Development of Wuyue Culture

Wuyue culture is inseparable. In the past long historical period, wuyue belonged to the same family. For thousands of years, they have lived in the same area without geographical barriers. Everyone uses the same language, has the same habits and customs, and belongs to the same race and lineage. Of course, it's hard to tell them apart. The only exception is often on and off in politics, that's all. Of course, due to thousands of years of political disputes, it often leads to a large number of population movements (such as the demise of the Western Jin Dynasty, the northern clans and refugees moving south; At this time, it will bring some "foreign cultures", such as "Central Plains Culture" and "Qilu Culture". The result of interaction and integration is that the cultural connotation will be richer, which may be called hybrid culture, but it is actually "Jiangnan culture".

The first period-the wuyue era at the end of the Spring and Autumn Period. According to historical records, the State of Wu was founded by Taibo at the end of the Shang Dynasty in the12nd century BC, but there is no record of the activities of the State of Wu for hundreds of years. Until after the 6th century BC. The exact date can be found in Wu. From 5 14 BC to 496 BC, the state of Wu defeated Chu and became a tyrant in the south with the assistance of Wu Zixu, minister of Chu and Sun Wuzi, minister of Qi. In the future, he will send troops to the north to dominate the Central Plains.

The history of Yue was not recorded in more detail until the 6th century BC. At that time, Chu adopted the policy of "uniting Vietnam to control Wu", which made wuyue attack each other. At that time, the famous king of Wu, He Lu, was wounded and died in a Vietnam War. On his deathbed, he told his son Focha to take revenge. Focha did not disgrace his father's life. In the future, he conquered Gou Jian, the king of Yue, and then invaded the north to compete for the Central Plains. Next came Gou Jian, the King of Yue, who tried his best to get revenge. After "ten years of reunion, ten years of lessons", Wu was finally destroyed. Forza committed suicide. Gou Jian, the King of Yue, also dominated the Central Plains. This touching history has a wonderful description in the history books. At this time, there are a series of heroes and beauties in wuyue, including: He Lv, Fu Cha, Wu Zixu, Sun Wuzi, Gou Jian, He Shi. Today, two years later, this history is still a household name.

Culturally, Sun Tzu's Art of War is the most representative classic work in this period. Sun Wuzi, a Qi man, was recommended by Wu Zixu to He Lv, the king of Wu. Wu Zixu and Sun Wuzi assisted He Lv and Fu Cha's father and son for two generations, winning every battle, dominating the Central Plains and bringing the State of Wu to its peak. Later, Wu Zixu was killed by Fu Cha, and Sun Wuzi also disappeared. There is no clear explanation in the history books. After the defeat of the famous soldiers, in 473 BC, Wu was destroyed by Gou Jian, the king of Yue. Sun Tzu's Art of War was completed 2,500 years ago, and it is a world-recognized classic of military science. Is this part of Wu-Yue culture? Sun Wu himself is a Qi native, that is, a Shandong native today. But Sun Tzu's Art of War was experimented in wuyue, so it might as well be called "miscellaneous culture"! In addition, there is an important person whose words and deeds have a strong influence on later generations. This man is Fan Li, the prime minister of Gou Jian, the King of Yue. Without Fan Li's help, Gou Jian may not be able to avenge Fu Cha. However, after the death of Wu, he drifted to Shandong to do business. He settled in Tao Tao, which was later called Tao Zhugong. When he left, Fan Li wrote to another minister, Wen Zi, thinking that Gou Jian was a man who "can get into trouble, but can't get rich" and suggested that Wen Zi retire together. If you don't retreat, you will be killed by Gou Jian in the future. At that time, Fan Li created a good model that had a great influence on later generations, that is, "retire after success". Li Bai, a great poet in the Tang Dynasty, said, "Those who failed to retire in ancient times will not retreat after success." His examples are the unfortunate experiences of Wu Zixu, Qu Yuan, Li Si, Lu Ji and Lu Yun. Until modern times, Zeng Guofan, a famous minister of ZTE in the Qing Dynasty, retired from agriculture after pacifying the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom, and set a good example of "retiring after success"? As far as native place is concerned, Fan Li is a native of Henan, which can be said to be a mixed culture.

The second period-the Three Kingdoms period. At that time, Wu Dong was full of talents, excellent in politics and military affairs, and showed a high cultural level. Famous figures at that time, such as Sun Quan, Zhou Yu, Lu Su, Zhu Gejin, Lu Meng, Lu Xun, Lu Kang, Lu Jiyun, three generations of grandparents and grandchildren, plus prime ministers Zhang Zhao and Gu Yong, were all famous figures in the history of China. In particular, it should be pointed out that the military achievements of Lu Xun and Lu Hang, the literary achievements of Lu Ji and Lu Hang, and the outstanding political performance of Prime Minister Gu Yong have far-reaching influence on later generations. These people are not all wuyue natives. They are the embryonic form of Jiangnan culture.

In the third period-the Eastern Jin Dynasty, Emperor Jinyuan established the Eastern Jin regime in Jiangzuo. The ministers around him, such as Wang Dao, are all northern imperial families. However, it is quite remarkable to take wuyue in the south as the main base, to fight against the northern aliens and to completely preserve and develop the traditional culture of China. For example, Xie An, a celebrity who made a comeback at that time, lived in Shangyu next to Shaoxing. It is admirable that a celebrity who lives in seclusion in the mountains can fight a vigorous water battle as soon as he comes out of the mountain and save half of the southeast. Another example is the achievements of calligraphers Wang Xizhi and Wang Xianzhi in calligraphy, which can be described as the best in ancient and modern times. As for the achievements of Xie Lingyun's family in poetry, they occupy a considerable position in the history of China literature, and even Li Bai deeply admires them. It can be seen that the children of Wang and Xie can not only have a water fight, but also have a literary and romantic side. Their ancestral home is not in wuyue, but they grew up or were born in wuyue. Their brilliant achievements can be said to be typical "Jiangnan culture". The so-called "romantic life in Wei and Jin Dynasties", that is, Jiangnan culture once shone brilliantly in the history of China.

The fourth period-the Five Dynasties Tang wuyue period. As mentioned earlier, the State of Yue, established by Qian Miao in the late Tang Dynasty, always maintained its own title. It was not until the Qian Miao era that it surrendered to Song Taizu peacefully, and its descendants could enjoy happiness forever, ending in comedy.

The fifth period-Southern Song Dynasty. If there is a historical celebrity Gong (Fan Zhongyan) born in Suzhou since the Northern Song Dynasty, this cannot be ignored. Fan Zhongyan is not only a great politician and strategist, but also a great writer. Try his Yueyang Tower. His literary talent is enough to shock your soul. In particular, his work "The Pride of Fisherman" (Qiu Lai's scenery is unique) is enough to make him immortal in the history of China literature.

Lu You in the Southern Song Dynasty was also a great poet. He is a native of Shaoxing and a representative of the real "Jiangnan culture". However, he has been an official in central Sichuan for a long time and loves the local customs in central Sichuan. Therefore, he named his poem "The Draft of Poems by Jian Nan", which may be called a kind of "miscellaneous culture". Lu You's famous article: "When you die, you know that everything is empty, but you can't see Kyushu sadly." Julian Waghann decided to go north to celebrate the Central Plains Day, and I didn't forget to tell you about the family festival. "

Another poem by Lu You can better express his complicated feelings of returning to his hometown in Western Sichuan. He lived in Shu for a long time, then suddenly returned to Beijing with a letter. Where is Jing? In my hometown Lin 'an (Hangzhou). At this time, he was a little uneasy. On the one hand, he is reluctant to leave Chengdu, where he has lived for a long time. On the other hand, he is really a "teenager leaving home". I am afraid that he will not recognize a few relatives and friends when he goes back. Let's take a look at this song Nanxiangzi: When you dream of Cao Wu, Shui Yi Jiangcheng has a long way to go. Look at the arrival of the first parrot in Nautilus Island, and watch the smoke trees disperse in Wuchang in the sunset. Worried about the need for a new cream to dye the royal fragrance in clothes. It's sad to make friends with the old and the young in my hometown, but I'm afraid my hometown will be better than my hometown! This first word, psychological description, nuanced, "the whole word is beautiful, picturesque, euphemistic and sad, with infinite sadness." Nowadays, many people living in Taiwan Province Province, the "second generation from other provinces", also feel this way.

Lin Tong (Mr. Lin Hejing), another great poet in the Southern Song Dynasty, was born in Hangzhou. He lived in seclusion for a long time in the lonely mountain of the West Lake, interacting with nature and standing aloof from the world. "Wife Mei He" is a beautiful talk through the ages. His writing is graceful, graceful and graceful, and his style is far-reaching, which can really be described as "writing as he is". His poem "Sauvignon Blanc" sent away the infinite grievances of women and melted into the amazing scenery of the National People's Congress. This is the most touching aspect of "Jiangnan culture".

The sixth issue-Modernity and Modernity. As mentioned earlier, no matter in the political revolution and ideological and cultural innovation in modern times, the south is the locomotive, pushing the people of China forward and creating a new era that shocked the whole world, and the role played by Jiangnan is almost crucial. It is enough to look at the changes in Shanghai, Suzhou and Hangzhou in the past 100 years.

Suzhou and Hangzhou, referring to Suzhou and Hangzhou, represent Jiangnan and are praised by Chinese people.

Guo Wei and Lu Xun. Wang Guowei is from Haining, Zhejiang, and Lu Xun is from Shaoxing, Zhejiang. Both of them are from Wuyue. Wang Guowei is not only a master of history, but also a master of literary criticism. His research on Oracle Bone Inscriptions has achieved remarkable results. Although he only has a thin book, Thorns on the Earth, he is an immortal masterpiece in literary criticism. Lu Xun is a fearless soldier. He should "scream" loudly to awaken China's sleeping soul and never back down.

Jiangnan culture is an important part of China's history and culture. If someone can sort out the information belonging to wuyue from China's voluminous ancient books such as Twenty-four History, the content must be very impressive.