Analysis of Social Work Principle: Urban Community and Rural Community

Urban communities and rural communities

1. Urban community: refers to a society composed of dense population engaged in various non-agricultural labor in a specific area.

2. Characteristics of urban communities: concentrated population and strong conductivity; Frequent economic and other activities; With a variety of complex systems, beliefs, languages and diverse lifestyles; Various groups and organizations with complex structures; The scale and function of the family are reduced, the blood relationship is weakened, and the interpersonal relationship is loose; Thought, politics and culture are relatively developed.

3. Rural community: refers to the regional society in which residents mainly engage in agricultural production.

4. The characteristics of rural communities: low population density, strong homogeneity and low mobility; Simple economic activities; Customs and lifestyles are greatly influenced by traditional forces; The organizational structure is simple, and the professional division of labor is far less complicated than that of cities; Family plays the most important role in life, with strong blood relationship and close interpersonal relationship.

(A) community interaction and coordinated development

In the contemporary transitional society, regardless of its category, the community is an open system connected with the outside world. The interaction between different types of communities is of great significance to the benign operation and coordinated development of the whole society.

Rural community is the original form of human settlement. Corresponding to the characteristics of agricultural production activities, it has the following points: Some characteristics:

(l) interpersonal relationship is based on blood relationship;

(2) Strong population homogeneity and high social integration;

(3) Have a strong sense of community and belonging;

(4) Traditional morality and etiquette are the main means of social control.

With the human society stepping into the era of civilization, the city has become one of the symbols of civilization. In class society, the dual structure of urban-rural opposition always exists. However, the fundamental change in the status of cities is that after the modern industrial revolution, the number and scale of cities have greatly exceeded before. At present, China society is in the process of rapid urbanization, which has led to new changes and new features in the relationship between urban and rural areas.

(B) the coordinated development of urban and rural areas

The coordinated development of urban and rural areas is an important foundation and main aspect of the coordinated development of communities. Traditionally, there are two main theories about the coordinated development of urban and rural areas.

(1) integration theory of coordinated development of urban and rural areas

1. The so-called urban-rural integration is essentially to eliminate the opposition between urban and rural areas, not to eliminate the specific forms of urban and rural areas. Marxism believes that urban-rural integration is not only possible, but also necessary. Under the guidance of this idea, people put forward three main theoretical models to realize urban-rural integration, namely, the priority development model of rural communities, the key development model of urban communities and the coordinated development model of urban-rural integration.

2 on the coordinated development of urban and rural areas, we should adhere to the following principles:

1. Advantage development principle;

2. The principle of all-round development;

3. The principle of mutually beneficial development;

4. The principle of balanced regional development.

(2) Urban layout theory

1. The layout theory of coordinated development between urban and rural areas is mainly to explore the imbalance of regional development between urban and rural communities and narrow regional differences. Generally speaking, the focus of layout theory on community investigation is the comparison of geographical areas. As far as China is concerned, it is mainly the layout of the eastern, central and western regions and the layout of the coastal, inland and frontier areas. The focus of the layout is the city, and the main content of the urban layout is the layout of economy and population.

2. Overall characteristics of urban layout in China. Most cities in China are concentrated in the eastern coastal areas. Whether this distribution is reasonable or not can not be simply investigated from the proportion of land area in the east and west, but should distinguish between balanced distribution and average distribution. The so-called balanced layout means comprehensively considering the natural environment, resources, economic development level, development potential, population and other factors in each region, realizing a reasonable layout, and coordinating urban layout and development with environmental development and utilization and economic and social development in this region.

3. Environment and urban layout. Environmental factors have an important influence on urban layout. The speed and scale of urbanization in a region largely depend on the geographical environment and resources of the region.

4. Economic development and urban layout. To some extent, there is a positive correlation between economic development and urban development, which are mutually conditional and promote each other.

5. Population and urban layout. Urban layout itself means the redistribution of population. At the same time, the establishment and development of cities are also related to population. The population distribution and development in different regions and cities should be coordinated with the regional environment, cultural background and economic development.

(C) the coordinated development of communities in the transition period

(1) An important aspect of social transformation is the transformation from traditional communities to modern communities. In addition to the trend of urbanization, the community transformation in contemporary China has at least the following characteristics:

1. Transition from homogeneity to heterogeneity;

2. The transition from closed to open;

3. In the way of life, efficiency is emphasized more and more, the pace of life is accelerated, and people's consumption behavior is diversified;

4. The transition from planned economy to market economy is the basis of changes in all aspects of social life.

(2) Community transformation is a holistic change, which makes the coordinated development of communities more difficult. In order to promote the coordinated development of the community, we should pay attention to the following aspects:

1. In the community transformation, pay attention to promoting the synchronization of all aspects and complete the new integration as soon as possible;

2. Improve social and psychological endurance, thus enhancing the adaptability of the community to diverse lifestyles;

3. Strengthen community planning and predictive research, and bring community transformation into a predictable and planned control track;

4. According to the requirements of marketization, weaken administrative intervention and make full use of market mechanism to cultivate self-organization ability within and between communities.

(D) The main differences between urban communities and rural communities

(1) Urban community: a society composed of dense population engaged in various non-agricultural labor in a specific area.

(2) the characteristics of the city

1. The population is concentrated and heterogeneous;

2. Frequent economic and other activities;

3. There are various complicated systems, beliefs, languages and diverse lifestyles;

4. Various groups and organizations with complex structures;

5. The scale and function of the family are reduced, the blood relationship is weakened and the interpersonal relationship is loose;

6. Ideological and political culture is relatively developed.

(3) Rural community: a regional society where residents mainly engage in agricultural production for a living.

(4) the characteristics of rural communities

1. Low population density, strong homogeneity and low mobility;

2. Simple economic activities;

3. Customs and lifestyles are greatly influenced by traditional forces;

4. The organizational structure is simple, and the occupational division of labor is not as complicated as that in cities;

Family plays an important role in life, with strong blood relationship and close interpersonal relationship.

(v) Virtual communities

(1) Virtual space is a brand-new digital space and symbolic communication environment provided by computer network technology. The development process of virtual community in virtual space is also a process of deconstruction and reconstruction of traditional lifestyle and life concept.

(2) The virtuality of the virtual community is only reflected in the fact that it does not exist in the geographical environment of the physical world. It has no physical volume and shape, and it is a community with primary relations established in digital space.

(3) Compared with the real society, it has the following characteristics:

1. Communication transcends time.

2. Interaction is anonymous and completely symbolic.

3. The interpersonal relationship is loose, and the mass organizations flow frequently.

4. Principles of freedom, equality, democracy, autonomy and enjoyment.

(vi) Organization of social life

The organizational forms of social life are divided into two different types, namely, civil society with rural characteristics and legal society with urban characteristics, and are compared and analyzed from the perspective of social relations.

(1) gemeinschaft is very cohesive. People care about each other, unite as one, and have an intimate lunch together. This relationship is maintained by the language and tradition of * * *, and its foundation is the interests, goals, values and norms of * * *. Family, neighborhood and friendship are its basic forms, which dominate everything in gemeinschaft.

(2) In a society ruled by law, kinship, neighborhood and friendship are declining, and people seldom share the same values and norms. They only care about their own selfish interests. Therefore, urban life is characterized by egoism, disintegration, unbridled individualism, selfishness and even mutual hostility. The relationship between people formed in this environment is obviously different from that in gemeinschaft.