Ancient monsters! ! ! !

Gluttony is a fictional mysterious monster. This monster has no body, only a big head and a big mouth. It is very greedy and eats everything it sees. Because it ate too much, it finally choked to death. This is a symbol of greed.

This kind of gluttonous decorative pattern first appeared on the Liangzhu cultural jade in the lower reaches of the Yangtze River 5,000 years ago. There is a cloud in "Lu's Spring and Autumn Annals": "Gluttony has a body. He eats people and is harmful to his health. " Gluttony patterns have existed on the bronzes of Erlitou culture and Xia culture. Take the bridge of the nose as the center line and arrange symmetrically on both sides, usually the lower lip. Gluttony patterns appear on bronzes, especially on ding. There are many types of gluttonous patterns in Shang and Zhou Dynasties, some of which are like dragons, tigers, cows, sheep and deer. Others are birds, phoenixes and people. The name "gluttonous pattern" did not exist in ancient times, but was named by Song people when epigraphy rose. The most perfect gluttonous pattern mask, 2 1.0 cm high, is now in Seattle Library. In the Western Zhou Dynasty, its mystery gradually declined.

Ancient gluttonous culture

1, gluttonous patterns and religious culture

For example, the bronze pattern of the Shang dynasty elephant cover: the height of the device is 17.7 cm, which consists of three parts: the body, the foot and the cover. The cover is decorated with gluttonous patterns, with thin clouds and thunder patterns on the substrate. The belly of a vessel is greedy. Animal patterns have religious significance. There are gluttonous patterns on all kinds of ding in Shang Dynasty. Ding is the most common and mysterious vessel when ancestors offered sacrifices, which has strong religious significance.

For example, the gluttonous bronze wares unearthed in Lijiahe, Pinggu, Beijing (Shang Dynasty) are 27 cm high and 7.5 cm in diameter. The abdomen is decorated with gluttonous patterns, and the upper and lower parts are decorated with sacrificial beads.

2. Gluttony and wine culture

Shuowen is respected as a wine container for offering sacrifices or entertaining guests. Don Li Bai: "The morning traveler Gefeng lives in the village at dusk. The old man in the village saw Yu and opened a statue for Yu. " "Zun" refers to the container for holding wine, which is equivalent to a modern hip flask. 19 12 a bronze statue of Shang dynasty gluttony unearthed in Qianshan county, Anhui province, has been buried underground for more than 3000 years and is still green and beautiful. This statue is 2 1.5cm high, 9.4cm in diameter and 2kg in weight. Trumpet-shaped, high neck, bulging belly and round foot, named after the gluttonous pattern of utensils and jewelry. The gluttonous pattern symbolizes the face of the gluttonous beast in ancient legends. From Shang Dynasty to Western Zhou Dynasty, it was often used as the theme decoration on vessels, and most of them were lined with Yun Leiwen, with many patterns.

Another example is the bronze statue of the bull's head: Shang (BC 1600-BC 1046), with a height of 30.5 cm and a caliber of 28 cm. 1982 unearthed from Xiangyang Hui food factory in Zhengzhou, used as a sacrificial tool for ancestors. Its gluttonous tattoo is a wine vessel that can only be used by five nobles in Shang Dynasty. Jue is a drinking vessel, with a drinking "stream" in front, a cup in the middle, a tail at the back, ears on one side and three feet at the bottom. There is a pillar between the "Liu" and the cup, which not only plays a decorative role, but also can resist the bridge of the nose when drinking to prevent excessive drinking. Jue, gradually disappeared after the early Western Zhou Dynasty.

3. Gluttonous patterns and architectural art.

Gluttony decoration is also commonly used in ancient building materials.

For example, the gluttonous pattern half tile is a waterproof building component of ancient roofs, made of clay. 1957, a half-tile wall was excavated on the west bank of the moat about 700 meters south of Guang 'anmen Bridge, which was identified by archaeologists as a unique roof waterproof part of palace buildings during the Warring States Period. Gluttonous patterns and half tiles provide powerful proof for uncovering the long history and superb architectural art of Beijing's urban construction city. 1972 In Hanjia Hutong, Xuanwu District, two gluttonous tiles and two animal face bricks from the Warring States period were unearthed.

In addition, there are gluttonous tiles in the Warring States period: mostly semi-circular, with generous relief patterns, good farsightedness and obvious overall sense of block.

4, gluttonous grain and furniture decoration:

At present, the gluttonous cicada pattern unearthed is made of bronze, with long and narrow face, upturned ends, slightly concave middle and covered with cicada pattern and gluttonous pattern. We can see the shape and decoration of dining table furniture in later generations from its shape.

5, gluttonous patterns and music:

Shang: The gluttonous pattern with a height of 48.5 cm is now in the Tianjin Museum. This one-piece bronze Rao can only be played on a special pedestal, that is, Zhiming.

In ancient times, Zuyijue, incense burner, Zen pattern, plain pattern head, straight pattern nego, flower gourd ladle and so on appeared. It can be seen that the gluttonous patterns are closely related to the life of our ancestors and the cultural life of our ancestors, which fully embodies the wisdom and creativity of the working people in ancient China.

Modern gluttony and gluttonous grain culture

1, advertising gluttony night

Mr. Boursicaud, a French advertising collector, is the founder of "Advertising Dinner Night" and a grand event for people in the advertising industry. Its door is open to everyone, people in the industry can see and learn the creative expression of advertisements, and people outside the circle can also enjoy it. The important thing about its success is that it provides an excellent place for young audiences to vent their feelings. It is a cheerful and rational vent, hot but not crazy. "Advertising gluttony night" is an advertising feast for the audience, which is to make everyone present eat. The global screening of advertising gluttony night entered its 24th year (1984). Every advertising night, wearing masks, waving balloons, shouting and singing all over the street, gluttony also indicates the relaxation of the soul and the satisfaction of desire in modern culture.

2. The gluttonous pattern and the prototype of the sculpture "dance"

A tall bronze sculpture stands at the intersection of Yi 'an Road and Tianqiao North Road in Beijing. From a distance, it looks like an ancient wine vessel, but if you look closely, it seems that three abstract figures are dancing. The name of this sculpture is dance. Its origin is that the staff of the Municipal Cultural Management Office made artistic design and modeling inspired by two bronzes, Wen Jue in the early Shang Dynasty. In modern times, there are also gluttonous interior architectural designs.

3. Gluttony and education

The historical legend of gluttony warns people to exercise due restraint in doing things. A person takes everything around him as his own chip, and then does whatever it takes to achieve his goal. Such people are terrible, just like gluttony. He pursued a wide range of desires and high standards, which hurt many people and did great harm. The symbolic meaning of gluttony is a good subject for moral education for future generations.

Gluttony and gluttonous culture have a long history in China, and their cultural influence is far-reaching in ancient China, modern times and even the world.