How to be a small reporter?

To be a good reporter, you must have a solid basic knowledge of Chinese.

A person, in order to achieve a goal and an ideal, must have enough conditions as the foundation and make unremitting efforts to succeed. The same is true of wanting to be an excellent journalist.

To be a good reporter, we must first have good ideas, solid cultural skills and excellent writing skills. Only in this way can we achieve the goal of spreading news with the fastest speed, the most accurate language and the most appropriate style. If a small reporter wants to find news, dig news and even compete for news, he must be good at "listening" to what others say and understand it accurately and profoundly; "Say" to others, concise and wonderful; "reading" other people's articles can quickly grasp the center and highly summarize and refine the center; To "write" an article for others to read, be clear-cut, clear-headed and to the point. ...

In a word, to be an excellent reporter, you must have higher and stronger listening, speaking, reading and writing abilities than others. Our Chinese is the main subject and course to cultivate the ability of listening, reading and writing. Therefore, if you want to be an excellent reporter, you must learn Chinese well and have a solid basic knowledge of Chinese. In extracurricular activities, actively participating in "Little Reporter" activities can stimulate students' enthusiasm for learning Chinese, thus improving their Chinese ability. You can try if you don't believe me.

First of all, we should learn writing knowledge from reading.

Reading is the key.

No matter in or out of class, when learning Chinese, you should always read as many other people's works as possible, and learn from these works how the author observes, thinks, expresses his feelings, chooses words and sentences, and seeks the layout of the article. So as to achieve careful experience and in-depth understanding, to achieve the purpose of communicating the author's thoughts and hearts, and to improve their ideological understanding and writing ability.

1. Learn to read roughly as a whole.

When reading an article roughly, we should first understand the outline and find out what the author told us. By doing so, it is convenient for us to mobilize the old knowledge in our minds, understand the author's writing intention and prepare for a deeper understanding.

For example, we read an article by my comrade-in-arms Qiu. After a cursory reading, we can get a general idea that the author is telling a story of a hero. The story happened in the War to Resist US Aggression and Aid Korea in the early days of the People's Republic of China. If the enemy is strong and we are weak, we must find ways to defeat the enemy. Qiu is a hero who emerged in such a combat mission. At this time, we should understand that the time of the war is 1952. The "War to Resist US Aggression and Aid Korea" refers to the invasion of the Democratic People's Republic of Korea by the United States, and China set up a "volunteer army" to help the Korean people fight the invaders. Qiu is a volunteer soldier. The battle was fought on Korean soil. ...

When reading carefully, you should deeply understand the meaning of the article.

With the above work, the next step is to experience the taste word by word and find out what the author said and what he was telling us. After careful reading, we know that in the battle between ourselves and the enemy, the enemy is clinging to a highland. With the enemy in this highland, our volunteers can't advance smoothly. But at that time, the enemy was strong and we were weak, and if we wanted to seize the highlands. We must hide the soldiers under the eyes of the enemy and wait for a sudden attack before we can win. Qiu was sent to hide. After reading these, we can understand why Qiu would rather be burned alive than move-because the troops must be hidden so that the enemy can't find them. Once discovered by the enemy, all comrades-in-arms will be sacrificed and the battle will not be won. So how do we know Qiu's greatness? What is reflected to us is the details introduced in the article, which is realized from our analysis of specific words. "He can put out the fire by jumping out of the fire and rolling on the spot." From this sentence, we know that Qiu is not without opportunities and ways to survive. Just for the safety of his comrades and the victory of the battle, he would rather sacrifice himself than expose his goal in violation of discipline. Isn't this spirit of risking one's life and forgetting one's death great?

3. Experience the skills expressed by the author when reading again.

The author enthusiastically praised the great warrior, but not by a slogan or two, but by clever means. After we know the detailed plot of the story and have a deeper understanding of the words, words, sentences and paragraphs, we will find that the praise expressed by the author permeates every detail. When the fire reached Qiu, the author wrote: "The fire burned on him for more than half an hour before it gradually went out." Seeing the victory of the battle, the author said: "It took only 20 minutes from the launch of the charge to the end of the battle." Judging from our daily life experience, the gap between 30 minutes and 20 minutes is not very big. But from the article, we realize that the 30 minutes that the hero was burned to death is so long. Because the author couldn't wait for the fire to go out at once. At the beginning of the battle, the sudden attack was successful, and the anger in the warrior's heart suddenly came out. generate felt that the enemy had not killed enough, and the enemy was dead, so the time was particularly short. From this, the reader will understand who the author loves and hates at once.

Find out what the author wrote in reading; Tell us what through these contents; How does the author express his feelings? This is an article on understanding.

(B) from the middle school composition appreciation.

It is important to understand a passage, an article or a work, but it is not enough. We can also get more nutrition from works that are both literary and beautiful, and get great inspiration. We can savor beautiful words, ponder the author's beautiful heart, learn the author's skillful writing skills and learn the author's style of using language.

For example, Mr. Lao She, a well-known great writer, has many works selected for our teaching materials. From his works, we can not only learn the knowledge involved in the article, but also gain more spiritual wealth by appreciating these excellent works.

Raising Flowers is a good article that many people are familiar with and even recite. By studying "Planting Flowers", we learned the author's beautiful heart of loving flowers and plants and life. Knowing that the author lives in a quadrangle in Beijing, has leg disease, and often relaxes his muscles with flowerpots when writing ... It can be seen that while enjoying beautiful articles, he can also learn from the author's tenacious struggle spirit.

1, learn to "choose materials"

Mr. Lao She is a world-famous great writer. He has a lot to write about state affairs, world experiences and friends. However, he chose "flower cultivation" in daily life as the content of the article, and wrote such elegant tastes and pure and true inner feelings. This is what we want to learn. When it comes to pens, students often frown and shout "no writing". In fact, you should calm down and think about it. We have our own joys and sorrows in life, so many partners and relatives have contacts all the time. There are many things that can be used as writing themes, but we didn't think about the little things around us as seriously as Mr. Lao She did, so that we lost a lot of good materials.

2, learn to "conception"

Perhaps many people have raised flowers or are raising flowers, but it is not easy to make the meaning of "raising flowers" so "transparent". Mr. Lao She said: "There are joys and sorrows, smiles and tears, flowers and fruits, and fragrant colors. Work and study. This is the fun of growing flowers. " I told you the meaning of planting flowers. Of course, it depends on the love of life and careful observation and feeling. Every day, there are classmates who have never cried or laughed. Whether they cry or laugh, there must be a reason, that is, there are stories. How many people have thought about it? This is why when we write an article, we can only put out one thing and write nothing-because we don't think much.

3. Learn to "express"

Mr. Lao She used to write articles in Beijing dialect, which made readers feel so kind and clear. The article "Growing Flowers" is just like chatting at home. It is written naturally layer by layer and makes everyone feel interesting. There is no fixed pattern and method for writing articles. Combined with the content to be written, if the article level is arranged according to a certain number of relationships, the effect will be good. Of course, we should work hard on words, phrases and sentences, and write them clearly sentence by sentence. When you write, your thoughts are clear and others can understand it.

(C) it is necessary to accumulate language materials

I have read many articles and learned many ingenious writing methods from appreciation. But when you try your hand in writing, there will be a situation that "there are fewer annoying words when you use them". This is a problem that most students have encountered or have encountered. To solve this problem, we should pay attention to the accumulation of language materials at ordinary times.

1, don't forget to be diligent in the process of reading.

Extract good words from the article, collect good chapters or the whole article, or cut and paste, or collect books, sort them out, and store them from less to more. You can even save your excerpts in your computer, which is more convenient to consult and use.

2. Store knowledge and accumulate knowledge.

Just because you have accumulated words, sentences and paragraphs doesn't mean you already have them. You should be familiar with them again and again, and let them become the wealth stored in your mind.

Once you are moved by the scene and want to describe those objects, relevant words, sentences and paragraphs can come to your mind, as if you can reach out and get them. So you can choose, rework, combine and write your own articles.

3. Practice repeatedly and boldly.

In writing, we should boldly try the good words and sentences we have mastered.

We should make a comparison in application to see if we really express our feelings properly, so as to enhance our ability to master these words and sentences. There are many opportunities for practice, such as contributing to the class blackboard newspaper, school magazine and newspaper office. As long as you carefully observe and think about your life, and boldly apply your knowledge of Chinese, society and science to your articles, you will surely write a good manuscript. Step by step is the only way to improve the writing level.

Second, be good at digging writing materials from daily life.

(A) there are many writing materials in life.

Students should cultivate a wide range of hobbies. Pay more attention to people and things around you, see more nature, listen to insects and birds, and you will find that life is really colorful. It has both heavy homework and happiness and pleasure. There are teachers' preaching, parents' exhortation, and personal laughter and jumping. You will find that everything around you is changing quietly, the seasons are changing, the streets are changing, and the students are growing day by day ... You will find that life is meaningful and valuable. In fact, this colorful life is an inexhaustible source of material for our writing practice. If you want to draw "material" from this source, you should do the following three things.

1, learn to observe

Learning to observe means paying attention, listening carefully, thinking seriously and memorizing attentively. If you are determined to be a small reporter, you must learn to consciously discover and capture fresh and interesting materials that can attract everyone's attention.

2. We should seize the fresh and vital things.

Some students try to save energy. When you do writing exercises, you should first look for reference books and turn over some "excellent works" and "complete works". In the end, it was just a cold meal. Although it can "work", it does not always write innovative works. This bad habit is something we should get rid of. Some people like to take the old road. As soon as they write that the teacher cares about the students, they aim at "making up lessons" and "repeating them until they understand" Can't you write a scene where teachers guide students to overcome themselves and cultivate strong will? Can't you write about the process in which teachers respect students' personality and interact with classmates like confidants? We hope that students will have a new understanding, new content and new perspective when practicing writing.

3. Pay attention to personalized materials.

There are more than forty students in a class. As soon as I write about helping others, twenty or thirty people write about giving up their seats on the bus. Who can believe such an article? Who can read it without getting bored? We should try to write what others have not written.

(2) Extraction center from unearthed objects.

The composition class is the teacher's topic and the center, and the reporter should process it into written materials according to the interview records to give the article a clear center in the face of unexpected events without fixed topics. Therefore, we should pay attention to the practice of excavating writing materials from real life and decide the appropriate theme so that readers can get accurate information and leave a deep impression.

1, know what you are writing.

A material often contains many meanings and can be written from different angles. It is often very important to choose the angle of writing and decide how to start. This determines what kind of center the article should determine.

2. Understand why you write like this.

Sometimes, a material, seemingly ordinary, is just a small tidbit in life, and there is nothing to say. Actually, it's not. If we look at it from another angle, it will have a deeper meaning, but we are often only half a step away. A writing material, if you think deeper from another angle, may have a broader and deeper connotation.

Third, we should practice the skills of layout planning.

The characteristic of a good article is that it can be read and read.

Looking through all kinds of articles in ancient and modern times, from voluminous "great works" to a poem and a famous sentence with only a few words, such as Qu Yuan's Li Sao, Sima Qian's Historical Records and Li Bai's Thoughts on a Quiet Night, why are they still loved by people today after thousands of years?

During the "ten years of turmoil", there were countless articles with strong "gunpowder smell". Why have they long since disappeared from people's memory? A little poem "Where is Spring" that reflects children's inner feelings, but it was written as a song and widely sung? The reasons are nothing more than the following:

1, the work has true feelings.

Whether it is pain or happiness, whether it is love or hate, the feelings expressed by the author in the article should be true and sincere. Who doesn't miss his hometown and relatives when he is in a foreign land and coincides with the festive season? Li Bai's Thoughts on a Quiet Night will naturally arouse people's * * *. When you read the book Red Rock, can you realize how much the author loves, cares and worships heroes like Jiang Jie and the old woman with two guns? How much I hate traitors like Zhigao Pu. The author is like this, and so are all of us. The book Red Rock is very popular with everyone.

2. The author has superb writing skills, and his works give people a sense of beauty.

When you read "the hedge is sparse and deep, and the flowers on the tree head are not shaded." . When children chase Huang Die and fly into cauliflower, can you not be impressed by the author's superb writing skills? In a few words, what an interesting picture of spring scenery is outlined, and it is reasonable. Children are careless and impatient, butterflies are yellow. If they melt into the golden cauliflower field, of course, there is nowhere to find them.

If you want to be competent for the work of young journalists, you must strengthen the training of writing skills and improve your writing ability.

(B) a reasonable structure is the basis to ensure the quality of the article

1, what is the structure of the article?

The structure of the article we are talking about is simply that the article should be divided into several paragraphs, and each paragraph should be divided into several layers. This point should be made clear in the article and should be designed before writing.

Secondly, it is necessary to arrange the cohesion between paragraphs, how to start and end an article, and what the meaning (or aspect) of each layer should say first, all of which should be arranged before writing.

Many students who study writing do not start from this link, but are eager to write some specific content, which often gets twice the result with half the effort.

2. Arrangement structure is the basis to ensure the quality of articles.

From our understanding of the structure, we should design how many articles to be divided into, which part is in front, which part is in the back and how to connect before writing. In fact, you must think about this in everything, otherwise you will inevitably make the mistake of "doing the opposite". For example, if you want to write something, but don't write the time and place where it happened, is that ok? If you want to write about a person but don't explain his last name clearly, how can readers know who you are describing?

Take only one report as an example to illustrate:

(1) News clue: Some people just want to make money for themselves, but they are dismissive of "environmental protection" and "caring animal friends" and start killing frogs. A reader called and provided a news clue.

(2) Reasonably arrange the structure of the article: The author writes about the people who did this kind of thing-three men, and what they did, from the place where it happened-a small market, which is detailed, concrete and convincing, and describes the example of buying a "frog" aunt with physical photos. This article has become a powerful weapon to attack bad social phenomena.

Of course, the author also does not forget to work hard on skills: with a rhetorical question, "Are we also pests?" The topic catches the reader, and the first sentence begins with a question: how to treat friends, should we kill friends for petty profits? It makes people anxious to know the details. Finally, "quoting classics" says that protecting frogs is a well-known thing, which shows the seriousness of the matter.

The article has clear thinking, clear narration, clear views, clear purpose and rigorous structure, and the quality of the article is of course high.

(3) Writing people and things have their own structural laws.

To be a good reporter, it is common to write about people and things. How to portray a character well and reflect his unique mental outlook; How to describe a thing and reflect its essence clearly and accurately has become our essential basic skill.

(4) The article runs through.

We write articles, of course, to express our feelings and express our central ideas. Therefore, an article should be a complete and interrelated whole. Only in this way can we highlight a center and the article will have touching power.

1, how to make the content coherent?

(1) When observing and describing things, we should pay attention to the internal relations of things themselves and make clear the cause and effect. Only in this way can the article be organized.

(2) Pay attention to the coherence between sentences, which is the basis of the whole article.

(3) Pay attention to the coherence between paragraphs and make good use of transition and care.

transport

Is to connect the meanings between contexts back and forth.

Different types of articles have different transition ways.

Narrative writer's article:

When flashback and interpolation are used, transitions are required.

Time conversion needs transition.

Writing about different aspects requires transition.

Write an article about scenery:

Writing travel notes, visiting notes, and changing spatial positions all require transition.

Write a common-sense article:

Meaning transformation needs transition.

Reporting: For example, in The Great Friendship, Engels not only enthusiastically helped Marx in his life, but more importantly, they cared for each other, helped each other and cooperated closely in the capitalist cause.

Transitional sentence (used at the beginning or end of a paragraph)

Transition words: because, so, however, of course, but, and so on.

coordinate

What is caring?

Citation is a means to coordinate and echo the contents of an article. What is mentioned above should be clarified or dealt with later.

The role of references

With the care in the article, the content of the article can be clear, continuous, complete, well-structured and impressive.

Reference method

A, time care;

B, care of the place;

C, care for the characters;

D, concern for the central event;

E, concern for things;

F, itemized statement of holistic nursing;

(4) Write the beginning and end of the article.

The beginning and end of the article are part of the article, which is also a very important part.

The beginning of an ordinary article

Cut to the chase and go straight to the point;

Explain the situation and introduce the background;

Describe the scenery and introduce the text;

Ask questions and make people think.

Common article endings

The ending is natural and clean;

Summarize the ending and deepen the theme;

Implicit ending, thought-provoking;

Lyric ending, with emotional people;

The ending that matches the beginning is well structured.

Pay attention to the above aspects, the article can be done in one go and has an appeal.

Fourth, keep practicing writing articles.

Only through practice can we improve our written expression ability.

The ability of written expression is not innate, and it must be gradually formed through serious study, especially persistent training.

Therefore, if you want to improve your writing level, enhance your writing ability and be competent as a "reporter", you must have courage and perseverance to make great efforts.

(2) There are ways and means to practice writing.

We emphasize that only practice can write a good article, because we want to tell our classmates that everyone will gain something as long as they are down-to-earth and practice hard. It is very important to have a correct attitude and method here.

1, stimulate interest, broaden ideas and do random exercises.

If you want to improve your written expression ability, you can't be satisfied with the source of knowledge in schools and classes. You must open all aspects of your life as opportunities and places for yourself to learn writing and practice expression. Only in this way can you improve quickly and earn more. If you turn writing practice into a hobby and habit, the road ahead of you will be much wider. Just like facing the change of the weather, others can feel that it is a painful experience, but you feel that you have gained a rare experience and found the material for practicing writing; An accidental event may be bypassed by others for fear of being caught. You may feel that you have a rare observation object and an extra topic to practice writing. When you meet someone you only know once, others may pass by and miss it. You may regard it as an impressive and distinctive writing "model". ...

2, step by step, down-to-earth, learning textbook knowledge.

According to the requirements of Chinese syllabus, the requirements and training of composition in Chinese textbooks for primary and secondary schools are systematically arranged and step by step. From writing simple things about characters to describing their appearance, words and deeds, and psychological activities. This arrangement and training in the textbook is very important for improving our writing ability. Students must cherish this kind of learning and training.

3, from single to comprehensive

The training of writing ability and the formation and improvement of written expression ability can be divided into several stages or single items, but in the end, it is necessary to achieve comprehensive application. Therefore, in the process of practice, we should patiently and solidly follow the principles of from less to more, from shallow to deep, and from part to whole. This process is indispensable and cannot be omitted. When in use, it should be used comprehensively as needed. You can't "jump out" one by one, one by one.

Fifth, literary works are loved by people.

A wonderful article can attract readers.

At present, with the rapid development of society, all kinds of media have their own magical powers, and television, Internet, wireless communication and other information dissemination channels have challenged this form of written expression. Therefore, in order to express information in written form and spread information through language, we must give full play to our unique advantages and constantly improve and improve the quality of articles. Only high-quality products can attract readers.

As a journalist who produces "written products" articles, he must practice his internal skills and use the laws, advantages and characteristics of language and writing to write good articles and produce good works. Only in this way can we survive and develop in the fierce competition.

(2) narrative should pay attention to methods.

After a painstaking interview, we may have a lot of writing materials in our hands. But it's like a builder building a house. No matter how good the brick and tile materials are, no matter how good the craftsmen are, no matter how superb the skills are, they can't build a combination and make a good building, but they are still a pile of good materials. If you want to write a good article, you must first master the basic expression methods. Commonly used methods are narration, description, lyricism and so on.

1, learn to narrate

Narrative is a writing method to record and introduce the activities, experiences and development of characters.

There are three narrative ways:

(1) Xu Shun

According to the sequence of events, that is, according to the sequence of time, this narrative method is called "sequence", which is the most common and basic narrative method.

The order includes vertical order, horizontal order and narrative according to a certain logical relationship.

(2) Flashback

Write down the result of the event or a most prominent fragment first, and then describe the development of the event in chronological order.

(3) interpolation

In the process of describing the main thing, temporarily interrupt the clue and insert a previous thing or another thing, which is called insertion. Interpolation is only a fragment in the full text. After the content of interpolation is over, the article still has to go back to the main thing and reconnect the interrupted clues.

In addition to the above three narrative methods, there is also a narrative method called narrative discussion, that is, the author narrates a thing on the one hand and analyzes, explains and comments on it on the other.

Determine the narrative method before writing an article, which will determine the structure of the article and must be considered before writing. It is different from different writing objects (writing people, taking notes, writing landscapes ...).

2. Learn to be specific.

(1) Write a specific thing.

Write down the story in several steps to make it meaningful. Show the main process of things to readers layer by layer. Let readers know the situation more vividly and feel immersive.

Write your own thoughts and be affectionate. Write your thoughts and feelings in the process of doing things truly and accurately, and write your true feelings, so that the article can be touching.

Narrator should describe the environment properly. In order to highlight the center of the article, we should add a description of the environment in the narrative process to make things more real. Writing about scenery is important, but it's not just about writing about scenery.

(2) Write a specific activity.

Writing activities and taking notes are the same, but the difference is to naturally combine the description of the scene with the process of activities. To write a good activity, the materials should be well written and the materials should highlight the center of the article.

(3) Writing landscapes should also be specific.

Things should also highlight the center and write the author's feelings and understanding of what he has written.

Things should grasp the characteristics of things, such as the description of shape, color and texture, and associate them appropriately.

Write down the purpose of things.

Write in a certain order.

3. Choose the writing method according to the needs of style.

As a small reporter, we should not only master the writing of general narratives, but also adopt different methods according to the requirements of different genres of articles. In order to achieve the need to convey information quickly, clearly and concisely.

(1) Write short news reports, which should be concise and highly summarized. Communicate the main points of the matter to readers.

(2) to write a small argumentative essay, you need to express your own views, express what you advocate, support and agree with, and make it clear with appropriate examples.

(C) Pay attention to the proper use of rhetorical methods.

Rhetoric refers to the use of language and writing skills. The reading effect of the same sentence is quite different with or without rhetoric. Rhetoric has many contents and techniques. The commonly used rhetorical methods are metaphor, exaggeration, parallelism and personification.

Metaphor is metaphor, that is, comparing what you want to say with similar things in order to express it more vividly. Doing so will make your meaning more vivid, interesting to read and easy to remember. Metaphor compares one thing with another. It makes people feel more intuitive and easier to understand. Metaphor subdivision can be divided into simile, metaphor and metonymy.

Exaggeration refers to describing things with exaggerated language to stimulate readers' imagination and strengthen the power of what they say. Be careful not to confuse exaggeration with actual description.

Personification refers to personification of things, which is also a good rhetorical method.

Parallelism refers to a series of sentence elements or sentences with related content and similar structure to express emphasis and deepen layer by layer, which is a rhetorical device to express strong lyricism.

In a word, rhetoric is a good way to strengthen language appeal. If you want to make the article literary, you must learn rhetoric well and use it well.

(4) Carefully modify and continuously process.

The article is not written at one time, and it will never change and become a rigid product. Mr. Lu Xun once told us: after writing, you should read it at least twice and try to delete unnecessary words ... meaning the revised article.

It takes a lot of effort to revise the article, and it also has its requirements and laws. Please pay attention.

1, modify the composition.

(1) Modify the idea of the article.

To modify an article, we must first start with the ideological content, see whether the center is correct, whether the viewpoints and materials are unified, and whether the expression is healthy and true.

(2) Modification of text structure.

When revising the article, we should consider the expression of the content, carefully consider whether the structure of the article is complete, whether the organization is clear, and whether there are inconsistencies, wordiness, repetition and illogical phenomena.

(3) language and text modification.

After solving the structural problems, we should scrutinize the language of the article to see whether the words are appropriate, whether the sentences are fluent, whether there are typos and whether the punctuation marks are accurate.

2. Modify the basic methods of the article.

(1) modification method

It can be roughly divided into four aspects: "supplement, deletion, adjustment and replacement".

Supplement: refers to supplement, which is modified by adding necessary contents.

Deletion: It refers to the removal of tedious and repetitive things irrelevant to the central idea, and the deletion of redundant words, sentences, contents, etc.

Tone: It refers to adjusting the order of words, sentences and paragraphs in an article to make it more reasonable and more in line with people's language habits.

Correction: it is to correct inappropriate words, punctuation marks, inappropriate sentences or inappropriate examples.

(2) Modify the symbol

When revising a composition, you should use standardized revision symbols. Whoever reads it knows what it means. If you always smear mistakes, you will form bad habits over time. Not only can others not understand them, I'm afraid you don't even know what you wrote.

Denotes deleting words, word and sentence tags.

Represents a deleted modification.

Represents added words, words, sentences and punctuation marks.

It means that the original error has been deleted and corrected, and now it needs to be kept.

Indicates that words and paragraphs are moved to the specified position.

It means that the left and right words are exchanged, and the middle words and punctuation are not moved.

It means to move two squares to the right

Move two squares to the left.

(3) General steps of modification

Step 1: Read the full text, find out the faults and determine "what to change".

Step 2: Think carefully, find out the reasons and solve the problem of "how to change"

The third step; Suit the remedy to the case, carefully revise it, be "too detailed" and "think twice before you act".