Traditional Culture Encyclopedia - Traditional stories - Speaking of Qi Jiguang, we all know that this famous anti-Japanese soldier, the knife used by Qi Jiajun, is well known.

Speaking of Qi Jiguang, we all know that this famous anti-Japanese soldier, the knife used by Qi Jiajun, is well known.

Qijiadao, an ancient weapon in China, pays attention to eighteen kinds of martial arts. People often hear about swords, swords, halberds, axes, tomahawks and forks. Knife ranks first here, which shows its position as a secondary weapon in the battle. The most popular Dao in China history is Ming and Qing Dao, and the typical Dao is Qi Jiajun's Dao, which went through Ming and Qing Dynasties. However, in Ji's book year, the Qi family mentioned that long Dao was introduced from Japan, but did not record the actual training year of Wu Bei in his later years and the influence of Japanese Dao on waist Dao. The broadsword book has a narrow blade and a curved blade, but it is closer to the Yuan Liu broadsword mentioned above in shape. Neither my other works nor the historical records of the Ming Dynasty found the word Qijiadao, nor did I find it imitating the Japanese broadsword. At present, Qingrong has only one poem, that is, I am very happy to go to Qijia Island today. According to Qi's self-report, waist Dao has no shoulders and is advantageous, especially the tip, which is quite different from Japanese Dao. Ridgingpick builds the blade body and cutting tip. Secondly, the waist knife is used with one hand, not with both hands; Third, broadsword became the main weapon of cavalry in Ming dynasty, but Japanese broadsword was not suitable for riding in Ming dynasty, and was mainly used for foot combat. Therefore, people here cautiously speculate that Qi's waist Dao is made by imitating Japanese long Dao, which should be the speculation of future generations. Although Yuanyang changed the situation that short weapons were difficult to connect and long weapons were unsuccessful when the Ming army dealt with Japanese long knives, the reason was that the cooperation of long and short weapons restricted the development technology and ability of Japanese long knives, rather than the S-steel armor method that was widely spread after later generations learned about the achievements of Japanese long knives. Another popular saying is that Qi Jiguang changed the imitation Japanese broadsword into a curved handle, which is convenient to hold with one hand. But in fact, before the Anti-Japanese War, the Yanling and hilt of Yuan's broadsword were bent, and most of Qi's two works and books were bent. Of course, it is hard to deny the influence of Japanese swords, which can be seen on many broadswords in the late Ming Dynasty. After all, this is one of the main trends in the development and evolution of Ming swords. But objectively speaking, this influence or evolution is a long-term process, which began at the beginning of the Ming Dynasty or even earlier and reached its peak at the end of the Ming Dynasty. It is totally unnecessary and should not be attributed to Qi Jiguang's reputation or performance based on personal preference or hope. As for the word Qijia Dao, if it really existed at that time, the author just took it as the title of Qijia Army, and the shape of this Dao was the same as that at that time.

His Ming army broadsword is not much different, nor does it mean to imitate Japanese broadsword. At the same time, this word is closer to describing Qi Jiajun's knife method with rattan cards.

From the use and equipment of broadsword in different stages, we can see that broadsword and other weapons will inevitably evolve with the needs of war. When a war develops to a certain stage and scale, its victory or defeat depends not only on the level of a certain weapon, but also on the fact that no weapon can be omnipotent or impeccable. So is the knife. Different knives have different uses. One-handed broadsword directly hits Japanese sword with both hands, which naturally means losing more and winning less. But under the protection of bamboo wolf bag and rattan card, you can also make meritorious deeds by killing the enemy. All this was caused by General Qi Jiguang. Under his efforts and influence, the use of China Dao and its position in the war reached another peak in the future. Xie Laiyang, Xu Mingfu, Gong Song, in the same year, engraved "The Story of Southern Tang Dynasty", and now they like knives. The knife is as light as paper and as light as water. Ten years ago, when I lived in Yuji Town. Yue Jiajun of the Qi family in Dengzhou recorded the first place in casting knives. Recalling Zhejiang and Fujian, CCBA is filled with smoke. You can stay awake and energetic for 300 years. After several rounds of circulation, the success of Jinan Post is like an arched wall. Silver letters have not changed fashion, and owls are stained with blood. Today, I held a festival in Laiyang, dismounted and went straight to Hou Xu Hall. Bao Xu gave a knife, knowing that he was safe. There is no doubt that thousands of trees are born, and the bow of Chu is strange through the ages. That is, there is no point in defending the border today. How to get to the Guandong general? Beiyang navy didn't care, and invested 26 million. So the poor island is arrogant, and the sea is full of shrimp. The imperial court ordered me to command the rural soldiers. Hou Xusheng was about my age. Pitching the southeast half of the sky, drunk and tearful. Shape characteristics: Although Japanese broadsword has a deep origin with Japanese broadsword, it is quite different. From the point of forging structure, most of them are embedded steel structures with soft body and hard blade, which is different from the steel structure with hard outside and soft inside of Japanese broadsword. From the point of view of heat treatment and quenching, iron can be quenched and heated as a whole, and Zhou Sinong's blade does not need to be coated with soil like a Japanese knife. The process is economical, but the effect is the same. From the combination of stem and stem, the traditional tail rivet fixation method is used instead of eye nail fixation method. From the wearing method, the double hoop hanging method is adopted, not the belt insertion method. From the appearance, it is a traditional China knife ornament, not a Japanese knife ornament. The above three knife types truly and vividly reflect the development process of waist Dao in Ming Dynasty. First of all, the Ming dynasty inherited the system, and weapons will first inherit the shape of the Song dynasty, which is the orthodox Central Plains culture. At the same time, it will receive some Song Dao who survived the war. Secondly, the Yuan Dynasty ruled the Central Plains for more than 80 years. Mongolian and American cold weapons, especially their machetes, are quite advanced and reasonable. It is a very logical thing to absorb its advantages and make some changes in appearance and appearance for the use of the Ming army. In addition, although the Timur dynasty in Central Asia was overthrown, it was still a big country in the western region with frequent exchanges and long-term trade. In the early Ming Dynasty, Timur sent envoys to North Korea many times, and there were many high-quality wrought iron, broadsword, sword, armor and other things in the tribute. According to records, in the 25th year of Hongwu, Wan Huni Guibuting and others paid tribute to North Korea, including 84 horses, 6 camels, 6 cashmere, 9 green shuttles, 2 red and green Saharan horses, wrought iron, knives, swords and armour. According to records, in Bing Xu and Xifan Heiwu, in February 2004,11men and women came to pay tribute. In addition to a large number of camels, horses, mules, donkeys and jade articles, there are wrought iron and four waist knives. The list of waist knives in the event of red shark skin target, black oblique skin sheath and sesame flower cross-arm chopping is probably the reform of Mongolian machete in Yuan Dynasty. Imitate Japanese kni

Square: This kind of fittings is the most common. The parts on the handle mainly have a small folded oval knife block, the front of which is oval, and the part facing the blade has a narrow vertical edge, some vertical and some slightly floating outward. Between the two parts on the handle, there is a tiger's mouth called an edge with a rectangular cross section and a trapezoidal edge; The tail of the knife is a fan-shaped cuboid, called the cutter head. There is a round hole near the end of the knife. This round hole is used to thread a hand rope. One of the functions of the hand rope is to decorate it beautifully, and the other function is to wrap the rope around the hand. Knife is not easy to get rid of in practical use, so the handle is mostly square and flat. The wood of the handle is generally cork and made into a rectangle. The middle is hollowed out to let the handle pass through the wooden handle, and the end of the handle is riveted with a gasket at the end of the tool. Four-petal melon shape: There is another kind of block that is more common, commonly known as papaya block. The front of the block is four-petal melon-shaped, which makes the block divided into prism type and block type. The edge height is very low, only 5-8mm, small and exquisite. This kind of fittings is usually made in the late Ming Dynasty. Some paintings are flat, thick in the middle and thin in the edges, usually made of iron. Some flat blocks have a circle of piping on the outer edge, and the piping with complicated process can be carved. This kind of wood block is older. The lower edge of this wood block is generally oval, and the cross section of the cutter head is also oval, so that there is also a hand rope on the handle, so that the handle is mostly square and flat. The head of the handle is bent downward into an eggplant shape: this structure is quite special. The cutter head is an arc-shaped iron sheet as a riveting gasket, and the arc-shaped iron sheet wraps the second half of the handle. The whole handle rolled down like a cloud with a rope hole in the middle. The edge of the handle is very narrow and oval. Knife guards are mostly four-petal melon-shaped hand guards, mostly made of iron, so that the handle is mostly a narrowed rat tail handle, and the hand rope is opened on the wooden handle without passing through the iron handle. Generally, iron pieces are decorated with staggered silver, and there are many kinds of decorative patterns, such as staggered silver dragon, China herringbone and seawater cliff. There are many bronze ornaments, some of which have a strong sense of relief. Blade forging is an important historical stage in Ming Dynasty. During this period, China Dao not only kept the traditional forging technology of China, but also began to learn more complicated forging methods from West Asia and Japan. Forging in this period is an era of great technological integration. The forging of Qijia Dao is generally divided into two types, one is obvious pattern effect, and the other is fine pattern without pattern. Both of them use the method of clamping steel on the blade to treat the blade, and the length of the blade ranges from 680 to 780 mm. Most of the forged Qijia knives with obvious patterns are in Shanxi and Hebei, and the patterns are like flowing water and rotary welding, and the forging technology is mostly from West Asia. The other pattern is not obvious, but the fine texture is irregular, so the blade is bluish white steel. These two kinds meet the requirements of multi-iron refining and pure steel blades. The blade should be 100% steel, and the blade should be pure steel, so that the whole is rigid and flexible. Judging from the existing preserved Qijia Dao, there is almost no Japanese forging method. The biggest feature of Japanese forging is that soft iron is the core and steel is wrapped. The forging method is complex and has good performance, but the cost is too high. Because of the monopoly of steel knife technology, iron steel knife with steel blade has been used for simple treatment to achieve the goal of giving consideration to both rigidity and flexibility. Qijiadao learned the posture of Japanese Dao and changed the previous style as a whole. When one foot steps on the handle, the posture of the knife begins to bend, which we call reverse. Some Qijia knives are relatively straight, with a small inverse ratio, while others are relatively large, which should be related to the different scales grasped by craftsmen in different regions during the production process. The part of the blade near the hand stop is wide, generally 28-35mm, and it is in the

Qijia Dao consists of a flat knife and a pickaxe. Qijia's flat knife type either has no pickaxe line at all, or the pickaxe line is relatively flat, but it shows some performance. Ming army should learn Japanese Dao and adjust it according to its own characteristics. The Ming army does not have to pay attention to the polishing of the blade like the Japanese, but pays more attention to the overall efficiency and manufacturing cost. The overall strength of this type of Ming Dao is very good, which is very suitable for battlefield operations. So Qi Jiguang specially edited it. In the late stage of Qijia Dao, there is also a blood groove on the blade. This kind of knife was also used in the early stage, but it basically disappeared after the middle stage. The development of firearms in Ming Dynasty was gradually mature in War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression period. Long-range guns have basically replaced guns and bed crossbows. However, firearms used by individual soldiers, such as muskets, are not completely practical because of the time-consuming loading. Therefore, traditional weapons such as knives, spears, bows and arrows are still the basic equipment of infantry, and have undergone significant changes due to the invasion of Japanese invaders. At that time, when the Japanese army was at war with the Japanese army, the weapons in their hands were often broken by sophisticated Japanese knives, causing heavy casualties. Later, a thick-backed machete was developed to resist. Although it is not easy to break, once the frame is cut from the front, the blade will often turn over and even hurt the enemy. And it is very heavy, far less flexible and heavy than Japanese Dao. The biggest difference between Qijia Island and the enemy mountain city is the different stems. The length and width are different. Different from the fixing method of the handle, Japanese knives use eye nails to pass through the eye nail holes, and Qijia knives are mostly tail rivets. The so-called Qijia Dao, in a narrow sense, refers to the Dao used in the army, and in a broad sense refers to the Dao produced in the Ming and Qing Dynasties after Qi Jiguang, which is similar to Qi Jiguang's improved knife method. This kind of knife draws lessons from the radian style of Japanese knife to some extent. Generally, the handle is straight or bent forward and downward, not backward, which is in line with the habit of China people. The forging of Qijia Dao meets the requirements of Qi Jiguang and the United States. Iron should be further refined and the blade should be made of pure steel. The blade should be 100% steel, and the blade should be pure steel, so that the whole blade is both rigid and elastic. Judging from the existing Qijia Dao, almost none of them were forged in Japan. The biggest feature of Japanese forging is that soft iron is the core and steel is wrapped. The forging method is complex and has good performance, but the cost is too high. It is not suitable for large-scale operations, so China has always adopted the method of clamping steel at the cutting edge to achieve the goal of combining rigidity with flexibility. Qijiadao learned the posture of Japanese Dao and changed the old style as a whole. The Ming army did not have to pay attention to the polishing of individual tools like the Japanese, but paid more attention to the overall efficiency and manufacturing cost. Unlike expensive Japanese knives, it may not be widely promoted. The overall strength of this type of Ming Dao is very good, which is very suitable for large-scale battlefield operations. Therefore, Qi Jiguang specially arranged the cutting method of this knife. In the late stage of Qijia Dao, there is also a blood groove on the blade. This kind of knife was also used in the early stage, but it basically disappeared after the middle stage. In 38 years, the Qi Army was established in Yiwu, Zhejiang, with a total strength of 4,000 people, mainly farmers and miners in Yiwu. Hundreds of battles have never failed since I joined the army. The famous wars are: the battle of Taizhou in Jiajing forty years, the battle of Jingjie, Huajie, Shangfengling, Tengling and Changsha. Thirteen battles and thirteen victories, killing more than 3 thousand real Japanese, not counting the killing and drowning; The battle of Fujian, with a total strength of 6000. After three battles of Lindun Yuheng, more than 5,000 real enemies were wiped out. Among them, the battle of Yuheng is a wonderful step-by-step artillery battle. First, use artillery to sink the enemy ship and bombard the enemy, and then the commando troops landed to break through the enemy's own position and kill the enemy leader. Cargill forty-two years

Qi Jiajun's fame is not due to Qi Jiguang's resignation. Zhejiang soldiers sown by Qi Jiajun have always been the main force of national defense in the late Ming Dynasty. During the Korean War in Wan Li, Zhejiang soldiers made their debut in Pyongyang and made great contributions. Many of them are Qi Jiguang's old men, such as the veterans who conquered Peony Peak. Du Yuan's poems were originally written by 20,000 Zhejiang soldiers. The reason why Qigujun won every battle is because Qi Jiguang's thought of running the army is very advanced. With the most advanced weapons and equipment in East Asia, powerful general guns with breeches, large-caliber firearms, muskets, Japanese knives, real armor and Qi Jiajun's equipment are definitely the first in East Asia and the forefront in the world. You know, in 30 years, Japan's most powerful Samoyed Corps will have 20,000 muskets, but only two light machine guns. It was not until the edo period that large artillery began to appear in Japan. As a local army, Qi Jiajun's firearms in the United States are even as advanced as those in Kyoto. Qi Jiajun's victory is also based on strict and even harsh military laws: if the war is weak, the defeat, the main death, the followers are all beheaded; Partial to death, ten thousand people beheaded; Thousands of people died in battle and their men were beheaded; Hundreds of people always die, and all flags are always cut; Flag forever dead, its captain beheaded; The captain died, but without me, his soldiers got nothing. All ten soldiers were beheaded. The reward for beheading is also very generous, with 40 taels of silver for each level, so that every soldier can go all out until victory or defeat. Qi Jiajun Qi Jiajun's strict discipline is also famous all over the world, but anyone who acts as a nuisance during the war will be beheaded in public, so Qi Jiajun can win the support of local people no matter where he fights.