What are the origins and introductions of Chinese guqin?

When Qin originated, its basic development history, especially its early evolution, has always been a puzzling question. People speculate that the history of guqin is 3000 years. Luo Zhenyu, a famous scholar, believes that the word "music" in Oracle Bone Inscriptions in Shang Dynasty is "attached to wood from silk, and the image of musical instruments is also." It can be said that it is one of the existing pianos of Shang Dynasty.

The Book of Songs is one of the earliest documents in China. It was written in the middle of the 6th century BC and contains 305 ancient music songs from the 6th century BC to the 6th century BC. Among them, the records of Qin appear repeatedly between the lines, such as "My Fair Lady, Friends of Qin and Seraphim", Qin and Seraphim beating drums to rule Tianzu, and so on. At that time, Qin had widely penetrated into all levels of social life.

Confucius once classified 305 songs in The Book of Songs as string songs, which was actually the earliest collection of Qin songs. Since Shang Dynasty, Qin has a history of at least 3000 years. But in the ancient legends of China, it originated from earlier ancient times.

The legend about Fuxi's piano-making is the most common in the literature records of past dynasties. For example, in the Book of Rites, it is said: "Fuxi system takes wife's skin as a gift and takes playing the piano as a pleasure." Now there is also a saying: "Fu is used to playing the piano, and he is naive to cultivate his morality."

Throughout the ancient literature and legends, there are Shennong, Huangdi, Tang Yao and Yu Shun. There is a saying in Yi Fu's Fu Qin in the Eastern Han Dynasty: "At the beginning of Shennong's system, the sound was changed to perfection." Go ahead. "The Book of Poetry" also said: "Shennong made a piano, which is seven feet and two inches long." Qian Feng wrote historical records, starting from the Yellow Emperor, which laid the foundation for most material civilizations in China.

The genealogy of ancient emperors, whether in Yu Xia, Shang and Zhou Dynasties, is based on him. The legendary Yellow Emperor has a very strong mythical color. He not only learned the rules, but also wrote a piano piece called Puritanism, which shows that the origin of the piano is also related to this. In the eyes of future generations, Yao is the embodiment of virtue and sage. In ancient times, many documents publicized Yao as the founder of Qin music.

For example, Emperor Century Day: "Yao wrote Zhang Da, so that no sentence is a banjo and the world is harmonious. Therefore, jing xing shines on the sky, dew is on the ground, Zhu Cao was born in the suburbs, and the phoenix ends in Tingjiahe, which is longer than mu. " In the History of Qin written by Zhu in the Song Dynasty, Emperor Yao was listed as the first in the book: "When Emperor Yao was alive, ... when writing a big chapter, the piano sounded solid and harmonious!" .

There are many records about Shunban Zhuoqin in the literature. For example, in the Book of Rites, there is a description that "those who are used to playing banjo will enjoy the princes".

Extended data

Qin is a musical instrument with rich cultural connotation. Judging from the shape of the piano alone, it can be said that it is full of charm.

The length of a piano is generally about three feet six inches and a half (about 120- 125 cm), which symbolizes 365 days a year (just like 365 degrees on Sunday). Usually about six inches (about 20 centimeters) wide. Generally about two inches (about 6 cm) thick.

Qin was first made according to the shape of a phoenix, and its whole body corresponds to the phoenix (or human body), including head, neck, shoulders, waist, tail and feet.

The upper part of the "piano head" is called forehead. The lower end of the forehead is inlaid with hardwood supporting strings, which is called "Moon Mountain", also known as "Lin Yue", and is the highest part of the piano. There are two sound grooves at the bottom of the piano, the larger one in the middle is called "Dragon Pool" and the smaller one at the tail is called "Phoenix Marsh". This is called going up the mountain and down the river, and there are dragons and phoenixes, which symbolize the world.

There is a hardwood strip named "Lu Cheng" on the forehead of Yueshan Mountain. There are seven "string eyes" on the table, which are used to tie strings. There are seven "Qin Zi" under it for tuning. On the side end of the piano head, there are also "phoenix eyes" and "guards".

From the waist down, it is called "the end of the piano". The end of the piano is inlaid with a kind of hardwood "Dragon Gum" with shallow grooves, which is used for threading. The decorations on both sides of the dragon glue are called "crown angle", also known as "focal tail".

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