What are some of the more famous types of Chinese theater?

Huizhou Opera originated in the Ming Dynasty, when the Yiyang Opera from Jiangxi Province was introduced to the Qingyang and Guizhi areas of Anhui Province. During the Jiajing period of the Ming Dynasty, the Yiyang cavity of Jiangxi Province spread to the Qingyang and Guizhi areas of Anhui Province, where it was combined with folk tunes popular among the local people to create a new cavity, forming the Qingyang cavity with local characteristics; the Qingyang cavity was also influenced by the folk songs and ditties and the Kunqu Opera, and developed into the present-day Huizhou Opera. It is characterized by the following features: rolling white and rolling singing, which not only allows the characters in the opera to have a wide range of room to pour out their inner feelings of pent-up frustration and anger, but is also rich in narrativity. The range of the singing voice is unusually wide, giving people a rough, beautiful feeling.

In the Qianlong period of the Qing Dynasty, the famous Hui Opera artists Gao Langting and Hao Tianshou brought Hui Opera to Yangzhou. At that time, Yangzhou was one of the cultural centers of the country, and was the place where the "flower department" was concentrated, but it was soon overwhelmed by the exquisite Hui Opera. In the 55th year of the Qianlong reign, Gao Langting brought the opera to Beijing, where it was well received by the audience. This was followed by the "Four Happiness", "Chuntai" and "Hechun" Huiban, which were brought to Beijing.

Shortly after Hui Opera entered the capital, Han Opera also entered the capital, and Hui Opera absorbed Xipi from Han Opera, further enriched and developed its own voice. From then on, Hui Opera not only broke into the palace, vibration of the capital, but also widely circulated, affecting the whole country. It put down its roots in the north and gradually absorbed the Beijing accent in the north, and its high voice combined with the northern language to develop into Beijing Opera. Its influence on opera in the south was also far-reaching, with Gan Opera in Jiangxi, Sichuan Opera in Sichuan, Cantonese Opera in Guangdong, Gui Opera in Guangxi, and Yunnan Opera in Yunnan all being influenced by Huizhou Opera to varying degrees.

The outstanding representative who has made outstanding contributions to the performing art of Huizhou Opera is the veteran artist Cheng Changgeng. Cheng Changgeng was known as Chun, Yushan, a native of Qianshan, Anhui Province. He put the Hui sound, Beijing sound, Chu sound and use, off-beat innovation, Zhuo Ran into the family, for the Hui Opera, he played the role of the former, for the Beijing Opera, he played the role of the latter, therefore, he became the founding master of Beijing Opera.

The performing art of Hui Opera is rich and colorful. It pays attention to the platform and high stage martial arts, the sculptural beauty of the figure and appearance, the characterization and the picture of the atmosphere and so on. Platform and high platform martial arts are most prominent in Huizhou Opera, and platforms such as "one-legged single kick", "forked leg single kick", "knife door", "flying fork", etc. are exceptionally thrilling. "and so on are exceptionally thrilling, as for the high-top martial arts work, more dangerous, the general actors to turn over three tables, some to turn over seven tables. Stance, appearance, in Hui opera is very sculptural art. Huizhou Opera focuses on collective performance, when necessary, all the songs and dances, appearing to be magnificent, the scene is warm. Huizhou Opera has a lot of repertoire, it is recorded that there are one thousand four hundred and four, because of the long years, most of them are handwritten, many of them are lost. After the liberation, after digging and organizing, the representative repertoire of Huizhou Opera has the following characteristics: "The Righteous Tiger Newspaper", "Coincidence of Marriage", "Qi King Pointing Horse", and "Drowning Seven Armies", etc. The repertoire of Huizhou Opera has a long history and is very popular.

Beijing Opera

One of the opera genres. In the old days, it was called "Pihuang" or "Erhuang". Because of its wide influence and popularity throughout the country, in recent times it has been called the "national opera". There are different views on the history of the formation of Beijing opera. One point of view to the Qing Dynasty - Qianlong 55 years (1790) Hui class into the Beijing as a symbol, that Beijing opera has a history of more than 200 years; a point of view to the Qing Dynasty - Daoguang years after the Han tune north, the formation of Hui and Han merged as a symbol, began to Beijing opera's embryonic form, that is, "before the Xianfeng, the most important Kunqiang high cavity ...... after the Xianfeng, exclusively Erhuang" (after the Xianfeng, the two yellow). After the Xianfeng period, it was exclusively Erhuang" (see "Yenching Times Records"). After the merger of Hui and Han, it accepted some of the tunes, repertoire and performance methods of the Kunqiang and Bangbangqiang of the Peking Opera, and widely absorbed some folk music materials and melodies, which gradually blended and evolved, and ultimately laid the foundation of the art of Peking Opera. The singing music of Peking Opera belongs to the plate cavity structure system. Among them, "Xipi" includes such styles as [inverted plate], [slow plate], [original plate], [two-six], [fast three-eyes], [running water], [shaking plate], [scattered plate], etc. "Erhuang" is the most popular style of Peking Opera, and it is also the most popular style of Peking Opera. The "Erhuang" includes such styles as [Backboard], [Dragon], [Slow Board], [Original Board], [Fast Three Eyes], [Rocking Board], [Scattered Board], etc. The "Xipi" and "Erhuang" styles are also included in this collection. In addition to the two main tunes of "Xipi" and "Erhuang", there is also the "Anti-Xipi" - a counter-tone of Xipi, In addition to the two main tunes of "Xipi" and "Erhuang", there are also "Anti-Xipi", "Xipi Anti-tune", "Anti-Erhuang", "Erhuang Anti-tune", "South Clapper", and "Siping Tune", "The main accompanying instruments are: the Jinghu (Beijing Hu) and the Peking Opera (Beijing Hu), and the Peking Opera (Beijing Hu), and the Peking Opera (Beijing Hu). The main accompanying instruments are stringed instruments such as Jinghu, Erhu, Sanxian, Yueqin, flute, suona, and percussion instruments such as drums, gongs, cymbals, and drums. In terms of performance, they are roughly categorized into the four major trades of Sheng, Dan, Jing and Chou based on the gender, age, and character traits of the male and female, the young and the old, and the handsome, the ugly, and the treacherous. Within each of the four major trades, there are subdivided into subtle branches. The Peking Opera is characterized by a wide range of skills and an eclectic mix of styles, which has made it a representative of the profound Chinese opera art and renowned all over the world. It has not only created rich and popular operatic works, but also numerous outstanding opera musicians, opera literati and performing artists.

Kun Opera

Kun Opera is an ancient type of opera in China, also known as Kunshan Opera or Kunqu Opera, popular in the Kunshan area of Jiangsu Province, with a history of more than 500 years. During the Jiajing period, the opera musician Wei Liangfu drew on the strengths of the Haiyan and Goyang cavities and reformed the Kun Opera to create the famous "Shuimo Cavity", which led to a great development of the Kun Opera music. Kunqu has a complete performance system and a unique vocal system. It has a rich repertoire, fresh and melodious tunes, and beautiful and moving performances. The orchestra plays the flute as the main instrument, and also uses the pipe (Xiao), sheng, pipa and other instruments. Its musical tunes and performances and dances have a great influence on other types of theater.

Kunqu has a South Kun and North Kun, popular in the northern region called North Kun, popular in the area of Jiangsu and Zhejiang called South Kun. Famous actors and actresses include: Yu Zhenfei, Han Shichang, Li Shujun, Hong Xuefei, Wang Fusong and so on.

Panel Opera

Popular in Beijing, Tianjin, North China and Northeast China, it has a history of more than seventy years. It originated from the "Lotus Flower Tree" in the eastern part of Hebei Province, and absorbed the music and performances of Peking Opera, Hebei Opera, shadow puppets, and big drums. After entering the city from the countryside, this type of opera was influenced by drama and Beijing Opera and performed many new plays, specializing in the expression of the life of the common people. The lyrics are easy to understand, the singing is colloquial, the words are clear and easy to understand, and there is a strong sense of life, which makes it popular among the people in both urban and rural areas. In the early days of the opera, the female role was dominated by the female voice, and the male voice was poor and simple. After the founding of New China, there was a great development of the male voice, creating many new repertoires with mainly male roles. Famous actors and actresses include: Xiao Bai Yushang, Xi Cailian, Xin Fengxia, Han Shaoyun, Wei Rongyuan, Ma Tai and so on.

Huangmei Opera

Huangmei Opera is widely popular in Anhui Province along both sides of the Yangtze River, Anhui and Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Fujian, Jiangxi, Hubei, Jilin and other provinces and cities, *** there are more than 50 professional Huangmei Opera Troupe, and its influence and reputation, as far as Hong Kong, Macao and Southeast Asia.

Huangmei Opera, originally known as Huangmei Tune, also known as Caicha Tune, originated in Huangmei County, Hubei Province. Ziyun Mountain and Longping Mountain in Huangmei County were tea-producing places, and every year after the rainy season, groups of young men and women, while picking tea, sang folk songs, and became a famous song town, and these folk songs are always called Huangmei tune.

Huangmei tune in the popularity of the process, and folk songs and dances slowly combined to form an art form of singing and dancing, mainly in the Lantern Festival activities, so also known as lanterns. Before and after the Daoguang in Hubei, Anhui, Jiangxi provinces in the adjoining areas, the formation of singing "two small plays" (small, small Dan), "three small plays" (plus clowns) based on folk theater. Later, it absorbed the music and performing arts of Anhui tune and Qingyang cavity popular in Anqing area, and performed a big opera. Due to the long popularity in the Anqing area centered on Huaining, with the local voice singing, gradually formed a unique style, it is known as "Huai cavity", which is the predecessor of today's Huangmei Opera.

In 1926, Huangmei Opera sang from the countryside into the ancient city of Anqing, Huangmei Opera gradually had a fixed performance venues, development and growth in Anqing. Appeared for many years the class society, produced professional artists, repertoire, performance, music and other developments, and canceled the gang cavity, trial Beijing accompanied by Hu music. But a long period of time, are "three dozen seven singing" (percussion three people, seven actors) based on simple equipment, a class of costumes, props, gongs and drums, a load of baskets can be picked up. 1949, Huangmei Opera has been the rapid development of the popularity of Anqing corner of the folk opera, and a leap for the Anhui region of the big opera.

Huangmei Opera is rich in lyricism and flavor, with beautiful singing, such as clouds and water, songs and dances, and simple and delicate performances.

Huangmei Opera is characterized by a refined and refreshing singing style, which is divided into two categories: flowery cadences and flat phrases. Flower accent to perform small plays, rich in life and folk song flavor, mostly with "liner notes" such as "Houshe", "feed but" and so on. There are "husband and wife to watch the lantern", "Blue Bridge Club", "hog grass", etc.; Ping word is the main singing in the opera, often used in the narrative, lyrical, sounds gentle and melodious, there is "Liang Zhu". "Liang Zhu" and "Tian Xian Matching". Modern Huangmei Opera has enhanced the expressive power of "plain words" type of singing in music, often used in large sections of lyric, narrative, is the main cavity of the opera; broke through the limitations of some of the "flowery" specialized theater, absorbing folk songs and other musical components, creating a new cavity harmonized with the traditional singing. The Huangmei Opera uses the gaohu as its main instrument. The Huangmei Opera uses the gaohu as the main accompaniment, and other ethnic instruments and gongs and drums, which is suitable for the performance of a variety of subject matter of the repertoire.

After the establishment of the Anhui Provincial Huangmei Opera Troupe in May 1953, the troupe, with the cooperation of veteran artists and new literati, successively collated and adapted traditional repertoires, such as "Beat the Pig's Grass," "Husband and Wife Watching the Lanterns," "Matching with the Immortals," and "Female Emperor's Son-in-law," among others. Among them, "The Match of Heavenly Immortals" also set the highest record for the audience of an opera movie at that time, and became popular all over the country and famous overseas. This was the first time that Huangmei Opera was combined with the art of film, which added wings to Huangmei Opera and made it soar in a wider world, making it a noteworthy local opera at home and abroad.

In the process of growth of Huangmei Opera, there appeared Yan Fengying, Wang Shaofang and other accomplished performers who made great contributions to the performing art of Huangmei Opera.

Yan Fengying's singing art has a unique style, her singing voice is mellow and sweet, rich in the flavor of folk songs, and her performances are vivid and truly touching, with strong inner feelings. Her plays such as "The Match of Heavenly Fairies", "Female Son-in-Law", "The Cowherd and the Weaving Maiden", "Husband and Wife Watching the Lantern" and "Playing the Pigweed" are very popular, and some of them have been made into movies, which are well known both at home and abroad.

Sichuan Opera

Sichuan Opera, popular in the province of Sichuan and part of Yunnan and Guizhou. Originally, the inflow of foreign provinces Kun cavity, high cavity, Huqin cavity (Pihuang), playing theater and the Sichuan folk lamp play five kinds of vocal art, are separate performances around Sichuan, the Qing Dynasty Qianlong period (1736-1795), because of the five kinds of vocal art often performed on the same stage, the day gradually formed **** the same style, the late Qing Dynasty collectively known as the "Chuan Opera", and later renamed the "Sichuan Opera". The name was changed to "Chuan Opera" in the late Qing Dynasty.

Gao, Kun, Hu, and Baidan each had their own situation in the process of merging into a unified Sichuan opera.

The Kun Opera, which originated in Jiangsu Province, flowed into Sichuan Province and evolved into Sichuan Kun Opera with local characteristics. Gao Cavity, the mainstay of Sichuan Opera, originated from the Yiyang Cavity of Jiangxi Province. Originating from Jiangxi Yiyang cavity, the late Ming and early Qing dynasties have flowed into Sichuan, Chu, Shu called "Qing opera". In keeping with the tradition of "singing with one person and all the people, and there are also tight plate, slow plate, based on a large number of Sichuan rice-planting songs, trumpets, Shenqu, and even ringing in the nutrients, enrichment and development of the "gang, playing, singing" close combination of characteristics, forming a local characteristics of the Sichuan Gaoqiang.

The huqin accent, also known as "silk string", originated from the Hui and Han tunes, and also absorbed the components of "Hanzhong Erhuang" from Shaanxi, and was successively performed through the "Doing and Singing of Huqin" and stage performances. Combined with the Sichuan dialect and the Sichuan opera gongs and drums, it has made many changes in the cadence and music, forming a huqin cavity with Sichuan flavor.

Bouncing opera, that is, chaotic bombing, also known as "Gai Pan Zi", "Chuan Bang Bang", because of the use of Gai Pan Huqin as the main playing instrument and clappers to beat the knuckles and named, and its origins in Shaanxi Qinqiang with the state bang bang bang. After the Qinqiang into Sichuan, and the northern Sichuan lamp play, high cavity long-term **** place, each other, and the use of Sichuan language, it gradually formed a unique style of Sichuan Bangkok - play opera.

The above four kinds of foreign vocal art in Sichuan in the process of popularization, successively with the Sichuan speech and the masses to appreciate the combination of habits, and gradually evolved into the later Sichuan opera Kun, high, Hu, play, lamp five kinds of voice.

Sichuan Opera has gradually formed a number of schools due to the popularity of the various vocal cadences in the region and the relationship between the masters and the artists. In these schools, in addition to the Dan line Run (Flower Fairy) school, ugly line Fu (Sanqian) school, Cao (Junchen) school, such as outstanding artists known as the school, mainly according to the popular area of the four schools: First, the "Western Sichuan School," including Chengdu as the center of the Wenjiang region of the counties, the huqin is the main, the formation of a unique "Bei tune"; Second, the "West Sichuan School", including Chengdu as the center of the Wenjiang area counties, the huqin-based, forming unique "Bei tune The second is the "Ziyang River School", including Zigong and Neijiang districts and counties, which is dominated by the Gao Cavity, with the most meticulous artistic style; the third is the "Northern Sichuan School", including Nanchong and some parts of Mianyang, which is dominated by the singing of bomb operas and influenced by the Qin Cavity; the fourth is the "Western Sichuan School", including Wenjiang counties centered on Chengdu, which is dominated by Huqin, forming a unique "Bei Tone". The fourth is the "East Sichuan School", including Chongqing as the center of the east of Sichuan, because Chongqing is the commercial center of Sichuan, to perform here in many foreign styles of opera. It is characterized by a variety of styles and a diversity of voices.

The repertoire of Sichuan Opera is so extensive that it has been called "Three Thousand Tang Operas, Eight Hundred Song Operas, and Endless Three or Lian Guo Operas". Cannon Branding Pillar", "Five Elements Pillar"), as well as the "Eighteen Books of Jianghu", etc., as well as the "Four Great Heads" (Pipa, Golden Seal, Red Plum, and Throwing Notes) recognized by the Sichuan Opera industry, and many of which are the lost repertoire of other types of operas.

After 1949, a number of excellent Sichuan opera repertoires emerged after finishing, such as "The Story of the Willow Shade", "The Story of the Jade Hairpin" and "The Story of the Colorful Building".

The performing art of Sichuan Opera has a deep foundation in life and has formed a set of perfect performing programs. The scripts have high literary value, and the performances are true and delicate, humorous and witty, with a strong sense of life, which are loved by the masses. Some actors have also created a number of stunts, such as lifting, opening the eyes of the wise, changing faces, drilling fire rings, hiding knives, etc., good use of stunts to create characters, breathtaking.

Hebei Bangzi

An important branch of the Bangzi vocal system. It is the most popular ancient opera in Hebei, including Beijing and Tianjin. In the course of its formation and distribution, it has been called "Beijing Bangzi", "Tianjin Bangzi" (Wei Bangzi) and "Zhili Bangzi". The title of Hebei Opera was formally established in 1952 when the National Opera Concert was held, and before that, it was also called "Qinqiang" or "Shan-Shan Opera". Its singing music is a form of plate cavity, the main plate [slow plate], [two six], [sharp plate], [hitching tune], [crying plate] and so on. There are also some special cadences that characterize the singing style of the opera, such as: [Thirteen Coughs], [Crying Acacia] (see Spring and Autumn Match - Picking Up Firewood), [Upper Sea], [Lower Sea], [Mou Er San] (see Butterfly Cup), etc. The main musical accompaniment of Hebei Opera is [Two Sixes], [Pointed Plate], [Hitching Tune], [Wailing Plate], and so on. The main accompaniment of Hebei Opera is the Banhu, accompanied by the flute, sheng and sanxian. When singing, the hardwood clappers hit the knuckles, and the melody of the singing voice is soaring and agitated that it is good at expressing generous and tragic emotions, and has been known as "Yanzhao's sad song". The repertoire of Hebei Opera exceeds 1,000 plays, and the more influential ones are Butterfly Cup, Jinshui Bridge, Xin'an Yi, Du Shiniang, Qin Xianglian, etc. In its heyday, the opera traveled all over the world. At the height of its popularity, it was performed all over the country, mainly in Beijing, Tianjin, Hebei, Liaoning, Jilin, Heilongjiang, Inner Mongolia and Shandong. Famous actors and actresses include Tian Jiyun (Rattling Nine Nights), Guo Baochen (Yuan Yuan Hong), Hou Junshan (Thirteen Dan), Xian Lingzhi, Liu Xikui, Li Guiyun, etc. The troupe declined after the 1930s and was revived only after 1949, with new development and improvement in the voice and music, stage art, and table directing, etc., and a number of new performing artists, such as Zhang Shumin, Wang Fengzhi, Liu Yuling, and Zhang Huiyun, etc., appeared and performed a number of highly influential plays, such as "The Lian Lian" (The Lian Lian), which was performed in Beijing, Tianjin, Hebei, Liaoning, Jilin, Heilongjiang, Inner Mongolia, and Shandong. A number of plays with great influence were performed, such as "Zhong Kui" and "Hu Yanqing Fighting".

Shandong Bangzi

Chinese opera genre. It is also known as "high-toned clappers", or simply "high-toned" or "high-bang". Around the beginning of the Qing Dynasty, Shan-Shan Bangkas were introduced to Shandong, and influenced by the local dialect, they gradually evolved into local bangkas with a rough and bold style. It is popular in Heze, Jining, Tai'an, Liaocheng, Linyi and other places, with Heze (the old Caozhou Prefecture) as the center, called "Caozhou Bangkas", and Jining and Wenshang as the center, called "Wenshang Bangkas". It has some historical origin and blood relationship with Pingtong, Laiwu Bangtong, Yudongtong, Shahetong and Xiangfutong. There are more than 600 traditional repertoires, and the representative repertoires include "Playing the Golden Branch", "Two Wolf Mountains", "Scolding the Golden Temple", "Cosmic Frontier", "The Wall", etc. The singing style is high and exciting, and it is a kind of "Wenshang Bangkok". The singing voice is high pitched and exciting, and belongs to the plate cadence style. Commonly used boards are [slow], [running board], [two eight boards], [one drum and two gongs], [flying board], [starting board], [planting board], [two offenders], [golden hooks], [a string of bells], [inverted and reverse plectrum], etc. There are more than 180 kinds of accompaniment tunes. There are more than 180 kinds of accompaniment songs. In the past, all the songs were sung in "Da Ben Voice" (real voice), and the end voice of the Dan character was turned up. Later on, it changed gradually and was mostly sung in the "Erben voice" (falsetto). In the early days, the accompaniment instruments used were big strings (Yaji Yueqin), two strings (big tube and short pole, two leather strings, played with a bow), and three strings, and later it was changed to Banhu, Erhu, Pipa, and Sheng.

Shanghai Opera

One of the opera genres. Mainly popular in Shanghai and parts of Southern Jiangsu and Zhejiang, it originated from the songs of the rural areas in the Taihu Lake and Huangpu River regions, and was later enriched and developed, and the participation of a large number of drama and movie artists in the 1930s and 1940s made Shanghai Opera have great changes. The basic format of the opera is a plate-cavity structure, supplemented by some folk songs and pop lyrics and other tunes, divided into three parts: the rising cavity, the flat cavity, and the falling cavity. Accompanying instruments include erhu, yangqin, sanxian, pipa, etc. The opera specializes in contemporary life scenes. Shanghai Opera is good at expressing contemporary life scenes, and has produced many influential plays in different historical periods, such as "Soul Breaking the Blue Bridge" and "Thunderstorm" in the 30s and 40s, which were based on movies and dramas, and "The Fire in Ludang" and "The Tale of the Red Lanterns" created in the 50s and 60s, all of which had a great impact. Its famous actors and actresses include Yang Muying, Xie Hongyuan and Ding Yes'e.

Yu Opera

Chinese Opera. It is also known as "Henan Opera" and "Henan Gaoxiao". Popular in Henan and parts of neighboring provinces, Xinjiang, Tibet and other Yu opera troupes. The origin of the saying is different, one said that the end of the Ming Dynasty Qinqiang and Puzhou Bangkas into Henan and the combination of local folk songs and ditties formed, said that the development of the Northern Songs strings from the tune. The main accompanying instruments include the banhu, erhu, sanxian, pipa, flute, sheng and suona. There are two types of music: flute and string. Commonly used flute songs are [Mantang Hua], [Zijin Cup], [Fengren Song], etc. Commonly used string songs are [Bitterness in Joy], [Sihe Ling], [Chaotianzi], etc. The singing is in the form of a plate cadence. The singing is of the board cavity, and the commonly used boards are [slow board], [two eight boards], [running water], [flying board], etc. The original Yu Dong tune, Yu Dong tune, Yu Dong tune, Yu Dong tune, Yu Dong tune, Yu Dong tune, Yu Dong tune, Yu Dong tune, Yu Dong tune, Yu Dong tune, Yu Dong tune, Yu Dong tune and Yu Dong tune. The original Yu Dong Tune, Yu Xi Tune (also known as Xifu Tune), Xiangfu Tune, Shahe Tune four genres, now the main genres for the Yu Dong Tune and Yu Xi Tune. The East Yu Tune is centered on Kaifeng and Shangqiu, and it uses fake voice and has a high-pitched and exciting tune, which is known as the "Upper Five Tones". The western Yu tune, centered in Luoyang, uses the real voice to produce the melody, which is called "lower five tones". In recent years, the two schools have been merging. There are more than 650 traditional dramas, including Mu Guiying's Marshalship, Mulan, The Red Queen, The Pair of Guns, and The Great Sacrifice Pile, etc. Modern dramas include Chaoyang Gully and The Great Sacrifice Pile. Modern dramas such as "Chaoyang Gully" and "Liu Hulan" have a greater impact.

Lv Theater

Chinese opera. Also known as "make-up yangqin", "qin opera", "donkey opera", "fan opera", "Bouncing theater" by the rap form of Shandong (East Road) qinshu development and evolution. At the end of the Qing Dynasty, Guangrao has sung the East Road qinshu when the temple light, Tan Bing theory, Cui Xinyue, etc., will be "Wang Xiao Cuifu" changed to make-up performances, the use of folk dance donkey form, known as "donkey play". Another saying is that the masses think it is a neighborhood play, "Lv" was originally the word "Lv". There is also a saying that the masses, according to its main accompaniment, the falling zither, when playing, stroking up and down and called "stroking the opera". 1940, the name "Lv Opera". It was popular in the towns and villages of Guangrao, Boxing, Huimin, Zhangdian, Weixian, etc. Around 1920, it was sung in Jinan and other cities from the countryside and was performed on the same stage with Wuyin Opera and Laiwu Bangkas, etc. The traditional repertoire is divided into two types: one is "Lv Opera" and the other is "Lv Opera". The traditional repertoire is divided into two types: one is small plays, such as "Xiao Gu Xian" and "Borrowing Years"; the other is a serialized play, which is mostly adapted from drums, novels, and qinshu scripts, such as "The Golden Whip" and "The Five Daughters of Xingtang". The singing style is of the board change body, simple and plain, bright and fluent. Commonly used tunes are "Siping", "Erban", "Doll", "Running Water", "Lotus Road" and so on. The main accompanying instruments are the lute, erhu, sanxian, pipa, suona, etc. In 1953, the Shandong Lu Opera Troupe was established. After that, the professional troupes of Shandong Lv Opera developed to more than 30, and Lv Opera performance groups were also established in Xinjiang, Heilongjiang, Jiangsu and other places one after another.