Typical characteristics shared by classical music, romantic music and folk music.

In order to spread the folklore of "Black Hunter", authentic folk paintings of villagers in Beide Forest were displayed on the stage. 1. 1. Ye Jia? deer

The development of national opera has made great contributions, but the "nationality" in the Magic Flute and Federio is still incomplete. Although the lyrics are in German,

Music also has German characteristics, but it depicts oriental myths or Spanish stories, and Free Shooter is a music material with strong folk temperament.

(Hunters' chorus, girls' ballads, villagers' Allemand dance) and traditional German "singing opera" are dedicated to remote villages in Germany.

The description of Zhuang and forest scenery and the expression of German national thoughts and feelings are very successful.

Chopin (1810-1849), a piano poet, a patriotic pianist and composer of the romantic music genre, was the pioneer of the Central European folk music genre in Poland.

The works are full of originality and nationality. Mazzuca and Polonaise run through their life's creative career, and he raised these two styles of Polish folk dance music to the sound.

Genre levels of concert music. He composed 57 mazurka dances, and creatively used their characteristic rhythms and folk harmony to make them more distinctive.

Folk colors and Polish national temperament have become poetic instrumental essays. There are imitations of folk bagpipes in the works (Mazzuca in C major, Op.

.24 bis), some of them play alternately with dominant chords, depicting the sound played by folk musicians (Mazzuca in D major, Op. 33 bis).

. He composed 15 Polish dance music, which was completely divorced from dance and was no longer a dazzling external effect. He injected serious thoughts into it and became a style.

A unique, resolute and bold dramatic poem. Chopin associated Bonez with the battlefield, the army and the glory of ancient Poland. These two kinds

Dance genres all reflect the connection with the spirit of Poland's motherland.

Brahms (1833-1897), the last German classicist in the heyday of romantic music, loved folk music.

With deep feelings, he is another master of German and Austrian art songs. More than 200 solo art songs, most of which belong to folk songs.

. The lyrics are full of folk life, and the tone and rhythm are closely related to folk music. The musical form is concise, mostly from folk songs.

Bar songs, such as "lullaby" (OP.49 quater), are composed of nursery rhymes selected from a German children's painting reader, which are divided into bars and songs.

Style, waltz tone, gently rippling accompaniment sound pattern. Another example is OP.84 quater, a folk song from Lower Rhine.

Selected as four lyrics, the melody is close to the simple style of German folk dance music. Eternal love (one of OP.43) is written in Slavic.

Composed of folk songs. Brahms wrote and published four volumes of 2 1 Hungarian dance music in 1869 and 1880, which absorbed the teeth of Slavs and Hungarians.

The melody and rhythm characteristics of folk music vividly show Hungary's strong local flavor and national character.

Verdi, the king of opera (1813-1901) is the most famous opera composer in Europe. His belief is that "everyone should protect it.

The unique characteristics of its nation. "(Levik's masterpiece of foreign music, Volume III, page 325) The melody of his opera is very vivid, lyrical and dramatic.

Sex, these melodies are mainly folk tunes, which are simple, popular, distinctive and easy to remember. Once the new opera was put on, many of them were widely circulated.

Sing it. For example, the drinking song in La Traviata, the woman in The Clown loves to change her mind (it was later rewritten and renamed as Summer Boating)

"Becoming a Folk Song" is popular, and "The Rise of Flame" in "The Bard" has almost become a folk song.

The formation of romantic music school was in the awakening period of national consciousness in European countries in the19th century. With the development of the national liberation movement, in the history of music,

The first such period appeared in the world, which emphasized national differences and national values. In the development of music art, national characteristics have a decisive influence.

Period. Romantic music school is essentially influenced by folk music and deeply rooted in their respective national sounds, regardless of melody, timbre and expression.

On the basis of music tradition, it emphasizes national characteristics and inherits national traditions.

Fourthly, national music schools generally pursue and deliberately express national characteristics in order to stimulate national consciousness.

Raise national awareness

Due to the influence of the French bourgeois revolution, the revolutionary storm of 19 in the 1920s and 1930s swept across Europe.

The national consciousness and feelings of all countries, especially Russia and Nordic countries, are increasing day by day, and the revolutionary struggle against national oppression and for national independence is surging.

. At the same time, with the development of capitalism and the rise of romanticism, various regions in Europe have entered the rising period of national culture. The Birth of National Music School

It shows that the national culture has begun to prosper.

National music school is a branch of romantic music school, which is in the same strain as romantic music school in aesthetics and creative methods. They put the romantic music school

The emphasis on "individuality" has expanded to "nationality", and "individuality" has developed to the point that each nationality has its own performance characteristics different from other nationalities. Its knot

In this way, the nationality and folklore emphasized by the romantic music school are more prominent and comprehensive in the hands of the national music school.

Glinka (1804— 1857), the father of Russian folk music and the founder of the school of folk music, was a classical folk song written and performed in 1836.

The national opera ivan susanin is a "heroic tragedy of the motherland" full of patriotic passion. The composer used a lot of Russian.

Russian folk songs draw lessons from the form of world opera art, absorb the skills of German and Italian romantic music schools, and create the first Russian nation with unique national style.

Opera. "Fantasia of Kamalinskaya" written in 1884 adopts two songs and dance music widely circulated by Russian people-wedding songs.

The theme of "From the Back of the Mountain", "From the Back of the Mountain" and the dance music "Kamalinskaya" are vividly portrayed in the form of symphony music.

This paper introduces the customs of Russian rural life and the picture of Russian national character. It became that cornerstone of Russian symphony, as Pyotr Il'yich Tchaikovsky said, "everything".

Russian symphonic music is bred from Kamalinskaya's fantasia. Glinka attached great importance to studying Russian national poetry,

Draw nutrition from Russian folk music. As his motto shows: "It is the people who create music, but we artists just create music."

It's just a song. Ancient peasant songs, Russian church tones, city life songs and dance music are all inexhaustible sources of his creation. exist

In harmony, try to avoid the four-part harmony method of strong longitudinal chords, and adopt the unique polyphony and polyphony techniques in Russia. His creative practice is Russia.

Ross National Conservatory of Music paved the way for the world's advanced music forest.

Pyotr Il'yich Tchaikovsky (1840-1893) is a rare all-rounder in The Romantic Period, and a composer with great personality. His musical language, skills.

Influenced by Germany and France, it has worldwide characteristics. In his works, the gorgeous elegance of European style is better than the simple local style of Russian style. material

In fact, his music is still rooted in the realistic soil of the nation and the people, and some works directly adopt and develop Russian folk songs, dance music and cities.

Songs of city people. For example, Andante Like a Song is based on the Ukrainian folk song Vanya Sitting on the Sofa, and the final movement of the Fourth Symphony is based on Russia.

Based on the melody of the folk song "A Birch Tree in the Field". The theme of the third movement of Piano Concerto No.1 in B minor comes from another poem.

Crane folk song "Come on, ivanka". Russian national theme and national character are always carried out in his music creation, so his music is still dominant.

If it is a Russian with a unique personality.

Dvorak (1841-1904) was the most important composer of Czech national music school in the late 9th century, and published two volumes of 16 in the late 1970s.

Slavic dances, including Polka, Sarkozy Naar, Friente, Oldsmek, Polonaise, dumka and other Czech and Slovak dances.

Many folk dance schools, such as Waak, Poland and Ukraine, are world-renowned and widely praised by the international music community. He took office in new york in the early 1990s.

During his tenure as president of the National Conservatory of Music, he composed the Ninth New World Symphony in E minor, which not only adopted the core containing Indian folk songs.

Heart (but opposed to directly quoting the original folk melody), and skillfully woven into the unique temperament of Bohemian music; Not only expressed their concern for American Indians,

Affectionate, but also homesickness for the Czech Republic, expressed the patriotic childlike innocence of Bohemians far away from home. This work is rigorous in structure and beautiful in melody.

Beautiful and full of national style, it is a classic with profound thoughts and easy to understand. Dvorak also occupies an important position in the history of American art and music.

, is an international Czech national composer.

Bartok (1881-1945), a representative of the Hungarian new national music school, a national musician, composer and educator, spent several years in his life.

In the past ten years, great achievements have been made in the collection, arrangement and research of national folk music. He and his old friend Kodaly (1882-196), a music educator.

7) Put forward the argument of "re-understanding Hungarian national music", which shocked the whole European music circle. In order to compare and study folk music,

Find out the "musical mother tongue" of Hungarian folk music and expand the collection of folk songs to areas outside Hungary: Slovakia and Romania.

Romania, Bulgaria, Ukraine, Yugoslavia, Turkey and North Africa. Collected and recorded more than 6000 folk songs, nearly 2.

000 songs. A set of systematic and scientific collection and analysis methods has been explored, which has made great contributions to the development of national music. He used Hungary, a native of Hungary.

It took 10 years for Yali folk music materials to compose and arrange piano music collections such as Dedicated to Children and Small Universe, which is of great educational significance.

Value.

From the above discussion, we can draw the conclusion that national music schools generally pursue and deliberately express their own national characteristics, and their artistic goals are clear.

Conscious behavior, so that music culture can become a means to stimulate and improve national consciousness. This is under the background of new ideas and national liberation struggle.

It is determined by the composer's national consciousness and special feelings for his country and nation.

Five, some enlightenment

We can get some enlightenment from the analysis of the national characteristics of European classical music.

1. Most musicians who have made achievements and are loved by people all over the world can be said to be national musicians. Their works all have "only the nation"

Yes, this is the world. "(Professor Zhao Fē ng @ ①) Important features. Professional music creation around the world, although its music center features some.

Different, but in music creation, taking nationality as the artistic goal pursued by * * * is no exception. As Linsky Kosakov said:

"Music without nationality does not exist. In fact, it is generally believed that the music of all mankind is national. "

2. Strengthen the research on European music culture and world music culture, attach importance to the global significance of diversified music education, and let China's national music go global.

Paving stones contribute to the world. The "European Music Center Theory" has a great influence on the music industry in China, especially in the professional music education field, and we should make efforts to make progress.

Criticize and change ideas and correctly handle the relationship between Chinese and western music. In normal music education, the author thinks that while strengthening national music education, it also

We should strengthen the study and research of European and world music culture. Recently, an American music education expert wrote and asked, "I heard that educators in China have learned it."

With the idea of traveling all over the world with mathematics, is it possible to learn the world music culture well and prepare for the world? Do you think this is an inevitable trend in the future?

(Music Studies, No.29 1 1993) We should fully realize the global significance of attaching importance to diversified music education, which should take decades.

Western music theory, technology and education system have exerted a comprehensive and positive influence on the development of China national music. Prevent criticism of "European music"

Centrism ",while strengthening national music education, one contradiction covers up another contradiction, and one tendency covers up another tendency to study and study Europe and

The experience and lessons of music theory, performance skills and creation in various countries in the world are all for the development of our national music and the voice of the China nation.

Le went further to the world and laid a good foundation.

3. Reform the teaching of foreign music history. On the premise of being faithful to historical facts, we should emphasize patriotism, popularity, democracy and popularity from teaching materials to teaching.

Main melody melody with national characteristics. At present, there are many problems in the teaching of foreign music history, and most of the textbooks used are imported, with complicated and comprehensive contents and insufficient emphasis.

; Some views are old-fashioned, and even there are many idealistic views, which advocate bourgeois genius view, heroic momentum and personal struggle; In evaluating musicians and

Some works lack Marxism–Leninism's dialectical materialism and historical materialism, so they can't be divided into two parts, only seeing the musician's historical contribution, but not seeing it.

The limitations of history. It is imperative to organize Chinese people to compile western music history textbooks with novel ideas and outstanding viewpoints. Foreign music should be promoted in teaching materials

Patriotism against feudal autocratic rule and foreign aggression; Promote musicians' love for people, life, folk art and inheritance.

Traditional creative spirit, courage to explore and innovate. While fully affirming their historical contributions, we should also comprehensively and objectively evaluate their thoughts.

Aesthetic and historical limitations of the works.

Looking back, history is a mirror. "Foreign things serve China, the past serves the present", based on China and facing the world; Based on modernity and facing the future.

. It is the starting point of our study to absorb the excellent musical traditions of other countries, develop our national music and let China's national music go further to the world.