Ruili's Population Ethnicity

At the end of 2011, the city's total population (including Chinese nationals who have lived in Ruili for more than half a year) was more than 200,000, of which 119,700 were urbanized. Of the total population, 76,800 were ethnic minorities, including 55,200 Dai, 13,400 Jingpo, 17,899 De'ang, 840 Lisu and 441 Achang. The population density is 178 people per square kilometer.

The Dai

The Dai are one of the main ethnic groups living in Ruili. Distributed in the Ruili River along the sister phase and the island, Mengmao three townships. Ruili Dai most of the indigenous, part of the migrant from other places, due to regional differences, the Dai in the region is largely divided into Dai Le, Dai Mou and Dai De three language branches. Dailer means Dai above, i.e. the Dai who migrated from the north or the east. Their living customs and housing are similar to those of the Han Chinese in Luxi and other places, and they are also called Han Dai, and their main settlement is in Mengmao Township. Dai Mao, the descendants of the local people, still preserve the simple customs of the Dai, and like to live in bamboo buildings with sunbeds. Dai De, meaning the Dai below, that is, from the territory of Myanmar moved into Ruili Dai, also known as "water Dai", customs and Dai Mao close. Mainly live in Ruili River along the sister phase township, the island township and Meng Mao town. Dai Mao and Dai De have name without surname, climbing relatives by blood relationship, especially to the matrilineal blood, name milk name and Paga name. In addition to Dai Le and Dai Mao, Dai De with milk name and Paga name, because of the study of Chinese need to take the name of the school, the school name with a surname. Ruili Dai language belongs to the Zhuang-Dong branch of the Zhuang-Dong language family of the Sino-Tibetan language family. The Dai language used is "Litowo" and "Lidongman", among which, Dai Le learns Chinese or "Litowo" Dai language, Dai Mao learns "Lidongman" Dai language, and Dai Mao learns "Lidongman" Dai language. "

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Jingpo People

The Jingpo people originated on the Tibetan Plateau and are descendants of the Qiang people. About a thousand years ago, their ancestors migrated southward along the Jinsha, Nu and Nmekai Rivers until the 17th century, when they gradually settled in the mountainous areas around Dehong, more than 300 years ago.

The Jingpo people have their own language and script. The Jingpo language belongs to the Jingpo branch of the Tibetan-Burmese language family of the Sino-Tibetan language family, and the scripts are all spelled out in the Latin alphabet (there are two kinds of scripts: Jingpo and Zaiwa). The word "Jingpo" comes from the Jingpo branch of the Tibetan language, and its original meaning is interpreted as "human being", and its present meaning is not only the self-proclaimed name of the Jingpo branch, but also the name of the Zaiwa, Long'e, Lerzhi, and Polla branches, which are collectively known as "Avalanche Jingpo" (崩用景颇). The Jingpo people living in Ruili are also known as the "Bunyun Jingpo". The Jingpo ethnic group living in Ruili is dominated by the Zaiwa and Jingpo branches. There are two kinds of dialects, Jingpo dialect and Zaiwa (Longjun) dialect, and a small number of Lezhi and Long'e dialects are similar to those of Zaiwa branch. Jingpo is one of the main ethnic groups in Ruili, and in 2008, the city's Jingpo population was 13,816, accounting for 8.2% of the city's total population. It is mainly distributed in the mountainous area from east to west, starting from the west in Yiga, which is across the river from Myanmar, and ending in the east in Chafang, Luxi, and Mengli, which is connected with Longchuan. From the distribution of each branch, Jingpo Branch mainly resides in Waiting Gar, Leilang, and Tolan; Long'e Branch mainly resides in Mengxiu and Nanjingli; Le period resides in Mengli and Nanjingli; and Zaiwa Branch has a larger number of people and is distributed in Toyu, Banling, Lengxian, Waiting Za, Mengdian, and Tovar.

Jingpo's cuisine, "pounded vegetables" can be called a masterpiece, which is quite popular because of its unique style.

Jingpo clothing. Among the costumes of the 56 ethnic groups in China, Jingpo costumes are more eye-catching, especially for women. Jingpo girls to the eye-catching colors are all collected in its body, red uniform skirt is the girl's hand weaving, a variety of rich ethnic atmosphere, national characteristics of the pattern and design cleverly woven on; black background of the upper garment decorated with many white silver bubble, silver, silver pendant, bright and cheerful style. This is one of the more traditional dress, other casual dress and new dress, in the Minnao Song Festival can be seen.

Jingpo people's marriage, is a unidirectional aunts and uncles table priority marriage. The daughter of the uncle's family is the daughter-in-law of the aunt's family. On the contrary, the daughter of the aunt's family can never marry the son of the uncle's family, which is a marriage rule of the Jingpo people that blood does not flow backwards. Their marriages are usually based on family name and are not limited to the family, which creates the relationship between the aunt's family and the husband's family in the Jingpo society. There are about five forms of marriage among the Jingpo people, namely, explicit marriage called "Miaoben", pulling marriage called "Miaochen", snatching marriage called "Miaolu", ordering young children to be married called "Miaodong", quiet marriage called "Miaolu", and quiet marriage called "Miaolu". fan Dong", quietly steal and then discuss the marriage is called "fan Kao", of which "fan Ben" is the most ceremonial and most orthodox form of marriage.

Jingpo people hospitality, guests into the home, stay food and accommodation, as family, friendly and close. Jingpo people have a lot of taboos, the past to Jingpo home to play, after entering the door to take off shoes on the stairs, into the house can not stand for a long time without sitting, shall not be casually in and out of the ghost of the door for the ancestors and gods; shall not casually touch the sacrificial stakes in front of the door of other homes, shall not casually touch the long knife and gun hanging on the shoulders of other people; are not allowed to play in the official temples, near the sacred tree guns, cut down the tree and urination and defecation; can not be farted in front of the people, or else it is considered to be impolite to the people; not by the owner's permission, not into the host's bedroom, not without the permission of the host. They are not allowed to enter their master's bedroom without the master's permission, and they are not allowed to look into other people's satchels without the master's permission. Riding into the village must be dismounted, the whole village rests during the sacrifice of the official temple does not work, in order to show respect to the gods, this period of time outside the village visitors can only enter and not allowed to leave.

Deang

Deang is one of the indigenous peoples of Ruili. Mainly distributed in Toyu Township, Manghai, Guangsong, Leigong, Mengxiu Township, Guangka, Leimen, Nansang, Menghu Township, He Nanmao and other villages. They live in the basin edge and subtropical semi-mountain slopes forests at an altitude of 900 to 1,000 meters, and their dwellings are more dispersed, with their villages sandwiched between the villages of Dai, Jingpo, and Han Chinese. The language of the De'ang belongs to the Wa Beng branch of the Mon-Khmer language family of the South Asian language family, and the De'ang language is divided into three dialects, namely, "Bray", "Ru Bao" and "Ruo Jin", but there is no written language. The Deang are mainly engaged in farming, planting rice, corn, potatoes, etc. They are good at growing tea, and are one of the best farmers in Ruili Mountainous Region. They are good at growing tea, and are the oldest tea farmers in the mountainous area of Ruili. Housing for the bamboo and wood structure of the pole and rail, bamboo is the main material to build a house, the main floor to live, downstairs off to raise livestock or storage of food, farm equipment. Young men and women are free to love, marriage has a certain degree of autonomy, but must abide by the principle of non-marriage with the same surname, some villages still preserve the custom of aunts and uncles table marriage, the implementation of monogamy. Men's clothing is mostly blue and black dickey coat, pants, wrapped around the head, more white youth, middle-aged and elderly with black, tattoo custom. Women wrapped in black cloth wrapped head, wearing navy blue or black lapel short blouse, dickey edge set two straight red cloth, and nailed on the large square silver buttons, hem with colorful small pom-pom decorations, with a long skirt, like to wear large earrings, silver collar, silver ear tube, waist lacquered red, black, yellow, green colors gabion waist hoop. Men and women above middle age mostly chew betel nut. They believe in the "Zuo Di" and "Duo Li" sects of Pali Buddhism and do not raise pigs, chickens, ducks and geese in their religious homes, but after liberation, they started to raise pigs and chickens. With rice as the staple food, they have a light diet and drink strong tea, often entertaining guests with simmering tea over a fire. Because of the same religious beliefs with the Dai, many customs are the same with the Dai, the main national festival is the Water Festival. In addition, there are "Open Door Festival" and "Close Door Festival", do "pendulum" and other religious festivals.

Lisu

Lisu is another ethnic minority in the mountainous area of Ruili, second only to the Jingpo, De'ang and Han. Mainly distributed in Ruili City, Mengxiu Township, such as Za Village Committee and Toyu Township, Banling, Ban Yang and other villages. They live in mountainous and semi-mountainous areas and are characterized by great dispersion and small settlements. They have their own language, which belongs to the Yi branch of the Tibetan-Burmese language family of the Sino-Tibetan language family, but it is not universal, and they generally use the Chinese language. Lisu pre-Qin period of the Qiang, the Han and Jin dynasty is part of the "old man", "Li Su" term first appeared in the Tang dynasty Fanchuo "barbaric book", the Song said "Shi barbarians", The term "Lisu" first appeared in the Tang Dynasty Fanchuo "book of barbarians", Song called "Shi barbarians", "Shun barbarians", Yuan, Ming and Qing called "Li some", "Lisu" and so on. They call themselves "Lisu". The Lisu belonged to the Tang Dynasty Wu Ban tribe, and the Yi language group in the Nuosu, Nasu, Nie Su tribes in ancient times have some affinity, and later developed into an independent ethnic group.

Women's costumes are largely the same as those of the Lisu along the Nujiang River, with hats strung with shells and beads on their heads, right-breasted tops, long linen skirts, waist-length light-colored shirts and dark-colored jackets. Hanging shells, material beads, silver coins, agate strings made of necklaces, clothing made of fine style, beautiful patterns. Men generally wear black and blue headgear, long and short linen coats, and long or short knives. Customs are influenced by the Han Chinese and Jingpo people, and there is not much difference between them. The traditional national festivals of Lisu people are "Koshi Festival" and "Knife Pole Festival". During the festival, the Lisu compatriots dress up and gather, held on the mountain of knives, under the sea of fire show, singing and dancing, all night long.

Han and other nationalities

Han is the main ethnic group in Ruili, second only to the Dai in population, belonging to the Sino-Tibetan language family. Moving into Ruili began in the Ming Dynasty, "three conquests of Luchuan" after the consolidation of the border defense, Chen Yubin in Mengmao built the city, and the big boom in the cantonment, leaving some of the Han also soldiers and farmers E pawns. Qing Dynasty to the Republic of China, especially the opening of the Yunnan-Burma Highway, after the rise of business, some Han merchants came to Mengmao. 1949, for the development of the border, the opening of state farms, a large number of Han from Hunan, Sichuan, Henan, Guizhou and other mainland migrated to Ruili. The most typical is the 1958 "Great Leap Forward" to build reservoirs, from Baoshan Baimiao Reservoir to migrate a number of farmers to settle in Ruili. 1968, "Cultural Revolution" period, and from Baoshan, Shidian, Longling, etc., a number of "poor propaganda team" settled. Poor propaganda team" settled in Ruili, so far, Ruili Han population soared, all over the city. As Ruili Han ancestors are mostly mainland, gradually into the border area, so the customs are roughly the same as the mainland. Other ethnic minorities because the population is small, so do not describe.