Collect the data of residential buildings in various regions of China, and explain the relationship between residential buildings and geographical environment in various regions and nationalities?

The traditional houses in China can be roughly divided into: traditional houses in Northeast China, traditional houses in Northwest China, traditional houses in North China, traditional houses in Southwest China, traditional houses in Central South China and traditional houses in East China.

Northeast residential houses are represented by Northeast quadrangles, Manchu houses, Korean houses and Kang houses.

Northwest dwellings are represented by Shaanxi Cave Dwellings, Guanzhong Narrow Courtyard Dwellings, Qinghai Zhuangke Dwellings and Xinjiang Uygur Dwellings.

There are Pingyao ancient city, Mongolian yurts and Hebei folk houses in North China, among which quadrangles in Beijing are typical.

Typical dwellings in Central and South China include Guangzhou dwellings with three rooms and two corridors, Hakka dwellings with roofs around them, Xiangxi dwellings with hanging feet, Henan dwellings with mixed kilns, and Ganlan Building in Guangxi.

Traditional dwellings in Southwest China mainly include those of Han and ethnic minorities in Sichuan, those in Guizhou, those in Yunnan and some in Tibet.

Geographical Conditions Southwest China, including Sichuan, Yunnan, Guizhou and Xizang Autonomous Region, has a vast territory, and its geographical and climatic conditions are quite different. There are Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau, Sichuan Basin and Qinghai-Tibet Plateau in this area. The terrain is inclined from northwest to southeast, and the terrain is complex.

Climatic conditions: Southwest China is a combination of cold zone, temperate zone and tropical climate. The Sichuan Basin is sunny, muggy, rainy, cloudy and foggy. Yunnan and Guizhou provinces are hot and humid in the south and cold and muggy in the north. In northern Tibet, it belongs to the alpine zone. Southwest China has a three-dimensional climate, and there is a saying that "one mountain is divided into four seasons, and ten miles are different from the sky".

Three. Ethnic Dwellings (1) Dry-column houses popular among ethnic minorities in southwest China. Dry-stop houses are mainly distributed in Yunnan, Guizhou, Guangdong, Guangxi and other areas in the southwest, and are the living forms of Dai, Jingpo and Zhuang. Gan Lan is a building made of bamboo and wood. It is a single independent building, with the ground floor overhead, used for raising livestock or storing things, and the upper floor is occupied by people. This kind of building is moisture-proof and can prevent insects, snakes and wild animals from intruding. The Dai bamboo building is supported by ten pillars, with bamboo sticks and woven straw rafts on the ground, railings and corridors, which are beautiful and unique. The buildings of Naxi nationality in Yongning are all made of wood, centering on people's living, and are also places to sit and rest. The short-legged bamboo building with broken dragons is divided into a front hall and a back hall, which are separated by bamboo fences. Men live in the front hall and women live in the back hall. There are fire pits in the front and back halls. Jingpo Bamboo Building is characterized by long ridges and short eaves. The "Malan" of Zhuang nationality is closer to wooden buildings. There are also buildings in Sanjiang Dong village in Guangxi, all of which are wooden structures, small veranda buildings and multi-storey buildings, which can be used by several families. Only the bamboo building of Yao people lives downstairs, and food and sundries are stored upstairs. The stable is not in the building, but behind it. Bai's buildings are all east-west, and three rooms are common. The general layout is "three squares and one wall" and "four in five patios". There is a courtyard, people live downstairs, and the middle room is the lobby for receiving guests. The bamboo building of Bulang nationality is very simple, made of bamboo pieces and covered with thatch. There is a fire pit in the center of the building for people to eat and entertain guests, with beds around. Every Dong Drum Tower Festival, men, women and children in Dong Village will gather in front of the Drum Tower to "step on the song hall" or watch Dong opera. In summer, people go to the Drum Tower to chat and enjoy the cool. In winter, everyone sits around the fire and tells stories. The Drum Tower is still a place for Dong's family to discuss, rest and entertain. The Drum Tower is a symbol of the Dong people and the unity of the Dong people. Wooden houses in Guizhou are distributed in the east and south of Guizhou, inhabited by Miao, Dong and Tujia ethnic minorities. The wooden houses in this area are mainly represented by dry fence buildings. Similar to Sichuan's dry fence house, its main purpose is to prevent moisture and insects and expand space.

Dai bamboo house Dai people have lived in bamboo houses for more than 400 years/kloc-0. Bamboo House is a special living form created by Dai people according to local conditions. As the name implies, bamboo is the main building material. Xishuangbanna is a famous bamboo town, with dozens of kinds of bamboos, such as Dalongzhu, Zhu Jin, Fengweizhu and Phyllostachys pubescens, all of which are natural building materials. Dai people mostly live in bazi in the ravine, with fertile land, hot climate, distinct wet and dry seasons and abundant rainfall. For a long time, the custom of living on the overhead floor has been formed, that is, the dry fence building, with bamboo and grass as building materials, commonly known as "bamboo building". Ganlan bamboo building adapts to the local environment, is moisture-proof and insect-proof, and is beneficial to ventilation and heat dissipation. In addition, the Dai people believe in Hinayana Buddhism, and Buddhist temples are generally built in villages with unique styles.

(2) Tibetan workshop is a common form of residential architecture in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau in southwest China and some parts of Inner Mongolia. There is no proper name in the local area, and foreigners call it a bunker because it is built of earth or stone and looks like a bunker. Bunkers generally have 2 ~ 3 floors. Livestock are raised on the ground floor and people live upstairs. Living a nomadic life, Mongolian, Tibetan and other ethnic groups also have "felt tents" in their houses, which are movable tents that are convenient for loading, unloading and transportation. Due to the different geographical and climatic conditions in Tibet, the lifestyles and residential building forms in these places are also different. Among them, the climate in the northern Tibetan Plateau is dry and cold, and the local residents are mainly animal husbandry. They live on weeds, and their main way of life is "tent".

Central and eastern Tibet is rich in stone and wood, so Tibetan houses in this area are typical "blockhouses". (3) The tents inhabited by Mongolians in the northwest of China are called "Mongolian yurts", which are made of wooden strips woven into an openable wooden fence as the skeleton of the wall. They are unfolded when used and folded when transported. The small felt tent is 4-6 meters in diameter, and there is no support inside. The big tent needs 2-4 pillars to support it. The floor of the felt tent is covered with a thick carpet with a skylight, and the fireplace and stove on the ground are facing the skylight. (4) Xinjiang Uygur folk houses-"Ayiwang" This is the living form of Xinjiang Uighurs. This kind of house is connected together, and the yard is all around. The front room with skylight is called Ayiwang, also known as "summer room", which has many purposes such as living and meeting guests. The back room is called "Winter Room", which is a bedroom, and usually does not open the window. The layout of the house is very flexible. There are many niches in the room and a lot of plaster sculptures on the walls. Fourth, the special living form-the "boat residence" of floating houses. Gualing Village in Zengcheng is a typical Lingnan water town style. The layout of waterways, lychee forests, watchtowers, ancestral temples and houses is of strategic significance in the war years. Waterways surround the whole village and play a role in protecting the village. On the shore, there is the tallest building watchtower in the village (equivalent to the current 9 floors), which can observe the enemies in the distance; The litchi forest on the other side has grown for 100 years and is quite dense. In the harvest season, the scene should be very lively; Folk houses are in the center of the village, and ancestral halls and large buildings are lined up on the banks of the waterway, which can resist foreign invasion and protect villagers.

Haha, you are definitely the preparatory course of BJ College 10 in our class. See my supplement.