industry will devote their energy and efforts for quite a long period of time. Eco-friendly processing mainly from the concept of ecological knitwear, which has four levels of meaning: ① knitwear raw materials (fibers) production (planting) is ecologically friendly, has not been subjected to pesticides, fertilizers, herbicides and other chemical pollution, but also not subject to serious atmospheric pollution, soil pollution and other interferences, or the production process does not cause environmental pollution; ② knitwear production process is ecologically friendly, to minimize dyes and auxiliaries, as well as energy, soil pollution, and so on, and so on. As far as possible to reduce dyes and auxiliaries, as well as energy, water consumption, to maximize the limitation of sewage discharge, fabrics (fabrics, clothing) does not contain harmful and toxic substances, and promote "clean production". The content of harmful substances in knitted products is extremely low, and is harmless and non-irritating to consumers. As knitted products than the general textiles more contact with the human skin, so the ecological and environmental protection requirements are higher; ④ knitted products waste disposal to comply with environmental protection, that is, after the use of knitted fabric recycling, recycling, or the use of new fibers for the survival of the environment to do the textile raw materials. At present, we have to pay special attention to the ecological and environmental protection processing is mainly 2, 3 points of work. From the international aspect, do a good job of eco-friendly work is also focused on the production process ecological standards and product ecological standards to grasp and operate. Firstly, the ecological requirements compatible with the production process of knitting dyeing and finishing are the independent evaluation standards promulgated by the Environmental Management Technical Committee of the International Standards Organization (ISO), i.e. ISO14000, which firstly requires the enterprises to set up and maintain an environmental management system that meets the requirements, and requires the implementation of the environmental management system from the development of the products, design, processing, circulation and use, and then the end-of-life treatment and then recycling of the products. The implementation and validation of ISO14000 standard is still rare in China's knitting dyeing and finishing industry, and there is a big gap between us and the international advanced level. Secondly, it should be seen that the most common and direct way to set up ecological standards for eco-needlework is to set up eco-standards, which is also known as "green labeling" or "eco-labeling". The traditional quality assessment mainly focuses on the appearance quality and physical indexes of needlework. Due to the extensive use of various eco-standards, it is no longer possible to meet the ever-changing consumer demand, policy environment and even the international situation by measuring needlework only by indicators such as place of origin, specifications, composition and manufacturer. Generally speaking, the eco-textile standard mainly points out the limit of harmful substances and dosage in the products from the ecological point of view, and adopts the following evaluation elements: prohibition, limitation, fastness level, main evaluation indexes, etc., and involves formaldehyde, pH value, heavy metals, pesticides, antiseptics, organochlorine, dyeing fastness, carcinogenic aromatic amines, odor, chlorinated phenols, volatile substances, etc., in the specific projects. Most of the contents related to dyeing and finishing. The current international common ecological needle textile standard has ecological textile standard 100 (Oeko-Tex Standard 100). In addition, the European Union Eco-Label will also have an important impact on the export of our knitwear. Recently, the European Union has promulgated a new regulation on the application standard of "Eco-Label" for knitted fabrics, and introduced the new standard of Eco-Label application Regulation No. 2002/371/EC. The regulations on almost all of the needle textile raw materials contain harmful substances limit, needle textile production, transportation, storage process of prohibited raw materials and harmful substances limit, product durability and so on put forward a more stringent requirements for the product in all aspects of the restrictions on the content of a wider range of products far beyond the quality of the product itself indicators. China's eco-needlework production has made certain development, but overall is still in the initial stage, and the gap with the developed countries is obvious, frankly speaking, this is also the bottleneck of the development of knitting dyeing and finishing. Due to the gradual strengthening of global consumer awareness of environmental protection, especially in developed countries in the West, "back to nature" concept is increasingly integrated into the needle textile clothing consumer preferences, more and more people are willing to pay a higher price to buy green goods, eco-needlework prospects are very broad, I believe that with the eco-knitwear continue to improve, emphasizing the harmony between man and nature will eventually become the main theme of the knitting industry. We must fully understand the significance of ecological and environmental protection processing and huge potential, should be sober to see, have "ecological label", not only can adapt to the trend of international consumption, with a broader market space, but also to improve the grade of the product, increase the value-added products for export, to avoid the low level, low-level competition. Third, energy saving in the production process of knitted products, dyeing and finishing is the most energy-consuming, it can be said that the traditional knitting dyeing and finishing is built on the basis of huge energy consumption. The huge consumption of energy, on the one hand, greatly increases the cost of products and prolongs the processing of products, on the other hand, it also causes irreversible waste and serious environmental pollution, especially the latter has become a social issue of concern to all the staff. As early as in the eighties and nineties of the twentieth century, people have realized that knitting dyeing and finishing is accompanied by a large number of energy consumption problems, only limited to the technical level at that time as well as the level of development of the supporting industries, energy saving has not been a breakthrough. Water, electricity, steam and sewage still confuse the industry colleagues. Into this century, the concept of energy saving y rooted in people's hearts, technical theory, technical equipment, technical elements of the continuous change, greatly promoting the development of energy conservation. 1, technical theory: the most important is the application of chemical and biological technology. No alkali refining, liquid ammonia mercerization, as well as known as the development of dyeing and finishing technology of the four major front supercritical fluid dyeing (SFD), digital jet printing, biological enzyme treatment and low-temperature plasma treatment theory and practice, are closely linked with energy saving. 2, technical equipment: the most significant is the continuous reform of the dyeing equipment, and even the current launch of new models of dyeing equipment, the loud signboard is also crowned with "the greatest energy-saving effect". At present, the international advanced knitting dyeing equipment in terms of energy saving there are three major "flow" school: (1) air flow dyeing equipment air flow dyeing machinery and the traditional (overflow, jet) dyeing machine is the main difference between the air flow dyeing machine adopts the air power system to change the knitted fabric conveying form, instead of the traditional dyeing machine relying on the liquid to promote the operation of the knitted fabric and dyeing under the state of atomization exchange. Since there is no liquid circulation in the airflow dyeing machine, it can realize extremely low bath ratio, and this type of machine is most suitable for dyeing knitted fabrics such as microfiber knitted fabrics and chemical fiber simulation class. (2) Fabric-liquid diversion type dyeing equipment This type of dyeing equipment adopts the technology of separating the knitted fabrics from the dyeing liquid in the machine, so that the fabrics are run in the fabric storage tank while the dyeing liquid is circulated rapidly in another level, and only part of the knitted fabrics are immersed in the dyeing liquid. Therefore, it reduces the amount of dyeing liquid, and makes the dyeing bath ratio decrease obviously, usually in 1:5-1:6. Due to the reduction of the amount of dyeing liquid, the exchange of dyeing material between dyeing liquid and knitted fabrics is mainly completed in the nozzle running, and the time is relatively short, so there is some care on the selection of dyeing material. (3) Clear and sewage diversion type dyeing equipment This clear and sewage diversion type dyeing equipment abandons the general practice of achieving energy saving mainly by reducing the bath ratio, and on the basis of appropriately reducing the bath ratio, it designs the special equipment structure of clear and sewage diversion with a brand-new concept, aiming at realizing the diversion of pre-wash water and post-wash sewage in the whole dyeing process to maximally improve the washing effect and shorten the washing time, and thus effectively It reduces the total water consumption, which is the same as other new models in terms of energy saving. 3. Technical elements: The most important technical elements in knitting dyeing and finishing project are the selection of dyeing and chemical auxiliaries, the selection of technology and process, the selection of suitable equipment and its comprehensive optimization. Dyeing and chemical auxiliaries are the most active elements of knitting dyeing and finishing. With the development of modernization, the dyestuffs which are conducive to enhancing the energy-saving efficiency improve the old situation of dyeing with a large amount of water consumption by the "three highs" of high lifting rate, high exhaustion rate and high adherence rate, and the various kinds of auxiliaries with different performances make the processing time, processing temperature and processing pathway undergo a revolutionary change, which greatly promotes the pace of people in energy-saving. The design of process and flow has been fully exerted the biggest, fastest and best function under the cooperation of dyeing and chemical materials and suitable equipments, and "short, fast and good" has become the key point of process design, which brings comprehensive benefits, i.e., it is originated from "energy-saving" and surpasses "energy-saving". With regard to energy-saving work, there are new achievements in other aspects of knitting dyeing and finishing, such as cold bleaching and cold dyeing technology and equipment, heat-setting machine equipment, tension-free dryer equipment and so on. Fourth, functional finishing knitwear functional finishing is the product of the times, and with the development of the times will continue to give new connotations. Functional properties of knitted fabrics in addition to a part of the special fiber materials to obtain, most of them are obtained through the dyeing and finishing after finishing. We can note that the traditional antibacterial, non-iron wrinkle (washable, machine washable), flame retardant, anti-pilling, waterproof, anti-static and other functional treatments whether in the method (means) or in the functional strength have undergone rapid changes. In addition, some finishing methods with high-tech, high-functional characteristics and features have taken shape and will be developed faster. Of particular concern is the functional finishing has developed from a single post-processing to the combination of fiber materials, weaving structure, to create unprecedented new features, the main attributes can be broadly divided into three categories: 1, physical function: electrical conductivity, anti-static, high insulation, electromagnetic shielding, high temperature resistance, thermal insulation, fire retardant, light and ultraviolet resistance, etc.. 2, chemical function: light degradation of energy, deodorization function. 3, biological adaptability function: antibacterial, aromatic, muscle adaptability, bio-absorption, biocompatibility and so on. It can be foreseen that the antimicrobial hygienic finishing of knitted fabrics will be comprehensively developed. The important purpose of this finishing is not only to prevent knitted fabrics from being damaged by microbial staining, but also to protect consumers' health and wearing comfort. Under the banner of "health first", the function of knitted articles (clothing) will evolve from covering the body - aesthetics, to the pursuit of health and cleanliness. At the same time, we should also see that functional knitted products have jumped out of the home textile and apparel type, completely deep into the decoration, medical, environmental protection, agriculture, construction, geology, transportation, packaging, chemical industry, automotive and other fields. Similarly, it can be predicted that the significance of functional finishing of knitted fabrics (garments) will exceed that of dyeing itself, and become the most active part of dyeing and finishing project, and will surely become the focus of dyeing and finishing workers, and a good dyeing and finishing worker should be a competent knitted fabrics finishing expert. Fifth, the application of electronic computers electronic computers in knitting dyeing and finishing (equipment) on the application, the earliest can be traced back to the early eighties of the last century. At that time from Japan, Germany and other advanced countries imported dyeing machine has been assembled to control the temperature, time and into the drainage of the computer program controller, (commonly known as "veneer machine"), it should be said that this is still very advanced in that era of rarities. Nearly twenty years later, computer program control has become the standard configuration of all kinds of dyeing and finishing equipment (especially dyeing machine). Even so, the application of computers in domestic knitting dyeing and finishing (technology, equipment and process) is still in the initial stage, and most of them are still in the level of data collection and segmented use, mainly used in color measurement and color matching. Internationally, the application of electronic computers in knitting dyeing and finishing has been quite successful and mature. The central computer control system makes use of computer network for central control of all dyeing machines to realize modernization and instantization of production management and production process. Advanced electronic computer control is characterized by: (1) single-machine automation to computer networking development, the formation of a complete system of comprehensive data collection, intelligent production management system; (2) the use of a variety of online testing equipment, to ensure product quality; (3) dyeing and finishing process parameters through the computer to identify, show that the operation and management of the convenience, simplicity and improve the reliability of the control; (4) the application of electronic computers also benefit from the mechatronics (4) The application of electronic computer also benefits from the synchronous innovation of electromechanical integration, frequency conversion technology and so on. Combined with China's national conditions, in the current situation is most interested in the color quality control technology of dyeing and finishing production and production (dyes) automatic metering system, which is a set of hardware and software combined with the example of the computer system. The technology and system are designed for the management of color reproduction from qualitative to quantitative, and are mainly composed of a computerized color measurement and color matching system, an automatic liquid dispensing system in the laboratory, a dyestuff metering system, and a color detection system. The whole system can successively complete the functions of color measurement, reference dyestuff prescription, automatic solution configuration, high-precision weighing of dyestuff formula, on-line inspection of color difference of knitted fabrics (fabrics), etc., so as to better realize the whole process control of color. Since the system is superior in terms of unity and compatibility, one can choose one or several of the units as needed to achieve maximum integration in line with the actual situation of the enterprise. With the development of computer technology and people with high-tech transformation of traditional industries to deepen the understanding of the pace of accelerated, increased investment, China's knitting dyeing and finishing production on the dependence of the computer will be further highlighted. The improvement of people's living standards and requirements for consumer goods is endless, the development of science and technology is endless, the development of knitting dyeing and finishing is also endless, to reach the other side of the ideal, in addition to our efforts, or efforts.