The development of Nanyin

There are many similarities between the ancient music of the Central Plains in the Yellow River valley of China and Nanyin, such as playing five tones first, discussing scales and Gongdiao; Rotation characteristics of palace angle around quotient and other polygons; The notation of Han Dynasty and the singing method and performance form of Han Lin's harmony song "Si Zhu Geng He, Sacrifice Song"; Three tones, three phases and five tones of Qing and Shang can be found in Nanyin. (stupid article: "the problem of standard pronunciation of southern sounds" has explained the above phenomenon in detail, so this article explains it. It is no wonder that there is a poem written by Su Jun, a cold Confucian in Jinjiang during the Wanli period of the Ming Dynasty: "The path is misty and rainy, and the sky waves are rolling." Jiangtou continues to clear the business songs, leaving a spring breeze and a guest heart. "Su Jun is Nanyin's lover. If it's not Nanyin, what does he mean by Shangqingqu? Therefore, in ancient times, Quanzhou Nanyin was probably also called Shang Qing Qu.

The reason why the ancient music of the Central Plains survived in Quanzhou Nanyin is not unrelated to the phenomenon of several large immigrants in history. Yongjia Rebellion (304 -309 AD), Jin people went south. Song Taiping's "Records of the World": "The eastern Jin Dynasty crossed the south, dressed in gentry, mined more land, and set up Nan 'an County (now Quanzhou) with blocking as the top priority. Jing Yun changed Quanzhou and Jinan County (now Fuzhou) in two years. " Archaeologists in Quanzhou have also continuously discovered a large number of gold tombs in Jinjiang Valley. Especially a few years ago, a Jin Dynasty tomb was found in Maoxia Village, Yufeng District, which contained funerary objects of "Buquyin", which is an important witness to this historical fact. However, in order to remind future generations of this historical fact, the Jin people who moved south renamed this river, originally named Nan 'anjiang, as Jinjiang to show their yearning for the golden homeland. After the death of the Eastern Jin Dynasty, Jin people who moved south to Jiangzuo 100 years still felt that Jiangzuo was not as peaceful and stable as the south, so they moved from Zhejiang to northern Fujian in small quantities and finally lived along the river in this southeast corner with pleasant climate, fertile soil and local security, just like Jinjiang River Basin in a paradise.

During the reign of Guangqi in Tang Xizong (885-887 AD), Wang Chao and Wang, brothers of Henan Uprising, entered Fujian, and according to the five states in central Fujian, they became kings and established Fujian. Migration time is short and long. His nephew, Wang Yanbin, set up a recruiting school in Nan 'an, and the gentry of the Central Plains, such as Huang Tao, moved south one after another, making the whole state a "seaside Zou Lu" for a while. At this time, Quanzhou's economy and culture are quite developed, and it is already a prosperous scene of "thousands of people are singing together". The southward crossing of Zhongyuan people not only brought advanced production technology, but also brought excellent music culture of Zhongyuan, which greatly promoted the economic and cultural development of Quanzhou at that time and laid a solid foundation for the prosperity of Quanzhou in the Song and Yuan Dynasties.

There are many Nanyin organizations in Quanzhou. According to records, it is the Royal Binnan Music Society of Jinjiang Shenhu, which was built in Chongzhen of Ming Dynasty for three years (1630). The early southern music organizations in Quanzhou included Yunzhuxuan, Shangling Pavilion, Shengping Opera, Return Air Pavilion and Return Air Pavilion Society. Almost all counties, cities and towns around Quanzhou also have Nanyin organizations. Especially in relatively wealthy towns and villages, Nanyin community activities are particularly active, and Fuqiao Town, known as Nanyin Cave, is one of them. This wealthy town is extremely rich in cultural landscape, and the moonlight on the Lijiang River makes people linger, and it also breeds many Nanyin people. In the evening, people often gather under the banyan tree by the bridge to listen to the old people telling my story about Li Jiu or the legend of taking over the Guanting Pavilion. The sound of strings keeps coming in the distance. In the middle of the night, people go home and pass by Zhou Xia Lane, the entrance of ancestral temple and Heguang Palace. The southern sounds are still bursting, and clear sounds and elegant music are endless. At that time, the prosperity of Nanyin on the pontoon bridge was evident. According to Cai Baihe, an 84-year-old artist from Shangxiazhou Village on the pontoon bridge, as early as 60 years ago, many experienced Nanyin artists opened a museum on the pontoon bridge to collect disciples and spread their skills. At that time, the "Linjiang Pavilion" on the pontoon bridge was famous outside the new gate. At that time, Nanyin Concert held in Wu Yanling 13 Township was an unprecedented event. In those days, people were in high spirits and decorated with lanterns and curtains everywhere. First, well-known organizations from Quanzhou and Xiamen performed on stage, and then 13 township organizations performed one by one. The wonderful singing of Linjiang Pavilion touched other famous clubs and pavilions. After liberation, the cause of Nanyin flourished. Nanyin Society has not only amateur organizations, but also professional organizations. For example, Quanzhou Nanyin Orchestra was founded on 1960 by Wang Jinsheng, the mayor who regards Nanyin as priceless. Over the past 40 years, it has not only trained a group of Nanyin professionals to play a key role in various regions, but also won many honors for Quanzhou in various competitions and visits. It is particularly worth mentioning that many amateur Nanyin clubs, which are active in the streets and lanes all the year round, have the most direct contact with the masses and are most popular with them. They greatly promoted the popularization and development of Quanzhou Nanyin. At the same time, Quanzhou Nanyin lovers and overseas Chinese also give support and financial sponsorship from time to time, which has made valuable contributions to promoting the cause of Quanzhou Nanyin.

In groups of three or five, family-style Nanyin singing is the most common in Quanzhou, which can be said to be everywhere. Meeting friends with music and expressing feelings with voice are the best choices for string friends in daily life. When the host treats new people, whether they are new friends or close friends, they will bring tea and porridge, and if they meet intimate friends, they will also prepare a banquet. The artistic charm of Nanyin makes them get along very well.

Mr. Feng Lu, a famous Cantonese opera composer in Guangzhou, said that in the 1920s and 1930s, the song "Dripping Water in the South" sung by blind people was popular in teahouses and brothels in Guangzhou. Later, actresses such as starlet and Moon became popular, the rap tradition in the city was gradually submerged by actresses, and the southern voice of Tushui tended to fade. In the 1940s, "Seven Sisters's Birthday" activities became more common in rural areas. In suburban villages like Zhucun, blind artists are invited to sing in the village for one or two nights on Tanabata every year. Most of her songs are lively tracks such as "Miss Luo Hong" and "Make a scene in Heaven". * * * After the founding of the People's Republic of China, those who advocate new culture and are full of "old flavor" are out of date and gradually disappear. As the birthplace and concentration of Nanyin, Quanzhou has always attached importance to and cared for excellent traditional culture and art. Folk orchestras and museums are almost everywhere in urban and rural areas, even at the end of the mountain. Fans voluntarily combine to entertain themselves, and orchestral sounds are everywhere. After the founding of New China, orchestras and public orchestras organized by cultural departments appeared for the first time in Quanzhou, and orchestras became new literary and art workers. They learn new things, serve the new society and make positive contributions. Since the reform and opening-up, Quanzhou stringed instrument has regained its vitality and vitality, and the number of folk stringed instrument groups has recovered and developed to more than 500. From 198 1 to 2005, Quanzhou has successfully held eight Nanyin concerts at home and abroad. From 1990, Nanyin entered primary and secondary schools and held a singing and playing competition for primary and secondary schools every year, which has been held for 20 times so far. Quanzhou Teachers College and Quanzhou Art School recruit students majoring in Nanyin and open up new channels for inheritance. For the protection and research of Nanyin cultural heritage, China Nanyin Society and Quanzhou Local Opera Research Association, which were established in 1985, have done a lot of arduous basic work and achieved fruitful results.