What does philosophy study?

Philosophy is a kind of social ideology and a theory about world outlook. It is a theoretical and systematic world outlook, a generalization and summary of knowledge of nature, social knowledge and thinking knowledge, and a unity of world outlook and methodology. It is the concrete existence and manifestation of social consciousness, and it is a science that pursues the origin, essence, absolute and ultimate metaphysical form of the world and takes the methodology of understanding and transforming the world as its research content. At the same time, in the famous science and technology integration model, philosophy is at the top of the model, which brings together and guides specific science and is closely related to science.

2. Origin

Derived from Greek Χ λ ο σ ο φ? Philosophia means "love of wisdom". The Greek word philosophia consists of Philo and sophia. philein means love and pursuit, and sophia means wisdom.

The word "zhe" has a long history in China. For example, the words "Confucius' Ten Philosophers" and "ancient sages" refer to people who are good at thinking and knowledgeable, that is, western countries are similar to "philosophers" and "thinkers". It is generally believed that China's philosophy originated in the Eastern Zhou Dynasty, represented by Confucius' Confucianism, Laozi's Taoism, Mozi's Mohist School and later Legalists. In fact, philosophical issues have been discussed in the previous Book of Changes.

3. Basic problems of philosophy

The basic problem of philosophy and the highest problem of philosophy refer to the relationship between thinking and existence, consciousness and matter. Engels made this clear for the first time in his book ludwig feuerbach and the End of German Classical Philosophy written in 1886. It provides a correct standard for distinguishing materialism and idealism, two opposing philosophical systems and schools, and evaluating them objectively.