What are the advantages, disadvantages and differences of incandescent lamp, fluorescent lamp, energy-saving lamp and LED lamp?

Incandescent lamp, a lamp that uses resistance to heat filaments (usually tungsten filaments in modern times) into incandescent light. Although incandescent lamp has low light efficiency, it has good light color and light collection performance, and it is the largest output and the most widely used electric light source. Among all the lighting lamps that use electricity, incandescent lamps have the lowest efficiency. Only about 2% of the electricity it consumes can be converted into light energy, and the rest is lost in the form of heat energy.

Fluorescent lamps are divided into traditional fluorescent lamps and electrodeless fluorescent lamps. The traditional fluorescent lamp, that is, low-pressure mercury lamp, uses low-pressure mercury vapor to radiate ultraviolet rays in the discharge process, so that the phosphor emits visible light, so it belongs to low-pressure arc discharge light source. An electrodeless fluorescent lamp is an electrodeless lamp, which cancels the filament and electrode of the traditional fluorescent lamp and excites mercury atoms from the original state to the excited state by using the principle of electromagnetic coupling. Its luminous principle is similar to that of traditional fluorescent lamps, and it has the advantages of long life, high luminous efficiency and good color rendering. Because most of the electric energy consumed by fluorescent lamps is used to generate ultraviolet rays, the luminous efficiency of fluorescent lamps is much higher than that of incandescent lamps and tungsten halogen lamps, and they belong to energy-saving electric light sources.

Energy-saving lamps, also known as energy-saving bulbs, electronic bulbs, compact fluorescent lamps and integrated fluorescent lamps, refer to lighting equipment that combines fluorescent lamps and ballasts. On the premise of achieving the same light output, this light source only needs to consume the power consumption of ordinary incandescent lamps 1/5 to 1/4, which can save a lot of lighting electricity and expenses, so it is called energy-saving lamp. Each waste energy-saving lamp can pollute 180 tons of water and five or six acres of land.

LED lamp, light emitting diode, is a solid semiconductor device that can convert electric energy into visible light, and it can directly convert electricity into light. Advantages: high quality, durability, energy saving, wide adjustment range of projection angle, and the brightness of 15W is equivalent to that of ordinary 40W fluorescent lamp. Resistant to high temperature, moisture, water and leakage. But the price is more expensive, and poor heat dissipation will greatly shorten the life.