Traditional folk art

Traditional folk arts and crafts are the artistic embodiment of the folk customs of public life, while China traditional folk arts and crafts are handed down from China folks, and folk arts and crafts are carriers full of emotions and keepsakes to express affection. So what are the traditional folk arts?

Traditional folk art 1 1 folk embroidery

Folk embroidery, also known as needle embroidery and flower tying, is one of the outstanding national traditional arts in China. It can be divided into Suzhou embroidery, Guangdong embroidery, Xiang embroidery and Shu embroidery. Made of fine needle, hand needle, side needle, embroidery and other methods, applied to clothing, sachets and so on.

Traditional embroidery methods include fine needle, hand needle, side needle and pull embroidery, but more innovative production of needle roller, needle walking, fan needle, net embroidery, silk locking, scraping, poking yarn, taking brocade, laying velvet and so on. And produced Suzhou embroidery, Guangdong embroidery, Xiang embroidery, Shu embroidery, Gu embroidery, Beijing embroidery, Ou embroidery, Min embroidery and other varieties with local characteristics.

2. Chinese paper cutting

Chinese paper-cutting is a folk art of cutting and carving patterns on paper with scissors or carving knives, which is used to decorate life or cooperate with other folk activities. In China, paper-cutting has a broad mass base and is integrated into the social life of people of all ethnic groups. It is an important part of various folk activities.

Although the art of paper-cutting came from the people, it became a national art in the Qing Dynasty, and even the royal family and the country at that time could not do without paper-cutting. The Kunning Palace in the Forbidden City in Beijing is the wedding bridal chamber of the Qing emperor. According to Manchu custom, the window paper of the front and rear windows of the palace is pasted outside.

3. Iron painting

Iron painting refers to a kind of handicraft that is forged and welded into a picture with iron sheet and iron wire, and is usually painted black or brownish red. Iron painting not only has the charm of black and white Chinese painting, but also has the three-dimensional sense of western painting. There are many kinds of iron paintings: figures and stones, mountains and rivers, flowers, birds and insects. In short, any iron painting that can be painted on paper can show its charm.

Up to now, there is a huge iron painting "Welcome Pine" hanging in the Great Hall of the People. Iron painting is one of the unique handicrafts in China. It combines folk paper-cutting, carving, mosaic and other artistic techniques, adopts Chinese painting composition, contrasts black and white, and combines reality with reality, which has a unique taste.

4. Chinese knot

Chinese knot is a unique hand-woven craft in China, and its exquisiteness and wisdom are only one aspect of ancient civilization in China. It was first knotted by sewing clothes in the Paleolithic Age, and then extended to the ritual records of the Han Dynasty, and then evolved into today's decorative techniques.

Chinese knots are not only beautifully shaped and colorful, but also these, such as "not only auspicious and festive", "both longevity and happiness", "double happiness at the door", "good luck and good luck" and "bon voyage", all represent warm and rich good wishes and are excellent works to praise and convey heartfelt prayers and wishes.

5, dough modeling

Dough sculpture, commonly known as flour flower, steamed bread, flower cake and dough mixer, is one of the traditional folk arts in China, which originated in Shandong, Shanxi and Beijing. That is, flour is the main material, mixed into different colors, and various vivid images are created by hand and simple tools.

After long-term exploration by dough sculptors, the present dough sculptures are not moldy, cracked, deformed or faded, so they are deeply loved by tourists and are good souvenirs for friends and relatives. When foreign tourists visit dough figurines, they are all impressed by the artist's skillful skills and various vivid characters, and they call it "the sculpture of China".

Traditional folk art 2 1. Chinese paper cutting

Chinese paper-cutting is a folk art of cutting patterns on paper with scissors or carving knives. It is a national intangible cultural heritage, with a broad mass base and rich cultural life, history and aesthetic information. It occupies an important position in folk activities, among which Shandong paper-cutting, Shanxi paper-cutting and Shaanxi paper-cutting are the representative schools of paper-cutting.

2. New Year pictures

Woodwatermark New Year pictures are a folk art in China, which is a common folk craft developed from ancient door-god paintings. In modern society, they are usually used to decorate the environment during the Spring Festival, and also contain the meaning of auspicious celebration and New Year greetings.

embroidery

Embroidery is a traditional folk handicraft in China, which consists of silk embroidery and feather embroidery, and has a history of more than 3,000 years. It is one of the top ten national quintessence of China. Embroidery materials are punctured and hooked into patterns with various thread materials according to certain colors and patterns. At present, the most common embroidery varieties in China can be divided into four types: Shu embroidery, Yue embroidery, Xiang embroidery and Su embroidery.

4. Pottery making

Ceramic is a kind of handicraft which originated from the Neolithic Age in China. After thousands of years of development, it is famous for its high artistic value. Nowadays, ceramic products have been widely used in the national economy because of their advantages of radiation resistance, high hardness and high temperature corrosion resistance.

5.lanterns

Lantern is a traditional folk handicraft that originated from the traditional Chinese agricultural era, which integrates life function and artistic function. It is a common item in major festivals in China at present. People will use this variety to make exquisite lanterns, pray for peace and add luster to festive days.

6. clay sculpture

Clay sculpture is an ancient traditional folk art, which uses fine clay to shape various figures and animals. It is currently popular in Shaanxi, Jiangsu, Tianjin, Henan and other places in China. This ancient China folk art was also listed in the national intangible cultural heritage list in 2006.

7. woodcut

Wood carving, folk carving technology, is mainly divided into three categories: round carving, root carving and relief. Commonly used wood are ginkgo, rosewood, nanmu, agarwood, mahogany, cypress and camphor, and this carving process was also listed in the national intangible cultural heritage list in 2008.

kite

Kite is a traditional handicraft in China, with a history of more than 2,000 years. It was invented in the Spring and Autumn Period of the Eastern Zhou Dynasty. It has been a popular outdoor activity since the Song Dynasty. The British Museum also called the China kite the fifth invention of China. In many kite activities, you will see many kites that have been integrated into the traditional culture of China, such as for more than one year, carp yue longmen and other varieties.

9. Bamboo weaving

Bamboo weaving is a national intangible cultural heritage with a long history of production. Bamboo weaving technology can be divided into two types: fine silk and coarse silk. It is a weaving process in which silk with a certain thickness is woven together. According to different characteristics, different styles of bamboo woven works are born.

10. Shadow play

This China folk traditional art, which originated in the Western Han Dynasty and prevailed in the Qing Dynasty, has a long history of development. It is one of the top ten traditional handicrafts in Shaanxi, and it is also known as donkey shadow play and lantern shadow play. The silhouette of the characters usually performed is made of animal skin or cardboard, and percussion instruments and stringed instruments with strong local flavor are also used in the performance. According to different voices in different places, different varieties of shadow play have also been formed.

Traditional folk art 3 1, harp

According to documents, Fuxi (2400-2370 BC) invented the lyre. Both lyre and harp are made of sycamore, which has a cavity and strings. The piano started with five strings, and later it was changed to seven strings; Twenty-five strings According to the number of strings, the size of an instrument is larger than that of a piano. The main difference between harp and harp lies in the different occasions of performance. Piano is used to pluck in front of distinguished guests. The guests didn't speak, just watched and listened to the piano.

This is a formal concert occasion. This instrument is used to play background music. Arthur was placed behind the screen, and the guests sat around the console table, chatting and eating while listening to music. This is a social occasion.

Of course, Qin and Qin can play together, with Qin in front of the stage and facing the guests. Arthur is behind the stage. Qin is close to the guest, Qin is far from the guest. Pianist or master, or beauty; The teacher can be an old man. Before the harp begins to play, there is a drum to indicate guidance. The ancient people invented and used lyre and harp in order to dredge the qi of Yin and Yang and purify people's hearts. Therefore, the harp was invented in 2400-2370 BC, in the capital of Fuxi, which is now Huaiyang City, Henan Province.

Step 2 play chess

(1) Go

According to documents, Yao Shun (2205 BC-2 BC110) invented Weiqi. Weiqi was called "Yi" in ancient times, which means "You throw one, I throw one". The name "Go" means "a game of chess in which the victory or defeat is decided by encirclement and anti-encirclement tactics". Weiqi reflects the development history of western Shandong and eastern Henan in the Longshan culture era of the Central Plains.

Weiqi is a simulation of the early history of western Shandong and eastern Henan, a historical memory in the Central Plains culture, and a way to relive the fierce contest of intelligence and strength in the past in the form of entertainment.

According to ancient literature, Yao and Shun invented Weiqi to appease the eldest son and Shang Jun. Because of the abdication system, they could not ascend to the throne and play the national history themselves, so they used Weiqi to simulate the evolution of national history to satisfy their own desires. If Yao Shun lived in the place where Weiqi was born, then this place is Linfen City, Shanxi Province today.

(2) chess

Bo. Liubo chess is an ancient chess game in China. This kind of chess is played by two people, each with six pieces. Among them, one chess piece equivalent to the king is called Xiao, and the other five chess pieces equivalent to the pawn are called San.

Chess is played on a chessboard with a curved track, and the number of moves is determined by throwing hairpins. Liu Boqi, also known as Bo Xi or Lu Bo, appeared before the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period. Liu Boqi's shape and competition method are recorded in "Evocation of the Soul in the Songs of Chu": "There are six books in chess; Cao Cao goes hand in hand, forcing each other; When you become a cockroach, you will seek it and you will be white. " One of the "Six Books" is Liu Boqi.

Liubo chess consists of three instruments: chess pieces, chess sticks and chessboards. The two sides play chess, with six players on each side, namely: owl, Lu, pheasant, calf and stopper (two pieces). Because the military system in the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period was five men, one handsome man and six men. At that time, as a military training, two teams competed, each with 6 people. It can be seen that Liubo chess was a game symbolizing fighting at that time. In the game, he throws six moves and six chess moves, fights wits and wits, attacks and persecutes each other and kills each other.

Liu Boqi is the predecessor of China chess.