Method of making poison

Oracle Bone Inscriptions in Yin Ruins made a pictographic "map" made of ancient poisons by taking pictures of things, that is, there were many kinds of poisonous insects in a "dish" container. Later generations created methods in a similar way. Combining ancient books with folk methods, there are several ways to make drugs.

Take all the poisonous insects out and seal them in a container, and let one of them eat the rest. Then, this live insect is called a method to extract toxins from it. For example, "Geography of Sui Shu" said: "The method is to collect 100 kinds of insects, the big ones are snakes and the small ones are lice, and put them in containers to make them self-sufficient and keep the rest. Li Shizhen quoted Chen Zangqi of the Tang Dynasty in Compendium of Materia Medica: "... put hundreds of bugs in an urn, and after years of opening, one bug will eat all the bugs, which is called ancient." Zheng Qiao's Tongzhi in the Song Dynasty also recorded: "The way to make a trick is to put a hundred insects on a plate and make them eat each other. What remains is a trick. "Contemporary Yan Yong and Fang Jisheng also recorded:" There are several kinds of spells in the scriptures, which were made by people in Guangzhongshan, such as insects and snakes, which were stored in utensils and listened to each other. He who has only one thing is a curse. "In the historical records after the Song Dynasty, anyone who records the method of poison uses this theory. For example, Lou Ying in the Ming Dynasty said in the Outline of Medicine that "the people of Guangdong and Guangxi use snakes, centipedes, dragonflies, frogs and other insects to store in the same container, so that they can eat themselves, and the winner sacrifices them for the spirit, takes their poison and eats with fruits and vegetables. "And the situation of strong women and strong livestock recorded in Red Cliff Volume and the situation of the second offspring recorded in Tunxi Fiber Record recorded in Danglu Ciyun. Gold silkworm magic was particularly popular in the Song Dynasty. Song Cai said, "The poison of gold silkworm began in Shu, near Huguang, Fujian and Guangdong." (1) Hong's "Southern Yunnan New Talk" also said: "gold silkworm is the most poisonous animal in Shu, which can take people's lives, take people's souls, convince people to steal money, and give it away when they are rich, so it is called marrying gold silkworm. "Legend has it that the gold silkworm method is shaped like a silkworm, and it is golden. People in the Tang Dynasty thought that gold silkworm's method was "bending like a ring, eating brocade and eating leaves like silkworms", so it was also called "eating brocade". Gold silkworm method: 12 bury various poisonous animals such as snakes and centipedes at the crossroads, take them out after 49 days, and store them in incense burners. This is the gold silkworm Act. It is said that this method is the most difficult to destroy because it is not afraid of muskets. There is a legend in Longxi County, Fujian Province that gold silkworm is an invisible thing that can do things for people. For example, if you want to transplant rice seedlings, show it one first, and it will plant a whole mu of seedlings. It is diligent in cleaning, and the houses of people who raise gold silkworm are very clean. As soon as I entered the room, I kicked on the threshold with my feet. Looking back, the sand on the threshold suddenly disappeared, and I knew that this family was observing the gold silkworm law. According to local legend, the golden silkworm method likes to eat people, and it will eat a person for several years. At the end of the year, the owner must settle accounts with it. If there are any extra ones, he must buy someone to feed them. Therefore, when settling accounts, the host will say, break 20 bowls, tell it, lose money without interest, and buy someone to feed it next year. However, the stories of Nanjing people are similar. They say that raising gold silkworm is a problem, and the gold silkworm method is usually put in a cold room with its back to the sun or in a place where no one is there. Don't let anyone know, otherwise it will be exposed and lead to fatal disaster. Gold silkworm can be deformed, sometimes shaped like a snake, or a frog, or a foot-tall child jumping around the house in a red trousers. People who raise gold silkworm seldom get sick, raising livestock is easy to grow up, there is no danger of death, and they can make a fortune. At the end of each year, the host will settle accounts with gold silkworm behind the door, saying that he broke a batch of bowls and spoons this year and lost a lot. If you say that this year is profitable, people in your family will gradually die, and the people who raise gold silkworm will not have a good result. This is called "eating the tail with gold". In this case, people will marry gold silkworm in time. The practice is to wrap a bag with cloth, and put silver, pollen and incense ashes at the intersection (that is, the gold silkworm method), and people who see silver eyes will naturally pick it up. If you take the silver bag by mistake, gold silkworm Law Society will follow him (Hui Xicheng: China Folk Customs Grand View, Guangzhou: Guangdong Tourism Publishing House, 1989).

The production method of Zhuang snake method: choose to catch mice, butterflies, lizards, scorpions, centipedes, poison bee (poisonous bacteria in the mountain forest rot after rain and become giant bees, with a sharp mouth and a length of 3 cm), wasps (the kind that nests in trees), green snakes, white snakes and green snakes (a kind of poisonous snakes). There are many poisonous animals with black spots and triangular heads, such as cobras and gold rings. Once a thing is lost, it is swallowed to the last live animal, suffocated to the last live animal, dried in the sun, added with poisonous bacteria, Datura flower and other plants and their own hair, and ground into powder to make the medicine. If the last living animal is a snake, it is called snake method, and so on, including butterfly method, mouse method, bee method, scorpion method, centipede method, lizard method and so on. Store these powders in a big bowl and put them under the bedside of the breeder at ordinary times. The breeder must also light a stick of incense at the bedside after the dead of night on the ninth day of every lunar month, put it in a big bowl (or a bamboo tube full of rice), then kowtow to the magic bowl, close his eyes slightly and recite a spell: Tell you, Grandpa, there is always respect for kneeling down to worship you, he said. If yes, repeat it three times. This is the case every month, and there can be no mistakes to show sincerity. It's terrible to use it to harm people (according to my notes of field investigation in Wuming County and mashan county, Guangxi, the time is 1989 ~ 1992).

Pumi people make magic: put snakes, bees, butterflies and so on. Put them in an earthenware pot and let them eat each other. Finally, the rest are made into potions, including snake magic, bee magic, butterfly magic and so on. If taken, it will cause diarrhea, abdominal pain and eventually death (Song: Witchcraft and Witchcraft, Chengdu: Sichuan Nationalities Publishing House,

Yi people's method of making tricks: every year during the Dragon Boat Festival, they go to the wild to catch poisonous insects, put them in old pottery pots, let these insects kill each other, and the last one can be raised. The keeper threw away the dead poisonous insect, put the raised things in a pottery vessel, covered the jar mouth with a red cloth wrapped in five-color lines, and fed it with the owner's spit every day. After many years, it became magic (Report on the Social Investigation of Lisu People in Yunnan and Gongshan Fugong by the Library of Southwest University for Nationalities, 1986, edited, printed and published).

In some ethnic minorities and Han areas along the Jinsha River in Yunnan, there are also some legends about feeding methods:

The method of magic tricks on the Jinsha River in Yunnan: They are very devout in raising magic. It is said that before raising magic, the main hall should be cleaned, and all the family members should lead an honest and clean life and be vegetarian. After kneeling in front of the ancestral temple to pray for ghosts and gods, you should dig a big pit in the middle of the main hall and bury a big urn with a big mouth and a small belly. On the fifth day of the fifth lunar month, we will catch 12 kinds of reptiles in the wild, generally poisonous snakes, eels, centipedes, frogs, lizards, earthworms, giant caterpillars, mantis ... But it should be noted that animals that can't fly are not needed, and animals that can run on all fours are not needed, as long as we catch some poisonous reptiles back on the Dragon Boat Festival, otherwise we can't keep them. After putting these 12 reptiles into the urn, all people in the host family, big or small, will pray to the ghosts and gods once in the morning and evening, and never let outsiders know when praying. If outsiders know about it, the method they raised will be taken away by the wizard with witchcraft and used by the wizard, and the family who raised the method will die. Even if it is not taken away by the wizard, it will immediately hurt the master. In a year, many poisonous insects devour each other in the urn. The poisonous ones ate less, the strong ones ate the weak ones, and finally there was only one left. After swallowing other poisonous insects, this poisonous insect has changed its shape and color. Legend has it that there are two main methods of raising here: one is the dragon method, which looks like a dragon and is made by long reptiles such as poisonous snakes and centipedes; One is the Kirin method, which looks like a unicorn and is probably transformed from short-lived reptiles such as frogs and lizards (Hui Xicheng: China Folk Customs Grand View, Guangzhou: Guangdong Tourism Publishing House, 1989).

Making method of Sichuan Yi venom: The making method of snake venom in Sichuan Yi legend is to hang Zaocys upside down on a tree, dust it with a thin stick and let it swing. Its bottom is made up of nine earthenware bowls. Saliva, foam and blood from Shekou are put into the bowls, and the venom seeping into the ninth bowl is dried for later use. Put it in cold rice, cold water, cold tobacco rod or wine for others to eat. Once you eat the snake method, you will feel bloating after two days, and then you will feel dull pain (this shows that the small snake has taken shape). Two months later, you will have abdominal pain drama (this shows that many small snakes have grown up and make a living by biting and feeding. After half a year, they can grow to chopsticks thick and five or six inches long, and they can eat up people's liver). After eating eggs, the pain will be relieved (this shows that the snake is eating eggs instead of biting the intestines, so the pain will be relieved). The patient especially wants to eat green vegetables, can't eat, and vomits violently. After eating sour, cold, bean soup, fried noodles, chicken, female pork and mutton powder, abdominal pain, bloating and vomiting are more serious, the body is emaciated, the complexion is yellow, the spirit is poor, the pulse is slow, the body temperature is low, the stool is dry, the diarrhea is not stopped, and the blood is not healed. Some people can die within six months, or they can wait more than a year. The method of leeches is to kill a chicken, cut it open in the place where leeches are the most, and leeches will automatically concentrate on the chicken (preferably flat, black and yellow), then dry the leeches and grind them into powder for later use, and put them in cold water, cold rice, cold tobacco stems and cold wine for human consumption. It is also said that blood, egg shells and human ear wax should be added to leeches. The idea is that leeches come from blood roots and black blood, which complement each other; Eggshell contains calcium acid, which can limit and slow down blood toxicity; Human ear wax mainly enhances toxicity. Once eaten by leech method, abdominal distension, abdominal pain, diarrhea, string, or blood stool and vomiting will occur within 7 days. After eating sour, cold, bean soup, chicken, female pork, mutton and fried noodles, abdominal distension, abdominal pain and vomiting will be worse, and the symptoms are the same as those of snake method. After thirty or forty days, people become thin, upset and thirsty. He can die after three or four years, and the course of disease can reach 10 years. The production method of cowhide is legendary: firstly, dry cowhide is soaked in water, after maggots are born, the maggots are dried and ground into powder for later use; The second is to cut off the skins of several spinning parts of cattle and bury them in the soil, and then take them out to dry and grind them into powder after rotting. Put it in cold food for people to eat. Vomiting, abdominal distension, abdominal pain and bleeding after eating cowhide. Severe cases can die within two months, and the course of disease can reach 10 years.