Tell me about the legend and development history of the Olympic Games. What did you learn from it?

The legend of the ancient Olympic Games:

The Olympic Games originated in the ancient Greek village of Olympia. In 884 BC, a war for Olympia took place between Elis and Sparta. Frequent wars at that time made ordinary people hate resorting to force and long for a peaceful life. After coordination, the two sides concluded a sacred treaty, which stipulated that Olympia was sacred and inviolable, and made it a sacred place for peace and a venue for competitions. Under the specific historical conditions of ancient Greece, the contradiction between war and peace was temporarily unified by sports activities. At that time, the rulers advocated sports competition because they could choose elite soldiers from the vast competitive team. Ordinary people are willing to take part in sports activities, not only because they can exercise bodybuilding, get entertainment and spiritual enjoyment, but also live a quiet life.

According to the regulations of the Games, a period of "Holy Truce" will be implemented throughout Greece before and after the Games (initially for one month, then extended to three months). During the "truce", no one is allowed to use the army to start a war, and offenders will be punished. In the competition activities, people enhance mutual understanding and strengthen unity and friendship through exchanges, which is naturally conducive to easing the relationship between the city-States. Therefore, unity and friendship became the pillars of the ancient Olympic Games. In addition, in ancient Greece, during weddings, funerals and harvest seasons, celebrations were often held to pay tribute to Zeus, the head of the gods. During the celebration, poetry reading, singing and dancing performances and sports competitions were held, which was also one of the important reasons for the formation of the ancient Olympic Games. When the Games first appeared, there was no unified organization, but they were scattered in Corinth, Athens, Olympia and other places, among which the Games held in Olympia were the largest. By the eighth century BC, sports meetings in other regions had disintegrated and started to be held in Olympia, which is why the ancient Greek Games were named after Olympia.

In 776 BC, the 1 ancient Olympic Games was held. It is held every 14 17 days (that is, every 4 years). In the first few sessions, there was only one sprint (192.27m), and later, long-distance running, long jump, javelin, discus, horse racing, racing and pentathlon (running, long jump, discus, javelin and wrestling) were gradually added. Of course, the method of competition is different from today. For example, in the long jump competition, athletes should hold dumbbells in both hands, accompanied by flutes. Another example is boxing, where athletes wear leather covers with spikes outside, which is more cruel than modern boxing matches. Participants in the competition were initially limited to adult men, and teenagers began to participate in the 37th session in 632 BC. According to statistics, there were 24 events in the ancient Olympic Games, including 8 events for adults/kloc-0 and 6 events for teenagers. Due to the gradual increase of events, the duration of the sports meeting was also increased from one day to three days, and later extended to five days. Most of the athletes (not all, such as armed competition, wearing clothes) are naked, naked and covered with olive oil. Therefore, nudity was all the rage and became a major feature of the ancient Olympic Games. There will be a solemn award ceremony at the sports meeting. The winner will receive an olive crown symbolizing honor, and the name of each winner will be engraved on the wall of the sports ground. In addition, for athletes who have won the championship three times, statues will be made for them next to the temple of Zeus to show their recognition and commemoration.

Participants in the Games are only Greek freemen, and slaves, foreigners and women have no right to participate. The requirements for women are particularly harsh. The Greeks thought that the sports meeting was a celebration, and it was blasphemous for women to participate. In addition, the sports meeting is a nude competition, which is inconvenient for women to visit. The ancient Olympic Games clearly stipulated that any woman who visited the sports meeting or participated in the sacred ceremony without permission was sentenced to death. However, at the 96th Olympic Games in 396 BC, a widow named Carly Padelia disguised as a man and took her son Pisidorus, a coach, to a boxing match, but she was finally found out and sentenced to death according to law. Later, because his father, brother and son won the championship, they got Amnesty. This is the only exception that ordinary women survived by peeking at the games in ancient Olympic Games. Although the ancient Olympic Games stipulated that women were not allowed to get their hands on them, the fate of women in the slave owners' aristocratic class was much better than that of ordinary women. In 680 BC, after the horse-drawn carriage race in the 25th Olympic Games was listed as an event, it was stipulated that the winner was not the player himself, but the owner of the horses and vehicles. The wives and daughters of female slave owners, nobles or dignitaries can hire people to participate in the competition and become indirect winners of the Olympic laurels. What's more, in the heyday of Sparta, Kuniska, the sister of Sparta King Asig Lahousse, defied the rules of the ancient Olympic Games by virtue of her brother's power and directly participated in the carriage race, becoming the first real female champion of the ancient Olympic Games. Later, Greek women held women's games on the grounds of paying homage to Hera, Zeus' wife. But when the sports meeting started, how big it was, and how many times it was held, I didn't take the test. However, women's games did exist during the ancient Olympic Games and were held in Olympia, Athens, Druce and other places. The competition was held after the Olympic Games and lasted for one day. The events of the competition are described in different historical materials, such as running, horse racing and javelin throwing. But as far as the cultural relics unearthed at present are concerned, there is only one race, and they are dressed in formal dresses.

From 776 BC to 394 AD, the ancient Greek Olympic Games were held 287 times. People divide it into three periods according to its origin, development and decline. 1. From 776 BC to 338 BC. This period was the golden age of the Olympic Games, especially in 490 BC, Greece built many Olympic facilities, which made the Olympic Games in its heyday. 2. From 338 BC to 146 BC, Macedonia retained the Olympic Games after conquering Greece. King Philip of Macedonia also personally participated in the carriage race. Later Alexander the Great still actively supported and added facilities for the Olympic Games, and regarded the Olympic Games as the highest form of sports activities in ancient Greece. Third, BC 146 to AD 394. The Olympic Games tend to decline. After the second century, Christianity ruled the whole of Europe, including Greece. It opposes sports, and the Olympic Games exist in name only. In 394 AD, the Roman emperor Theodosius I ordered the abolition of the Olympic Games. In 436 AD, Theodosius II burned down most of the buildings in Olympia. In 522 and 55 1 year, two strong earthquakes occurred in succession, which completely destroyed Olympia and made it a ruin.

Modern Olympic Movement

The development scale and level of the modern Olympic Movement have attracted worldwide attention. The Olympic spirit has been widely spread. People see that Olympism, as a cultural phenomenon, closely links ethnic groups with different skin colors and cultural backgrounds in the form of competition, which has a far-reaching impact on human social activities and human civilization. As a sports phenomenon, the Olympic Games is the most fascinating stage for human beings to explore the limits of physical fitness. Olympic records and medals have become lofty goals pursued by athletes, and the Olympic movement has become a global activity with great attraction, penetration and cohesion in many participating countries and regions.

From 65438 to 0893, at the suggestion of Coubertin, the father of the Olympic Games, an international sports conference was held in Paris to discuss the revival of the Olympic Games. 1894 1 month, Coubertin drew up the concrete steps to revive the Olympic Games and 10 issues to be discussed, and wrote to sports organizations and groups in various countries. 16 June, the "International Sports Congress" opened in Sorbonne Theological Seminary in Paris, with 79 delegates representing 49 sports organizations in 2 countries. 2000 people attended the opening ceremony. The General Assembly adopted the resolution of "Reviving the Olympic Movement". On June 23rd, the International Olympic Committee was established. The establishment of the International Olympic Committee marks the birth of the Olympic Movement.

When the first modern Olympic Games was held, there were few international individual sports organizations and there were no strict regulations on Olympic events, which were basically decided by the host country. Therefore, in previous Olympic Games, not only individual events changed greatly, but also major events were unstable. Some events that are not widely developed in the world are listed, such as polo, lacrosse, steamboat and squash. With the establishment of various international individual sports organizations, Olympic events have gradually stabilized.

In order to make the Olympic Games conform to the development of world sports, the International Olympic Committee stipulates that each summer Olympic Games must include at least the following 15 sports before it can be held. 1963, the international Olympic Committee determined the competition order of these major events in the summer Olympic Games as follows: track and field, swimming, wrestling, gymnastics, weightlifting, hockey, equestrian, fencing, rowing, boxing, shooting, modern pentathlon, sailing, basketball, kayaking, cycling, football, volleyball, archery, handball and judo.

From 1972 to 1984, the Olympic Games are fixed at 2 1. The 24th Olympic Games made a historic breakthrough, adding two major events, table tennis and tennis, which increased the number of major events to 23 and single events to 237 in the Summer Olympic Games, including men's 1, 5 1, women's 72 and mixed events 14.

At present, the Olympic Games include track and field, swimming (including diving, water polo and synchronized swimming), shooting, weightlifting, cycling, archery, basketball, volleyball, football, handball, hockey, gymnastics (including rhythmic gymnastics), fencing, international wrestling (freestyle and classical), boxing, judo, rowing and kayaking.

The examination and approval conditions for inclusion in the official Olympic events are as follows: the men's events of the Summer Olympic Games should be widely carried out in at least 75 countries on 4 continents, and the women's events should be widely carried out in at least 40 countries on 3 continents.

After 100 years of tortuous development since the birth of modern Olympic Games, it has become an important activity in today's international life. Today, the Olympic movement is almost all over the world. The Olympic Games has become a high-level comprehensive sports meeting that attracts worldwide attention. The Olympic motto "Faster, Higher and Stronger" has become a resounding slogan in the world sports world.

The modern Olympic Games are held every four years (leap year), Beijing in 2008, and London in 20 12.

At the beginning of this century, ice and snow sports have been widely carried out in some countries in Europe and America. 190 1 year, Scandinavian countries held the Nordic Games. Later, this competition formed a tradition and didn't end until 1926. Coubertin had long envisaged holding the Winter Olympics alone, and the International Olympic Committee had also discussed this. However, Coubertin's proposal was strongly opposed by Scandinavian countries. Representatives of Sweden, Norway and other countries believe that since there is already a traditional Nordic Games, there is no need to hold a parallel Winter Olympics. In addition, there were no winter events in the ancient Olympic Games. These countries threatened that they would not take part in the Winter Olympics if the IOC forced it. It goes without saying that if Sweden, Norway and other countries with relatively popular and high level of ice and snow sports did not participate in the Winter Olympics, they would lose their representativeness and people's interest in it.

After the problem of hosting the Winter Olympics alone ran aground, 1908 London Olympic Games was included in the figure skating competition for the first time, which aroused great interest. 1920 Antwerp Olympic Games, in addition to figure skating, ice hockey was added. Apart from figure skating and ice hockey, this Olympic Games attracted thousands of ice sports enthusiasts, and there were not many spectators in all competitions. This shows that the audience is very fond of this kind of events, prompting the issue of holding the Winter Olympics alone to be put on the agenda again. 192 1 During the Prague meeting of the International Amateur Athletics Federation, Norway, Sweden and Switzerland discussed this issue. At the 1922 International Olympic Committee Paris Conference, Coubertin tried his best to persuade the opponents, and finally succeeded, and decided to hold this kind of competition before the 1924 Summer Olympic Games. But avoided the word "Olympic Games". It is called the Eighth Olympic Sports Week.

Chamonix's "Eighth Olympic Week" has aroused great repercussions in the world sports world. Even Scandinavian rivals no longer doubt the necessity of the Winter Olympics. 1925, the IOC decided to hold the Winter Olympic Games and the Summer Olympic Games in the same year, but the duration is different from that of the Summer Olympic Games, which is calculated according to the actual number of meetings. And decided to officially name the "Eighth Olympic Sports Week" as the first Winter Olympic Games.

Starting from 1994, the Olympic Games will no longer be held every four years, but the Summer Olympic Games and the Winter Olympic Games will be held alternately, that is, an Olympic year will be ushered in every two years.

Now the Winter Olympics will be held the year after the Summer Olympics and the 2006 Winter Olympics will be held in Turin, Italy.

Disabled sports can be traced back to the rehabilitation activities organized by disabled soldiers on the European battlefield during the First World War, and it is the embryonic form of the development of modern disabled sports. 1948, Stoke mandeville National Center for Spinal Cord Injury held a sports competition for the disabled. At that time, only 16 disabled soldiers in a wheelchair attended. The sports meeting is held once a year, and its scale is gradually expanded to other countries. Since 1952, it has become an international sports activity.

1960, Italy held the first World Games for the Disabled. More than 400 athletes from 23 countries in Europe and America gathered in Rome to compete. 1976, Handicap International decided to merge the Stoke mandeville Games with the World Paralympic Games, and held the first International Paralympic Games in Toronto. More than 1000 disabled athletes from 40 countries took part in the competition.

1983 in may, the international Olympic Committee decided to set up a disabled event for the first time from the summer Olympic games in 1984. Since 1988, the disabled events in winter and summer Olympic Games have been listed as permanent events; Cities that bid for the Olympic Games must also bid for the Paralympic Games; Within one month after the Olympic Games, the Paralympic Games will be held in the Olympic venues of the host city.