On the topic of quadrangle culture, it is best to attract children (about the fifth grade of primary school)!

/shy/wh/ (it is recommended to explain it in the form of a story)

The formation of residential culture in Beijing comes from the evolution of society, and politics and history have great influence on residential culture. People's life has changed the form of folk houses, and folk houses have an impact on the lives of people who live later. Architecture, people and environment are constantly interacting and influencing each other. The stable architectural structure of quadrangles is very similar to the traditional stable political system. Geomantic omen theory, folk customs and religious thoughts have a far-reaching influence on Beijing residential buildings, among which quadrangles emphasize the relationship between people and the environment and strive to create an environment suitable for human habitation, which is also the goal pursued by modern architectural thoughts. The valuable experience of building houses left by our ancestors is very important, so we should respect history and have deep feelings for culture in the research process.

Fengshui theory

The Chinese nation has a profound history, culture and life experience of 5,000 years, in which the traditional living environment was formed.

In this process, the theory of geomantic omen was developed, which was also called "Kanyu" in later generations. Feng Shui has a unique culture and tradition in China.

The ideas of Yin and Yang, Five Elements and Eight Diagrams in philosophy are the cultural soil for the emergence of Feng Shui. Geomantic omen as an environmental theory

And its practicality is the experience summary of ancient people's scientific exploration to adapt to the living environment. (Li Hai,

2006), its essence is a kind of "physiognomy" to study the choice of residence in different places. That is, topography, sunshine, airflow, water quality and season.

Wind, climate, temperature and humidity and other related natural environment factors as the basis for site selection, comprehensive consideration, and then take corresponding measures.

Measures to create an artificial environment suitable for people to live in. The correspondence between geomantic omen theory and modern ecology is mainly reflected in

It is embodied in two aspects: scientific building site selection and recycling of natural environment elements. Liu Xiaoming in Feng Shui and the Bell

China society pointed out: "Feng Shui is the influence of people on the geographical environment when they start building, such as building houses, bridges and graves."

A way of choice and a cognitive system. "

The core of China's geomantic omen is the concept of "harmony between man and nature", that is, the relationship between man and nature. Ancient China

The so-called "heaven" in philosophy refers to nature, the so-called "heaven" and even the laws of nature; "Man" refers to human beings,

"Humanism" is also the operating law of human society. The concept of "harmony between man and nature" expresses the pursuit of man and self in ancient China.

However, the idea of harmonious coexistence. (Juck Zhang, 2004) Laozi's "People everywhere, the ground follows the sky, the sky follows the Tao, and the Tao follows nature".

It just shows that although heaven and earth have their own internal meanings, they are ultimately unified in endless natural laws. such

The concept of nature was later introduced into architecture, which refers to the harmony and integration between the artificially created architectural environment and the natural environment.

Healthy. It can be seen that the natural view of "harmony between man and nature" holds that heaven and earth are an organic cycle and an endless whole.

System, expressing the ideal environment view of self-balance between man and nature. This reflects the relationship between man and the sky and between man and the environment.

The idea of interrelation coincides with many basic viewpoints of contemporary ecology, and they all attach great importance to emphasizing people.

Harmony with nature, people and environment (Zhai, 1998)0

From the perspective of modern ecology, people need all kinds of raw materials in their life and production activities.

It is used by Sri Lanka and used by Sri Lanka, and it goes on and on endlessly. It can be said that in this introverted settlement space.

Within the fence, the balance of the ecosystem has been achieved. The simple ecology contained in those excellent traditional architectural experiences and technologies.

The learning concept deserves further study, excavation and arrangement under the new historical and technological conditions, so as to

Apply, improve and make it meet the needs of modern life in modern architectural design, and combine it with appropriate modern technology.

Let's go Residential construction in the suburbs of Beijing pays great attention to geomantic omen, from site selection to determining the specific scale of each building.

According to feng shui theory.

Courtyard layout

The characteristics of residential buildings in Beijing suburbs, which are different from other traditional residential buildings in China, mainly come from the unique layout of their courtyards.

Make love. Its layout embodies the ideological and cultural essence of China's "harmony of Yin and Yang, unification of all laws", and the courtyard layout is extremely cautious.

The center of the first room is the central axis of the courtyard. Based on this axis, a courtyard and a family are strictly

The "just layout" naturally divides the sequence of respect and inferiority, and is bound by ethical norms. China's "Feng Shui" theory is

The application of residential buildings in Beijing is actually a cultural expression of residential technology.

The so-called four in one, "four" refers to the east, west, south and north, and "combination" refers to all the houses surrounded together to form a "mouth" structure. The definition of quadrangles in China Encyclopedia of Civil Architecture is "Plane to Palace".

The residential buildings in northern China are centered on the courtyard and surrounded by houses. After hundreds of years of construction, Beijing quadrangles have formed a unique Beijing style from the plane layout, internal structure and detailed decoration. There are many types of quadrangles in Beijing because of their different scales and grades. Now, taking courtyards facing south as an example, there are the following types: First Courtyard (basic type), Second Courtyard, Third Courtyard, Fourth Courtyard and Multi-Courtyard (vertical duplex). Once in the courtyard, it is also called the basic courtyard. It is a quadrangle or a courtyard surrounded by four or three houses, and the main courtyard has a garden. On the basis of entering the courtyard, the courtyard is formed by longitudinal expansion. Usually, a partition wall is added between the Nanshan wall of the east and west wing rooms to divide the courtyard into two parts: the inside and the outside. There are three doors at the junction of the partition wall for access. The yard belongs to a small quadrangle. Sanjin Courtyard was formed on the basis of the Second Hospital, and then developed in depth. Generally, a narrow backyard is formed between the back building and the main building. The backyard and the Intermediate People's Court are connected through the passage at the end of the main landlord and the west wing, and residents can enter the backyard through this passage. This layout with a row of back rooms behind the main house is considered to be an ideal three-courtyard layout, and it is called a "typical" or "standard" quadrangle, as shown in Figure 3-3. The general practice of the Fourth Hospital is to add a row of back rooms behind the Third Hospital. The buildings on the central axis of Jin Si quadrangle are, from south to north, upside down-the first quadrangle-the hanging flower gate-the second quadrangle-the main room or hall-the third quadrangle-the main room-the fourth quadrangle-the back building.

The gates of the quadrangle are crying, that is, the houses in the north of the road, and the gates are opened in the southeast corner; Lunan's house, the door is open.

In the northwest corner. It is said that according to the direction of gossip, northwest and southeast are the most auspicious directions, so the gate is set up.

Here, see Figure 3-4. There are generally five rooms facing the street in the south yard, one is a doorway and the other is a concierge. Enter the gate head-on

There is a wall, the west is the outer court, and the south room is the guest room or study room. The south gate is facing the second gate, which is a hanging flower gate.

The door is connected with the wall by grinding bricks, and enters the hanging flower door in two ways to reach the east, west and north rooms. There is a square brick guide in the yard. north

There are three main rooms, tall and spacious, with a wing on each side, which is called "three straight ears". There are three compartments on the east and west sides.

The room is symmetrical. Behind the main house, there are five back rooms, which are the standard four hospitals in Beijing. But the houses in Beijing

Houses and quadrangles are not all such standard quadrangles.

Courtyard is the center of quadrangle layout, with spacious courtyard, planting trees and flowers, feeding birds and raising fish, and stacking stones for landscaping.

It is also a place where people walk, light, ventilate, enjoy the cool, rest and do housework. Siheyuan is a closed house.

There is only one street gate outside, and the closed door comes from Chengtiandi, which is very private and very suitable for exclusive living. In the courtyard, all four houses are open to the courtyard, and the family is happy and beautiful. Residents not only enjoy

Have a comfortable house and share the beautiful world given by nature.

folk custom

Folklore permeates every aspect of life, and also affects the houses of all ethnic groups, sometimes even in the same place.

However, under geographical conditions, the characteristics of folk houses of different nationalities are also very different, which is the influence of national culture. Folk custom style

Now it is all-round, and the brand of folk culture is engraved everywhere. Folk culture is inherited and flowing.

Degenerate, with the passage of time and the development of architecture, the content of architectural culture in various regions is always richer and richer.

Folk customs are reflected in all aspects of architecture, such as house distribution, roof form, gate orientation, door and window form, etc.

Face, to the unique public exchange activities formed by customs and habits. All of them are related to the settlement form and the overall spatial ring of the building.

The environmental impact is far-reaching.

Beijing is one of the four ancient capitals in China, and there are many local conditions and customs in the suburbs of Beijing that are integrated into farmers' lives.

Life wisdom life interest: Beijing opera, cross talk, stage play, iron plate fast book, cloisonne, tooth carving, hairy monkey, Qi Diao,

Wedding cage, sugar blower, dough mixer and so on. Beijing's flavor snacks have a long history, a wide variety, exquisite materials and a rigorous system.

Exquisite works are well known. In the Qing Dynasty, "Du Men Zhuzhi Ci" said: "The three big money sells flowers well, and the ghost cuts the cake legs."

Tea, a bowl of sweet porridge in the morning, only tea soup and tea; Frozen fruit fried sweet ear cake, baked sesame seed cake, barbecued pork bun.

Fire has just been sold, and hard face is called paradox; Steamed dumplings and wonton are all vegetables, and there are new dumplings. "These snacks are all in the temple.

Will or peddle in the market along the street, in old Beijing is vividly called "will eat." The representative of Beijing-style snacks is bean juice,

Crispy bean powder, sour plum soup, steamed buns, live spring sandwich cakes, preserved fruits, candied haws, aiwowo, pea yellow, donkey meat.

Rolling, enema, tripe, fried liver and so on.

religions thought

Religion was born in a certain nationality or several nationalities, and it was born together with a certain national spirit.

Education and growth. Folk houses reflect some cultural psychology, aesthetic concepts and ways of thinking within the nation, reflecting

The external environment, cultural tradition, lifestyle, customs and social form of the nation. That's right.

As far as houses are concerned, religion has been accompanied by people's construction behavior from the beginning. People always choose a certain time to build houses and villages.

Hold relevant ceremonies. In other words, "religious concept as an important factor has played a role in society."

The influence of religious culture on residential buildings is mainly reflected in roof decoration and architectural decoration patterns.

And used as an exorcism ornament.