Oil Painting Pigment Hue Classification

Oil painting pigment hue classification

Oil painting pigments can be divided into white, yellow, red, green, blue, brown and black according to hue, below to understand!

1. White class commonly used lead white, zinc white, titanium white

Lead white chemical composition is lead carbonate, made of oil painting color coverage is better. Lead white powder is often used as a base material. Lead white is the best white pigment in the current oil painting color, pure lead white is very stable, if the composition is not pure, it will be yellow after a long time, lead white oil painting color dries quickly, after drying the color layer is strong, it is the best of the European traditional oil painting color in a white color, many masters of the oil painting have been used. But lead white has strong toxicity, even inhaling the dust containing lead white will have serious consequences, so the grinding of lead white will bring danger to people. Nowadays, the white oil painting pigments produced are mostly zinc white, titanium white or zinc-titanium white.

The chemical composition of zinc white is zinc oxide, scientific name zinc oxide powder. Zinc white powder is slightly lighter than lead white powder, than lead white white, durable non-yellow, stable, dry color layer is more solid, but eat more oil, coverage is not as strong as lead white, dry slower, brittle and easy to crack. European painters started to use zinc white pigment since 1840. Zinc white will turn into lemon yellow when it is heated (under the direct sunlight), and will return to white when it is cooled. Zinc white is not toxic, it is cooler than lead white, and has a blue color tendency.

Titanium White, the chemical composition of titanium oxide, is an inert pigment, not affected by climatic conditions, has a strong covering power, is a pigment produced in recent times. Pure titanium white color dries quickly and turns yellow easily after drying, so it is often mixed with zinc white. Zinc titanium white not only reduces the brittleness of zinc white, but also improves the shortcomings of titanium white used alone. Titanium white and zinc white have the same advantages of non-toxic. Zinc titanium white is currently the larger amount of white pigment in China.

2. Commonly used in the yellow category are chrome yellow, cadmium yellow, vine yellow, earth yellow

Chrome yellow is neutral lead chromate, a very beautiful 'slightly warm color, non-toxic. Produced according to different methods of production lead chromate can range from the lightest lemon yellow, light yellow, medium yellow, dark yellow up to orange. Chrome yellow is marketed with a chrome color, such as medium chrome yellow. Chrome yellow covering power, opaque and fast drying, its stability with its color shades and obvious changes, the deeper the color the more durable, light chrome yellow heat or years will be darkened, so Van Gogh (sunflower), the sunflower, the sunflower, the sunflower, the sunflower, the sunflower, the sunflower, the sunflower. Gao's (sunflowers) and other oil paintings in the chrome yellow, initially far from the present fantastic, but bright and blinding. Chrome yellow and universal blue and stability will improve, but chrome yellow can not be adjusted with the color of sulfur, adjusted easily after darkening black. Chrome yellow can not be blended with lead white. Now on the market chrome yellow has been rare.

The chemical composition of cadmium yellow is cadmium sulfide. Yellow oil painting color is cadmium yellow, its light resistance is very good, can not change color for a long time, non-toxic, very stable, dry slower. In addition to medium yellow, oil painting color in light yellow, dark yellow, orange is also cadmium color or cadmium sulfide and other pigment mixing color, these are very stable color. There is also a cadmium lemon yellow, which is much more stable than lemon yellow, but has poor coloring power. It turns orange in direct sunlight. Cadmium yellow has a stronger covering power and can be used in harmony with almost all pigments, reacts to uncommon copper pigments, and tends to darken after blending, and blends with chrome green, and the color deepens after drying.

Earth yellow is a mineral pigment, which is a natural iron compound and can be synthesized. There are two kinds of gold earth yellow and earth yellow in China. Foreign production of light earth yellow and deep earth yellow, is the best stability of the yellow color, has a strong coloring power and coverage, after drying the color layer is solid, and can be mixed with any pigment.

The stability of chrome yellow, cadmium yellow, vine yellow is not good enough, the domestic permanent yellow is more stable, can be used in place of other light yellow. In addition, cobalt yellow is a bright transparent color, more stable, but difficult to manufacture, and not easy to adjust with ultramarine, the domestic production.

3. Red category, commonly used vermilion, cadmium red, cochineal red, rose red, earth red

Cinnabar is cinnabar, its chemical composition is mercury sulfide, slightly toxic. Domestic cinnabar quality is stable, is a superior pigment. Cinnabar pigment for oil painting dries slowly, has strong covering power, and is more durable when used alone, but it will darken under direct sunlight. When ancient masters use vermilion, the surface is coated with a layer of wax or a kind of transparent protective color, vermilion and copper-containing colors are easy to blacken, and the specific gravity of the lighter colors (such as blue) will appear in the color phenomenon of blending.

Cadmium red is cadmium sulfate and cadmium selenide, can replace the vermilion, can be made into red, deep red, purple and other colors. Cadmium red color is bright, thick crack, has good coverage, long drying time, exposure to sunlight will gradually darken, cadmium red and cadmium yellow can be blended into orange, avoid and copper-containing color mixing, in addition to any color mixing and durability without discoloration.

Carmine red is cochineal, is extracted from the color of cochineal insects, non-toxic, very bright and beautiful, but the stability of the poor, regardless of scattering or direct light are fading.

Rose red used to be extracted from the root of the plant Rubia cordifolia. Now the factory production of rose red has been synthetic alizarin red, more stable, drying time is long, can not be used alone thick coated, too thick and thick color is easy to darken, adjusted to thin dry easy to fade.

Earth red is a mineral pigment, has a good stability and strong coverage, after drying more solid. Poor quality earth red, drying easy to brittle crack.

All reddish color powders are lighter in specific gravity and tend to flood easily with higher colors. In the process of using red oil paint color, generally can not be adjusted too thick or too thin. The red pigments used by the European Old Masters were different from those used today. Red volcanic ash and red clay were often used by painters; they were stable and strong, but the color was not vibrant enough. Iron red powder (iron oxide) is now used by painters only as a base color. Permanent red is a coal tar color precipitation pigment, similar to vermilion, with bright and more stable color.

4. The common blue and green colors are ultramarine, cobalt blue, sky blue, blue, blue, green lotus, gemstone emerald green, emerald green, medium chrome green, cobalt green, earth green, pink green

Ultramarine: it was firstly made from natural semi-precious stone (jade lapis lazuli) grinding, which has a beautiful and crystal clear color, and it is very expensive. Today, a synthetic ultramarine is used, which is extremely stable, has poor adhesion, average coverage, dries slowly, and is suitable for transparent painting. It can be blended with any pigment except for a slight reaction with copper pigments (gemstone emerald green). Violet is produced from Ultramarine and has the same properties as Ultramarine.

Cobalt Blue (Cobalt Oxide): the most stable of the blue colors, medium coverage and drying, suitable for transparent painting, best used alone. Do not use on the color layer that is not dry, mixing too thick, easy to dry and crack. Cobalt violet and cobalt blue have the same characteristics and belong to the same class of pigments.

Sky blue: a similar color to cobalt blue, with a certain stability, slightly green, bright, pure and dense. Durable and easy to dry.

Prussian blue, also known as Paris blue, is a compound of iron and cyanide, extremely strong coloring power. Stable and dry faster. Reconciliation with lead white, cadmium color, earth red, will play a role in oxidation, after a long time will make the picture brown.

Qinglian: an arsenate color, general stability, poor light resistance, easy to fade.

Jade emerald green: strong stability, weak coverage, crystal clear color, is a transparent color with light specific gravity, can be used for transparent painting.

Emerald Green also known as emerald green: rich color, the most stable color in green, dries slowly.

Medium Chrome Green: good coverage, dries slowly, excellent stability, reactive with cadmium yellow blends.

Cobalt green: general coverage, dries quickly, can be reconciled with a variety of colors, good stability.

Earth green: it is a kind of brownish earth pigment, easier to dry, has good covering power, the color is warm but not very sharp, can be reconciled with any pigment, very stable.

Pink green: it is developed from the extraction of natural minerals containing iron, it has good covering power, can be blended with any color and is stable.

5 brown and black oil paint

Ochre: it is derived from iron ore with excellent stability, there are yellow ochre and red ochre, it is the most commonly used color by the ancient painters, with strong covering power, easy to dry and sturdy. Nowadays, most of the ochre sold on the market is synthetic ochre, which is more transparent than natural ochre, stronger and more durable. Raw ochre and cooked ochre are colors made from compounds containing iron and manganese. Cooked ochre is more stable in watercolors and less stable in oil colors, especially do not mix it too thick. Raw ochre is even less stable than mature ochre, and neither color covers well.

Raw Brown and Aged Brown: Both pigments are darker in color and are natural earth pigments. Raw brown has a slight greenish tendency, while ripe brown has a slight reddish tendency, which will be stronger over the years. Cooked browns are lighter in specific gravity and tend to come up through the color layers. These two oil painting colors dry fast, and other colors mixed with dry faster, when used alone, do not paint other colors before its color layer is not dry, or the screen is easy to crack after drying. That is to say, when using it as oil base, it must be dry before use, and can't be adjusted to be too thick when used alone. Because of its light specific gravity, classical oil painters often use it for transparent painting. Brown pigments extracted from coal tar and bitumen are not stable due to the presence of impure substances. If the blend of light oil on the screen for transparent painting, can be used to copy the European classical works.

Ivory black: It is the bone black made by roasting the animal bones under the condition of isolating air. As the oil painting color stability is very good, not easy to crack after drying, is the most pure black pigment. It can be used with any pigment, and it is the best variety of black pigment produced in our country at present, which has the possibility of producing cracks when it is used alone. When used alone, there is a possibility of cracks. Only a little bit of other pigments can avoid cracks.

Coal black: it is the pigment produced from coal smoke. It has a cold tone, good stability, dries slowly, and can be used with a variety of pigments.